83,725 research outputs found
Comparative statistical study of two local clustering coefficient formulations as tropical cyclone markers for climate networks
We introduce a new formulation of local clustering coefficient for weighted
correlation networks. This new formulation is based upon a definition
introduced previously in the neuroscience context and aimed at compensating for
spurious correlations caused by indirect interactions. We modify this
definition further by replacing Pearson's pairwise correlation coefficients and
three-way partial correlation coefficients by the respective Kendall's rank
correlations. This reduces statistical sample size requirements to compute the
correlations, which translates into the possibility of using shorter time
windows and hence into a shorter response time of the real-time climate network
analysis. We construct evolving climate networks of mean sea level pressure
fluctuations and analyze anomalies of local clustering coefficient in these
networks. We develop a broadly applicable statistical methodology to study
association between spatially inhomogeneous georeferenced multivariate time
series and binary-valued spatiotemporal data (or other data reducible to this
representation) and use it to compare the newly proposed formulation of local
clustering coefficient (for weighted correlation networks) to the conventional
one (for unweighted graphs) in terms of the association of these measures in
climate networks to tropical cyclones. Thus we substantiate the previously made
observation that tropical cyclones are associated with anomalously high values
of local clustering coefficient, and confirm that the new formulation shows a
stronger association
Configuration model for correlation matrices preserving the node strength
Correlation matrices are a major type of multivariate data. To examine
properties of a given correlation matrix, a common practice is to compare the
same quantity between the original correlation matrix and reference correlation
matrices, such as those derived from random matrix theory, that partially
preserve properties of the original matrix. We propose a model to generate such
reference correlation and covariance matrices for the given matrix. Correlation
matrices are often analysed as networks, which are heterogeneous across nodes
in terms of the total connectivity to other nodes for each node. Given this
background, the present algorithm generates random networks that preserve the
expectation of total connectivity of each node to other nodes, akin to
configuration models for conventional networks. Our algorithm is derived from
the maximum entropy principle. We will apply the proposed algorithm to
measurement of clustering coefficients and community detection, both of which
require a null model to assess the statistical significance of the obtained
results.Comment: 8 figures, 4 table
Assortative mixing in Protein Contact Networks and protein folding kinetics
Starting from linear chains of amino acids, the spontaneous folding of
proteins into their elaborate three-dimensional structures is one of the
remarkable examples of biological self-organization. We investigated native
state structures of 30 single-domain, two-state proteins, from complex networks
perspective, to understand the role of topological parameters in proteins'
folding kinetics, at two length scales-- as ``Protein Contact Networks (PCNs)''
and their corresponding ``Long-range Interaction Networks (LINs)'' constructed
by ignoring the short-range interactions. Our results show that, both PCNs and
LINs exhibit the exceptional topological property of ``assortative mixing''
that is absent in all other biological and technological networks studied so
far. We show that the degree distribution of these contact networks is partly
responsible for the observed assortativity. The coefficient of assortativity
also shows a positive correlation with the rate of protein folding at both
short and long contact scale, whereas, the clustering coefficients of only the
LINs exhibit a negative correlation. The results indicate that the general
topological parameters of these naturally-evolved protein networks can
effectively represent the structural and functional properties required for
fast information transfer among the residues facilitating biochemical/kinetic
functions, such as, allostery, stability, and the rate of folding.Comment: Published in Bioinformatic
Network Analysis of Intrinsic Functional Brain Connectivity in Alzheimer's Disease
Functional brain networks detected in task-free (“resting-state”) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have a small-world architecture that reflects a robust functional organization of the brain. Here, we examined whether this functional organization is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Task-free fMRI data from 21 AD subjects and 18 age-matched controls were obtained. Wavelet analysis was applied to the fMRI data to compute frequency-dependent correlation matrices. Correlation matrices were thresholded to create 90-node undirected-graphs of functional brain networks. Small-world metrics (characteristic path length and clustering coefficient) were computed using graph analytical methods. In the low frequency interval 0.01 to 0.05 Hz, functional brain networks in controls showed small-world organization of brain activity, characterized by a high clustering coefficient and a low characteristic path length. In contrast, functional brain networks in AD showed loss of small-world properties, characterized by a significantly lower clustering coefficient (p<0.01), indicative of disrupted local connectivity. Clustering coefficients for the left and right hippocampus were significantly lower (p<0.01) in the AD group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the clustering coefficient distinguished AD participants from the controls with a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 78%. Our study provides new evidence that there is disrupted organization of functional brain networks in AD. Small-world metrics can characterize the functional organization of the brain in AD, and our findings further suggest that these network measures may be useful as an imaging-based biomarker to distinguish AD from healthy aging
Statistical Self-Similar Properties of Complex Networks
It has been shown that many complex networks shared distinctive features,
which differ in many ways from the random and the regular networks. Although
these features capture important characteristics of complex networks, their
applicability depends on the type of networks. To unravel ubiquitous
characteristics that complex networks may have in common, we adopt the
clustering coefficient as the probability measure, and present a systematic
analysis of various types of complex networks from the perspective of
statistical self-similarity. We find that the probability distribution of the
clustering coefficient is best characterized by the multifractal; moreover, the
support of the measure had a fractal dimension. These two features enable us to
describe complex networks in a unified way; at the same time, offer unforeseen
possibilities to comprehend complex networks.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
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