3,256 research outputs found
ClouNS - A Cloud-native Application Reference Model for Enterprise Architects
The capability to operate cloud-native applications can generate enormous
business growth and value. But enterprise architects should be aware that
cloud-native applications are vulnerable to vendor lock-in. We investigated
cloud-native application design principles, public cloud service providers, and
industrial cloud standards. All results indicate that most cloud service
categories seem to foster vendor lock-in situations which might be especially
problematic for enterprise architectures. This might sound disillusioning at
first. However, we present a reference model for cloud-native applications that
relies only on a small subset of well standardized IaaS services. The reference
model can be used for codifying cloud technologies. It can guide technology
identification, classification, adoption, research and development processes
for cloud-native application and for vendor lock-in aware enterprise
architecture engineering methodologies
Benchmarking Function Hook Latency in Cloud-Native Environments
Researchers and engineers are increasingly adopting cloud-native technologies
for application development and performance evaluation. While this has improved
the reproducibility of benchmarks in the cloud, the complexity of cloud-native
environments makes it difficult to run benchmarks reliably. Cloud-native
applications are often instrumented or altered at runtime, by dynamically
patching or hooking them, which introduces a significant performance overhead.
Our work discusses the benchmarking-related pitfalls of the dominant
cloud-native technology, Kubernetes, and how they affect performance
measurements of dynamically patched or hooked applications. We present
recommendations to mitigate these risks and demonstrate how an improper
experimental setup can negatively impact latency measurements.Comment: to be published in the 14th Symposium on Software Performance (SSP
2023), source code available at
https://github.com/dynatrace-research/function-hook-latency-benchmarkin
Migrating to Cloud-Native Architectures Using Microservices: An Experience Report
Migration to the cloud has been a popular topic in industry and academia in
recent years. Despite many benefits that the cloud presents, such as high
availability and scalability, most of the on-premise application architectures
are not ready to fully exploit the benefits of this environment, and adapting
them to this environment is a non-trivial task. Microservices have appeared
recently as novel architectural styles that are native to the cloud. These
cloud-native architectures can facilitate migrating on-premise architectures to
fully benefit from the cloud environments because non-functional attributes,
like scalability, are inherent in this style. The existing approaches on cloud
migration does not mostly consider cloud-native architectures as their
first-class citizens. As a result, the final product may not meet its primary
drivers for migration. In this paper, we intend to report our experience and
lessons learned in an ongoing project on migrating a monolithic on-premise
software architecture to microservices. We concluded that microservices is not
a one-fit-all solution as it introduces new complexities to the system, and
many factors, such as distribution complexities, should be considered before
adopting this style. However, if adopted in a context that needs high
flexibility in terms of scalability and availability, it can deliver its
promised benefits
Leveraging Kubernetes in Edge-Native Cable Access Convergence
Public clouds provide infrastructure services and deployment frameworks for modern cloud-native applications. As the cloud-native paradigm has matured, containerization, orchestration and Kubernetes have become its fundamental building blocks. For the next step of cloud-native, an interest to extend it to the edge computing is emerging. Primary reasons for this are low-latency use cases and the desire to have uniformity in cloud-edge continuum. Cable access networks as specialized type of edge networks are not exception here. As the cable industry transitions to distributed architectures and plans the next steps to virtualize its on-premise network functions, there are opportunities to achieve synergy advantages from convergence of access technologies and services. Distributed cable networks deploy resource-constrained devices like RPDs and RMDs deep in the edge networks. These devices can be redesigned to support more than one access technology and to provide computing services for other edge tenants with MEC-like architectures. Both of these cases benefit from virtualization. It is here where cable access convergence and cloud-native transition to edge-native intersect. However, adapting cloud-native in the edge presents a challenge, since cloud-native container runtimes and native Kubernetes are not optimal solutions in diverse edge environments. Therefore, this thesis takes as its goal to describe current landscape of lightweight cloud-native runtimes and tools targeting the edge. While edge-native as a concept is taking its first steps, tools like KubeEdge, K3s and Virtual Kubelet can be seen as the most mature reference projects for edge-compatible solution types. Furthermore, as the container runtimes are not yet fully edge-ready, WebAssembly seems like a promising alternative runtime for lightweight, portable and secure Kubernetes compatible workloads
Vertical-oriented 5G platform-as-a-service: user-generated content case study
5G realizes an impactful convergence, where Network Functions Virtualization
(NFV) and cloud-native models become fundamental for profiting from the
unprecedented capacity offered at the 5G Radio Access Network (RAN). For
providing scalability and automation management over resources in 5G
infrastructure, cloud-native and Platform as a service (PaaS) are proposed as
solutions for paving the way for vertical applications in 5G. This paper
leverages cloud-native models, PaaS, and virtual testbed instances to provide
key platform provisioning and service life-cycle management features to a
selected User Generated Content (UGC) scenario in multimedia applications.
Specifically, this article and results show how service-level telemetry from a
UGC cloud-native application is used to automatically scale system resources
across the NFV infrastructure.Comment: Previous version of the paper is accepted in IEEE Future Networks
World Forum (FNWF), Montreal, 202
Towards Transaction as a Service
This paper argues for decoupling transaction processing from existing
two-layer cloud-native databases and making transaction processing as an
independent service. By building a transaction as a service (TaaS) layer, the
transaction processing can be independently scaled for high resource
utilization and can be independently upgraded for development agility.
Accordingly, we architect an execution-transaction-storage three-layer
cloud-native database. By connecting to TaaS, 1) the AP engines can be
empowered with ACID TP capability, 2) multiple standalone TP engine instances
can be incorporated to support multi-master distributed TP for horizontal
scalability, 3) multiple execution engines with different data models can be
integrated to support multi-model transactions, and 4) high performance TP is
achieved through extensive TaaS optimizations and consistent evolution.
Cloud-native databases deserve better architecture: we believe that TaaS
provides a path forward to better cloud-native databases
Cloud-Native Realization of Network Configuration Protocol
Many of the telecommunication companies aim to support Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) to manage their large network in cloud-native environment. The NETCONF protocol provides automation and security using permanent SSH and TLS connections as well as cloudnative brings scalability advantages. However, supporting the NETCONF protocol in cloud-native environment represents challenges since the NETCONF protocol is not stateless.
The thesis implements a proof of concept for cloud-native Network Configuration Protocol and investigates issues of such an implementation. The approach in this thesis is to have two implementations of standard Network Configuration Protocol and Network Configuration Protocol Call Home in cloud-native environment. A solution is applied together with these implementations by terminating the permanent established sessions in the end of messaging. The evaluations are made by analysing changing number of connections and events per connection in the both implementations.
Based on the evaluation of the proof of concept, the results indicate that terminating the established NETCONF sessions in the end of messaging is an operable solution. However, it is also observed that throughput and CPU could be limitations for such an implementation in cloud-native environment. In addition, it must be considered that authentication time is affected based on chosen security provider
Challenges for the comprehensive management of cloud services in a PaaS framework
The 4CaaSt project aims at developing a PaaS framework that enables flexible definition, marketing, deployment and management of Cloud-based services and applications. The major innovations proposed by 4CaaSt are the blueprint and its lifecycle management, a one stop shop for Cloud services and a PaaS level resource management featuring elasticity. 4CaaSt also provides a portfolio of ready to use Cloud native services and Cloud-aware immigrant technologies
Migrating Monoliths to Microservices-based Customizable Multi-tenant Cloud-native Apps
It was common that software vendors sell licenses to their clients to use software products, such as Enterprise Resource Planning, which are deployed as a monolithic entity on clients’ premises. Moreover, many clients, especially big organizations, often require software products to be customized for their specific needs before deployment on premises. While software vendors are trying to migrate their monolithic software products to Cloud-native Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), they face two big challenges that this paper aims at addressing: 1) How to migrate their exclusive monoliths to multi-tenant Cloud-native SaaS; and 2) How to enable tenant-specific customization for multi-tenant Cloud-native SaaS. This paper suggests an approach for migrating monoliths to microservice-based Cloud-native SaaS, providing customers with a flexible customization opportunity, while taking advantage of the economies of scale that the Cloud and multi-tenancy provide. Our approach shows not only the migration to microservices but also how to introduce the necessary infrastructure to support the new services and enable tenant-specific customization. We illustrate the application of our approach on migrating a reference application of Microsoft called SportStore.acceptedVersio
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