Digital Alchemy for Materials Design: Colloids and Beyond

Starting with the early alchemists, a holy grail of science has been to make desired materials by modifying the attributes of basic building blocks. Building blocks that show promise for assembling new complex materials can be synthesized at the nanoscale with attributes that would astonish the ancient alchemists in their versatility. However, this versatility means that making direct connection between building block attributes and bulk behavior is both necessary for rationally engineering materials, and difficult because building block attributes can be altered in many ways. Here we show how to exploit the malleability of the valence of colloidal nanoparticle "elements" to directly and quantitatively link building block attributes to bulk behavior through a statistical thermodynamic framework we term "digital alchemy". We use this framework to optimize building blocks for a given target structure, and to determine which building block attributes are most important to control for self assembly, through a set of novel thermodynamic response functions, moduli and susceptibilities. We thereby establish direct links between the attributes of colloidal building blocks and the bulk structures they form. Moreover, our results give concrete solutions to the more general conceptual challenge of optimizing emergent behaviors in nature, and can be applied to other types of matter. As examples, we apply digital alchemy to systems of truncated tetrahedra, rhombic dodecahedra, and isotropically interacting spheres that self assemble diamond, FCC, and icosahedral quasicrystal structures, respectively.Comment: 17 REVTeX pages, title fixed to match journal versio

Microbial biopesticides for integrated crop management : an assessment of environmental and regulatory sustainability

Herbivorous insects and mites, plant diseases and weeds are major impediments to the production of food crops and are increasingly difficult to control with conventional chemicals. This paper focuses on microbial control agents with an emphasis on augmentation. There are marked differences in the availability of products in different countries which can be explained in terms of differences in their regulatory systems. Regulatory failure arises from the application of an inappropriate synthetic pesticides model. An understanding of regulatory innovation is necessary to overcome these problems. Two attempts at remedying regulatory failure in the UK and the Netherlands are assessed. Scientific advances can feed directly into the regulatory process and foster regulatory innovation

Tracking Chart 2008 Fossil in China

The FLA uses Tracking Charts to provide the public with information about the compliance situation of individual factories - the specific problems that were found by monitors and the action taken by participating companies in response to the findings. These charts outline the series of events involved in the FLA independent external monitoring (IEM) process. This tracking chart reports on the Fossil factory in China where numerous violations were recorded by auditors on November 24-25, 2008

Review of medicine registration system in Tanzania

Philosophiae Doctor - PhDRegistration of medicines is an essential function of the national medicine regulatory system of any country. Since the start of the medicine registration system in Tanzania in early 2000s, no systematic review has been carried out to document the status of the system and its impact on availability and access to quality assured medicines to the people of Tanzania

Review of medicine registration system in Tanzania

>Magister Scientiae - MScRegistration of medicines is an essential function of the national medicine regulatory system of any country. Since the start of the medicine registration system in Tanzania in early 2000s, no systematic review has been carried out to document the status of the system and its impact on availability and access to quality assured medicines to the people of Tanzania. Objectives The study was aimed at reviewing the medicine registration system in Tanzania as implemented by the Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority in order to come up with status of the medicine registration system implemented in Tanzania, and evaluate how the system contributes to the availability and access of essential medicines, particularly those needed to support the essential medicines lists and standard treatment guidelines

Project of the underwater system for chemical threat detection

In this article we describe a novel method for the detection of explosives and other hazardous substances in the marine environment using neutron activation. Unlike the other considered methods based on this technique we propose to use guides forneutron and gamma quanta which speeds up and simplifies identification. Moreover, it may provide a determination of the density distribution of a dangerous substance. First preliminary results of Monte Carlo simulations dedicated for design of a device exploiting this method are also presented.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Special Libraries, November 1961

Volume 52, Issue 9https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1961/1008/thumbnail.jp