Case-based reasoning in design: An apologia

Three positions are presented and defended: the process of generating solutions in problem solving is viewable as a design task; case-based reasoning is a strong method of problem solving; and a synergism exists between case-based reasoning and design problem solving

Design, innovation and case-based reasoning.

The design task is especially appropriate for applying, integrating, exploring and pushing the boundaries of case-based reasoning. In this paper, we briefly review the challenges that design poses for case-based reasoning and survey research on case-based design ranging from early explorations to more recent work on innovative design. We also summarize the theoretical contributions this research has made to case-based reasoning itself

Constraint-based adaptation for complex space configuration in building services

In this paper an object-based CAD programming is used to take advantage of standardization to handle the schematic design, sizing and layout planning for ceiling mounted fan coil system in a building ceiling void. In order to deal with more complex geometry and real building size, we have used a hybrid approach combining case-based reasoning and constraint programming techniques. Very often, building services engineers use previous solutions and adapt them to new problems. Case-based reasoning mirrors this practical approach and did help us deal effectively with increasingly complex geometry. Our approach combines automation and interactivity. From the specification of the building 3D BIM model, our software prototype proceeds through four steps. First, the user divides the building into zones, each zone being defined by a geometrical primitive (i.e. rectangle zone, triangle zone, curved zone, etc.). Next, for each zone a similar case is retrieved from the case library. The retrieval process will generate a first incomplete 3D solution containing some inconsistencies. Next, the incomplete solution is adapted, using constraint programming techniques, to provide a consistent solution. Finally, distribution routes (i.e. ducts and pipes) are generated using constraint programming techniques. The 3D fan coil solution can be modified or improved by the designer, while providing further contribution by concentrating on interactivity. The project has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) in the UK

Design reuse research : a computational perspective

This paper gives an overview of some computer based systems that focus on supporting engineering design reuse. Design reuse is considered here to reflect the utilisation of any knowledge gained from a design activity and not just past designs of artefacts. A design reuse process model, containing three main processes and six knowledge components, is used as a basis to identify the main areas of contribution from the systems. From this it can be concluded that while reuse libraries and design by reuse has received most attention, design for reuse, domain exploration and five of the other knowledge components lack research effort

Supporting strategic design of workplace environments with case-based reasoning

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Penggunaan Teknik Geometric And Topological Pattern Matching Untuk Menentukan Layout Ruang Akomodasi Abk Kapal Penumpang 1000 Orang

Bagian dari suatu proses perencanaan kapal adalah pembuatan Rencana Umum. Dan inti dari pembuatan Rencana Umum adalah penentuan ruang-ruang akomodasi dan penempatannya pada geladak akomodasi. Permasalahan yang akan timbul adalah jika seorang desainer merencanakan tata letak ruangan tersebut dari nol (from scratch). Cara cepat merencanakan tata letak ruang akomodasi tersebut yang sesuai dengan keinginan pemesan (owner) adalah dengan memanfaatkan desain lama (design reuse). Pendekatan yang memanfaatkan design reuse untuk pembuatan desain baru adalah pendekatan Case Based Reasoning (CBR) (Kolodner 1993). Untuk memecahkan permasalahan desain tata letak ruang akomodasi dipakai pendekatan Case Based Reasoning (CBR) in Design (Maher dkk. 1995). Dalam penarikan (recaU) desain lama ini digunakan teknik geometric and topological pattern matching yaitu mencari kesamaan desain tata letak ruang akomodasi yang baru dengan desain lama yang ada di case base berdasarkan tingkat kesamaan bentuk geometri dan kedekatan antar ruang. Pemanfaatan komputer akan lebih mempermudah dalam penarikan dan akan memberikan urutan desain dari yang mempunyai tingkat kesamaan bentuk dan kedekatan tertinggi sampai terendah, selanjutnya desain dengan kesamaan tertinggi yang akan dijadikan sebagai desain baru sesuai dengan keinginan pemesan. Dengan mempertimbangkan keuntungan tersebut, maka semua teknik diatas diimplementasikan kedalam sebuah program komputer yang disebut Sistem SpaceMan

A survey of AI in operations management from 2005 to 2009

Purpose: the use of AI for operations management, with its ability to evolve solutions, handle uncertainty and perform optimisation continues to be a major field of research. The growing body of publications over the last two decades means that it can be difficult to keep track of what has been done previously, what has worked, and what really needs to be addressed. Hence this paper presents a survey of the use of AI in operations management aimed at presenting the key research themes, trends and directions of research. Design/methodology/approach: the paper builds upon our previous survey of this field which was carried out for the ten-year period 1995-2004. Like the previous survey, it uses Elsevier’s Science Direct database as a source. The framework and methodology adopted for the survey is kept as similar as possible to enable continuity and comparison of trends. Thus, the application categories adopted are: design; scheduling; process planning and control; and quality, maintenance and fault diagnosis. Research on utilising neural networks, case-based reasoning (CBR), fuzzy logic (FL), knowledge-Based systems (KBS), data mining, and hybrid AI in the four application areas are identified. Findings: the survey categorises over 1,400 papers, identifying the uses of AI in the four categories of operations management and concludes with an analysis of the trends, gaps and directions for future research. The findings include: the trends for design and scheduling show a dramatic increase in the use of genetic algorithms since 2003 that reflect recognition of their success in these areas; there is a significant decline in research on use of KBS, reflecting their transition into practice; there is an increasing trend in the use of FL in quality, maintenance and fault diagnosis; and there are surprising gaps in the use of CBR and hybrid methods in operations management that offer opportunities for future research. Design/methodology/approach: the paper builds upon our previous survey of this field which was carried out for the 10 year period 1995 to 2004 (Kobbacy et al. 2007). Like the previous survey, it uses the Elsevier’s ScienceDirect database as a source. The framework and methodology adopted for the survey is kept as similar as possible to enable continuity and comparison of trends. Thus the application categories adopted are: (a) design, (b) scheduling, (c) process planning and control and (d) quality, maintenance and fault diagnosis. Research on utilising neural networks, case based reasoning, fuzzy logic, knowledge based systems, data mining, and hybrid AI in the four application areas are identified. Findings: The survey categorises over 1400 papers, identifying the uses of AI in the four categories of operations management and concludes with an analysis of the trends, gaps and directions for future research. The findings include: (a) The trends for Design and Scheduling show a dramatic increase in the use of GAs since 2003-04 that reflect recognition of their success in these areas, (b) A significant decline in research on use of KBS, reflecting their transition into practice, (c) an increasing trend in the use of fuzzy logic in Quality, Maintenance and Fault Diagnosis, (d) surprising gaps in the use of CBR and hybrid methods in operations management that offer opportunities for future research. Originality/value: This is the largest and most comprehensive study to classify research on the use of AI in operations management to date. The survey and trends identified provide a useful reference point and directions for future research

An investigation into establishing a generalised approach for defining similarity metrics between 3D shapes for case-based reasoning (CBR)

This thesis investigates the feasibility of establishing a generalised approach for defining similarity metrics between 3D shapes for the casting design problem in Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). This research investigates a new approach for improving the quality of casting design advice achieved from a CBR system using casting design knowledge associated with past cases. The new approach uses enhanced similarity metrics to those used in previous research in this area to achieve improvements in the advice given. The new similarity metrics proposed here are based on the decomposition of casting shape cases into a set of components. The research into metrics defines and uses the Component Type Similarity Metric (CTM) and Maximum Common Subgraph (MCS) metric between graph representations of the case shapes and are focused on the definition of partial similarity between the components of the same type that take into account the geometrical features and proportions of each single shape component. Additionally, the investigation extends the scope of the research to 3D shapes by defining and evaluating a new metric for the overall similarity between 3D shapes. Additionally, this research investigates a methodology for the integration of the CBR cycle and automation of the feature extraction from target and source case shapes. The ShapeCBR system has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating the CBR approach for retrieving and reusing casting design advice. The ShapeCBR system automates the decomposition process, the classification process and the shape matching process and is used to evaluate the new similarity metrics proposed in this research and the extension of the approach to 3D shapes. Evaluation of the new similarity metrics show that the efficiency of the system is enhanced using the new similarity metrics and that the new approach provides useful casting design information for 3D casting shapes. Additionally, ShapeCBR shows that it is possible to automate the decomposition and classification of components that allow a case shape to be represented in graph form and thus provide the basis for automating the overall CBR cycle. The thesis concludes with new research questions that emerge from this research and an agenda for further work to be pursued in further research in the area

Analisis Pemilihan Layout Ruang Akomodasi Menggunakan Teknik Topological And Numerical Pattern Matching Pada Kapal Tanker

Metode kapal pembanding yang lebih banyak memanfaatkan desain lama, saat ini sering digunakan untuk merencanakan suatu kapal. T erutama digunakan untuk mendesain Rencana Umum, yang intinya adalah merencanakan ruang-ruang akomodasi dan penempatannya pada geladak akomodasi. Hal ini sangat menguntungkan bagi desainer karena tidak harus merencanakannya dari awal, sehingga dapat menghemat waktu. Untuk merealisasikan pemanfaatan desain lama tersebut, dipakai suatu pendekatan Case Based Reasoning (CBR) in Design sampai dengan tahap penarikan (recall). Proses recall ini menggunakan teknik Topological and Numerical Pattern Matching. Yaitu cara mencari kesamaan hubungan tata letak (topology) dan kesamaan perhitungan matematis (numeric) antara desain baru dengan desain lama, kemudian menghitung dan mengurutkan nilai (score) dari masing-masing pasangan desain. Hasil aklhir yang diperoleh ialah pasangan desain yang memiliki nilai kesamaan tertinggi akan di-reca/1 dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk layout yang sederhana. Dengan ukungan komputer sebagai alat bantu dalam mengimplementasikan teknik di ata maka dibuat suatu prototype software komputer dengan nama LEVINE system Vl.O yang akan mewujudkan pemanfaatan desain-desain lama sebagai solusi dalam proses pembuatan desain baru. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dalam pengujian terhadap LEVINE system Vl.O dengan obyek layout ruang akomodasi kapal yang meliputi upper deck, poop deck, boat deck, bridge deck dan navigation deck, menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini mempunyai kemampuan dan konsistensi tinggi dalam pelaksanaan proses pattern matching antara template dengan data