Cell Utilization Efficiency of Internet Protocol Traffic over Asynchronous Transfer Mode Networks

In the near future, large computer networks will be connection oriented, with at least the data link connectivity being provided by the Asynchronous Transfer Mode. (ATM) networks. However, these networks may have to communicate with the existing network which predominantly use Internet Protocol (IP). Running Internet Protocol over Asynchronous Transfer Mode Network has been a contentious issue due to the inefficient segmentation of Internet Protocol packets into Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cells. In this thesis, the current protocols and standards pertaining to Internet Protocol over Asynchronous Transfer Mode are discussed and overheads involved in placing Internet Protocol packets into Asynchronous Transfer Mode cells, taking Logical Link Control/Sub Network Attachment Point Encapsulation into consideration, are analysed to find out the cell utilization of Asynchronous Transfer Mode cell in carrying the Internet Protocol packets. The Wide Area Network (WAN) oriented traffic for our analysis is collected from the Internet Traffic Archive. Analysis of the trace results show that the Asynchronous Transfer Mode cell utilisation is better in carrying the user information if the Internet Protocol packet are sizes larger. It is observed that ranges of Internet Protocol packets require similar number of Asynchronous Transfer Mode cells. At small values of Internet Protocol packets, the efficiency of Asynchronous Transfer Mode cell in carrying the user information is significantly low due to the Logical Link Control Encapsulation, padding and the trailer overheads. The Asynchronous Transfer Mode Cell utilization is better in Virtual Circuit (VC) based multiplexing, saving 8 bytes of encapsulation for each packet, thus improving the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cell utilization marginally. It is seen that 80% of the Internet Protocol packet length varies from 54 to 200 bytes for which cell utilisation varies from 50%-to 82%. However, the average cell utilisation is 84% in the 20,000 packets observed since 20% of the Internet Protocol packet length is greater than 1000 bytes

IP and ATM - a position paper

This paper gives a technical overview of different networking technologies, such as the Internet, ATM. It describes different approaches of how to run IP on top of an ATM network, and assesses their potential to be used as an integrated services network

IP and ATM - current evolution for integrated services

Current and future applications make use of different technologies as voice, data, and video. Consequently network technologies need to support them. For many years, the ATM based Broadband-ISDN has generally been regarded as the ultimate networking technology, which can integrate voice, data, and video services. With the recent tremendous growth of the Internet and the reluctant deployment of public ATM networks, the future development of ATM seems to be less clear than it used to be. In the past IP provided (and was though to provide) only best effort services, thus, despite its world wide diffution, was not considered as a network solution for multimedia application. Currently many of the IETF working groups work on areas related to integrated services, and IP is also proposing itself as networking technology for supporting voice, data, and video services. This paper give a technical overview on the competing integrated services network solutions, such as IP, ATM and the different available and emerging technologies on how to run IP over ATM, and tries to identify their potential and shortcomings

Digital television applications

Studying development of interactive services for digital television is a leading edge area of work as there is minimal research or precedent to guide their design. Published research is limited and therefore this thesis aims at establishing a set of computing methods using Java and XML technology for future set-top box interactive services. The main issues include middleware architecture, a Java user interface for digital television, content representation and return channel communications. The middleware architecture used was made up of an Application Manager, Application Programming Interface (API), a Java Virtual Machine, etc., which were arranged in a layered model to ensure the interoperability. The application manager was designed to control the lifecycle of Xlets; manage set-top box resources and remote control keys and to adapt the graphical device environment. The architecture of both application manager and Xlet forms the basic framework for running multiple interactive services simultaneously in future set-top box designs. User interface development is more complex for this type of platform (when compared to that for a desktop computer) as many constraints are set on the look and feel (e.g., TV-like and limited buttons). Various aspects of Java user interfaces were studied and my research in this area focused on creating a remote control event model and lightweight drawing components using the Java Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) and Java Media Framework (JMF) together with Extensible Markup Language (XML). Applications were designed aimed at studying the data structure and efficiency of the XML language to define interactive content. Content parsing was designed as a lightweight software module based around two parsers (i.e., SAX parsing and DOM parsing). The still content (i.e., text, images, and graphics) and dynamic content (i.e., hyperlinked text, animations, and forms) can then be modeled and processed efficiently. This thesis also studies interactivity methods using Java APIs via a return channel. Various communication models are also discussed that meet the interactivity requirements for different interactive services. They include URL, Socket, Datagram, and SOAP models which applications can choose to use in order to establish a connection with the service or broadcaster in order to transfer data. This thesis is presented in two parts: The first section gives a general summary of the research and acts as a complement to the second section, which contains a series of related publications.reviewe

Managing data on the World Wide Web : state of the art survey of innovative tools and techniques

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-102).by Prasanth Duvvur.M.S

IP and ATM integration: A New paradigm in multi-service internetworking

ATM is a widespread technology adopted by many to support advanced data communication, in particular efficient Internet services provision. The expected challenges of multimedia communication together with the increasing massive utilization of IP-based applications urgently require redesign of networking solutions in terms of both new functionalities and enhanced performance. However, the networking context is affected by so many changes, and to some extent chaotic growth, that any approach based on a structured and complex top-down architecture is unlikely to be applicable. Instead, an approach based on finding out the best match between realistic service requirements and the pragmatic, intelligent use of technical opportunities made available by the product market seems more appropriate. By following this approach, innovations and improvements can be introduced at different times, not necessarily complying with each other according to a coherent overall design. With the aim of pursuing feasible innovations in the different networking aspects, we look at both IP and ATM internetworking in order to investigating a few of the most crucial topics/ issues related to the IP and ATM integration perspective. This research would also address various means of internetworking the Internet Protocol (IP) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) with an objective of identifying the best possible means of delivering Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multi-service applications, exploiting the meritorious features that IP and ATM have to offer. Although IP and ATM often have been viewed as competitors, their complementary strengths and limitations from a natural alliance that combines the best aspects of both the technologies. For instance, one limitation of ATM networks has been the relatively large gap between the speed of the network paths and the control operations needed to configure those data paths to meet changing user needs. IP\u27s greatest strength, on the other hand, is the inherent flexibility and its capacity to adapt rapidly to changing conditions. These complementary strengths and limitations make it natural to combine IP with ATM to obtain the best that each has to offer. Over time many models and architectures have evolved for IP/ATM internetworking and they have impacted the fundamental thinking in internetworking IP and ATM. These technologies, architectures, models and implementations will be reviewed in greater detail in addressing possible issues in integrating these architectures s in a multi-service, enterprise network. The objective being to make recommendations as to the best means of interworking the two in exploiting the salient features of one another to provide a faster, reliable, scalable, robust, QoS aware network in the most economical manner. How IP will be carried over ATM when a commercial worldwide ATM network is deployed is not addressed and the details of such a network still remain in a state of flux to specify anything concrete. Our research findings culminated with a strong recommendation that the best model to adopt, in light of the impending integrated service requirements of future multi-service environments, is an ATM core with IP at the edges to realize the best of both technologies in delivering QoS guarantees in a seamless manner to any node in the enterprise

Journal of Telecommunications in Higher Education

This Issue: Integrating Networks ATM: It\u27s All That Matters ATM Delivers Voice, Data, Video Cabling the Integrated Network Interview: Robert Collet, Data Services & Network Systems BYU: Striving for Excellence in Telecom Service

Journal of Telecommunications in Higher Education

This Issue: Integrating Networks ATM: It\u27s All That Matters ATM Delivers Voice, Data, Video Cabling the Integrated Network Interview: Robert Collet, Data Services & Network Systems BYU: Striving for Excellence in Telecom Service

Internet Protocol (IP) Multicast: Final Report

Report presents the results of the Institute for Simulation and Training\u27s implementation and integration of new protocols into the Testbed for Research in Distributed Interactive Simulation (TRDIS) testbed, especially the Internet Protocol (IP) Multicast (IPmc) and Internet Group Management Protocol network protocols, into a simulation application