An economic evaluation of tick line deregulation in Queensland

Rhipicephalus microplus, the cattle tick, is widely distributed across many tropical and subtropical regions of the world and has been identified as the most economically important species of tick across a number of countries. Quarantine boundaries currently limit the spread of the cattle tick into northern New South Wales, parts of South East Queensland, the central parts of the Northern Territory and northern parts of Western Australia. The Queensland tick line (or quarantine boundary) largely follows the 500mm rainfall isohyet until it reaches southern Queensland. As the cattle tick is unlikely to become endemic to regions receiving median rainfall less than 500mm per annum, the region most likely to be effected by a deregulation of the tick line is located in the south east corner of the State “inside” the 500mm isohyet but “outside” of the tick line. There are a number of strategies available to beef producers running susceptible cattle within the region impacted by a deregulation of the tick line. For example, they could: o choose to apply acaricides into the foreseeable future, o choose to breed tick resistance into their livestock and apply acaricides during the conversion period, o replace their susceptible breeding herds with tick resistant stock from within the tick endemic region, or o continue with susceptible livestock and implement sufficient quarantine and pest management strategies to reduce the risk of tick infestation to a negligible level The economic evaluation of these strategies indicates that the total costs of deregulation depend upon the type of response made by industry and the level of that response.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

EFFICACY OF IVERMECTIN ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY AGAINST CATTLE TICK, BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI)

EFFICACY OF IVERMECTIN ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY AGAINST CATTLE TICK, BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI

THE TROPICAL HORSE TICK AND THE SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK IN PUERTO RICO

THE TROPICAL HORSE TICK AND THE SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK IN PUERTO RIC

Studies on the epidemiology and potential extent of cattle tick infestations in the tick free area of Queensland

1. INTRODUCTION 2. LIFE CYCLE OF THE CATTLE TICK 3. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CATTLE TICK 4. ANALYSIS OF PAST AND PRESENT TICK OUTBREAKS 5. TICK PLOT STUDIES 6. CSIRO MODEL PREDICTIONS 7. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS 8. GENERAL DISCUSSION 9. REFERENCES 10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 11. APPENDIX: DESCRIPTION OF THE TICK PLOT BASED CATTLE TICK POPULATION MODE

Goodness of fit comparisons among five bayesian models in genome-wide association of tick resistance in brazilian Hereford and Braford beef cattle.

This study aimed to compare five models fitness and top effect SNPs obtained with three different Bayesian GWAS methods applied to cattle tick resistance in Braford and Hereford

Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance

Infestations with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, constitute the most important ectoparasite problem for cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, resulting in major economic losses. The control of R. microplus is mostly based on the use of conventional acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. However, the intensive use of such compounds has resulted in tick populations that exhibit resistance to all major acaricide chemical classes. Consequently, there is a need for the development of alternative approaches, possibly including the use of animal husbandry practices, synergized pesticides, rotation of acaricides, pesticide mixture formulations, manual removal of ticks, selection for host resistance, nutritional management, release of sterile male hybrids, environmental management, plant species that are unfavourable to ticks, pasture management, plant extracts, essential oils and vaccination. Integrated tick management consists of the systematic combination of at least two control technologies aiming to reduce selection pressure in favour of acaricide-resistant individuals, while maintaining adequate levels of animal production. The purpose of this paper is to present a current review on conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance for better understanding and control of resistant ticks with particular emphasis on R. microplus on cattle

Identification of a mutation in the para-sodium channel gene of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus associated with resistance to synthetic pyrethroid acaricides

Resistance against synthetic pyrethroid (SP) products for the control of cattle ticks in Australia was detected in the field in 1984, within a very short time of commercial introduction. We have identified a mutation in the domain II S4-5 linker of the para-sodium channel that is associated with resistance to SPs in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from Australia. The cytosine to adenine mutation at position 190 in the R. microplus sequence AF134216, results in an amino acid substitution from leucine in the susceptible strain to isoleucine in the resistant strain. A similar mutation has been shown to confer SP resistance in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, but has not been described previously in ticks. A diagnostic quantitative PCR assay has been developed using allele-specific Taqman® minor groove-binding (MGB) probes. Using the assay to screen field and laboratory populations of ticks showed that homozygote allelic frequencies correlated highly with the survival percentage at the discriminating concentration of cypermethrin