Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Need for its Screening Among Female Healthcare Workers in Oshimili South Local Government Council Area of Delta State, Nigeria

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and the most common among African women. The WHO, recent global cancer statistics indicate a rising global incidence of breast cancer in populations of the developing countries that previously enjoyed a low incidence of the disease. Early detection through mammogram, clinical breast examination (CBE), and breast self examination (BSE) is critical to reducing breast cancer related morbidity and mortality.Objectives: To assess the knowledge, awareness, perception and behavior of female healthcare workers in Oshimili South LGA of Delta State towards breast cancer and its screening.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study done from January to March 2014. Multistage sampling technique was used in the selection of the LGA and study participants. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS version 17.Results: A total of 424 female healthcare workers were interviewed. The mean age was 35.4 years and ranged from 21 to 58 years. A total of 406 respondents (97.1%) were aware of breast cancer; 340(81.3%) practice breast self examination (BSE); 117(41.9%) knew about breast mammography. The commonest source of information about breast cancer was from fellow healthcare workers (45.3%), followed by school (16.5%), and newspaper (14.8%).Conclusion: The study shows a high level of awareness of breast cancer and BSE but a low level of awareness of breast mammography. The level of awareness of breast cancer, the practice of BSE and awareness of breast mammography were all found to increase with increase in age of respondents. The married respondents were more aware of breast cancer and also of breast mammography. Higher educational level was not found to increase awareness of breast cancer, practice of BSE and knowledge of breast mammography.Key words: Breast cancer, knowledge, screenin

Breast Cancer Automatic Diagnosis System using Faster Regional Convolutional Neural Networks

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes of mortality in women. For the early detection of breast cancer, the mammography is used as the most efficient technique to identify abnormalities such as tumors. Automatic detection of tumors in mammograms has become a big challenge and can play a crucial role to assist doctors in order to achieve an accurate diagnosis. State-of-the-art Deep Learning algorithms such as Faster Regional Convolutional Neural Networks are able to determine the presence of an object and also its position inside the image in a reduced computation time. In this work, we evaluate these algorithms to detect tumors in mammogram images and propose a detection system that contains: (1) a preprocessing step performed on mammograms taken from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) and (2) the Neural Network model, which performs feature extraction over the mammograms in order to locate tumors within each image and classify them as malignant or benign. The results obtained show that the proposed algorithm has an accuracy of 97.375%. These results show that the system could be very useful for aiding physicians when detecting tumors from mammogram images.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-77785-

BORDERLINE PHYLLODES TUMOUR

We report a case of 40-year-old woman with a painful lump in the left breast. Mammography revealed a suspicious mass ACR BI-RADS category 4a. Excision biopsy revealed borderline phyllodes tumour. Our case highlights the signi cance of multidisciplinary approach in managing benign breast masses such as phyllodes tumours which have malignant potential and a high rate of recurrence. Key words: Breast ultrasound, mammography, phyllodes breast tumour

A Radial Sclerosing Lesion Mimicking Breast Cancer on Mammography in a Young Woman

A spiculated mass on a mammogram is highly suggestive of malignancy. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman with a radial sclerosing lesion that mimicked breast cancer on mammography. She visited her physician after palpating a lump in her left breast. Mammography showed architectural distortion in the upper inner quadrant of the left breast. Ultrasonography showed a low echoic area with an ambiguous boundary. Core needle biopsy was performed because of the suspicion of malignancy. Histological examination did not reveal any malignant cells. After 6 months, the breast lump became larger and the patient was referred to our hospital. Mammography performed in our hospital showed a spiculated mass, and therefore mammotome biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed dense fibroelastic stroma with a wide variety of mastopathic changes, leading to a diagnosis of a radial sclerosing lesion. One year after the biopsy, the lump on her left breast had disappeared and mammography showed no spiculated mass

Metastatic Thymoma of the Breast

Breast metastasis from nonmammary malignant neoplasms is uncommon, and it accounts for approximately 2% of all breast tumors. Distant metastasis of thymoma is very rare, and especially to extrathorcic areas. We report a female who had a metastatic thymoma in her breast 20 years after undergoing resection for a non-invasive thymoma. She presented with a palpable mass in her left breast. Mammography and ultrasonogram showed a lobular mass at the anterior glandular portion. Histological examination after surgical excision revealed a metastatic thymoma

Malignant phyllodes tumor in the right breast and invasive lobular carcinoma within fibroadenoma in the other: case report

CONTEXT: The malignant variety of the phyllodes tumor is rare. The occurrence of invasive lobular carcinoma within fibroadenoma is rare as well. DESIGN: Case report. CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old black female patient was referred to the Mastology unit of the Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo / Escola Paulista de Medicina, in February 1990, presenting an ulcerated tumor in the right breast with fast growth over the preceding six months. She was a virgin, with meno-pause at the age of 45 years and had not undergone hormone replacement treatment. The physical examination showed, in her right breast, an ulcerated tumor of 20 x 30 cm which was not adher-ent to the muscle level, multilobular and with fibroelastic consistency. The axillary lymph nodes were not palpable. The left breast showed a 2 x 3 cm painless, movable nodule, with well-defined edges, and fibroelastic consistency. We performed left-breast mammography, which showed several nodules with well-defined edges, the largest being 2 x 3 cm and exhibiting rough calcification and grouped microcalcifications within it. The patient underwent a frozen biopsy that showed a malignant variant of the phyllodes tumor in the right breast and fibroadenoma in the left one. After that, we performed a total mastectomy in the right breast and an excision biopsy in the left one. Paraffin study confirmed the frozen biopsy result from the right breast, yet we observed that in the interior of the fibroadenoma that was removed on the left, there was a focal area of invasive lobular carcinoma measuring 0.4 cm. The patient then underwent a modi-fied radical mastectomy with total axillary lymphadenectomy. None of the 21 dissected lymph nodes showed evidence of metastasis. In the follow-up, the patient evolved asymptomatically and with normal physical and laboratory examination results up to July 1997.CONTEXTO: O tumor Phyllodes variedade maligna é raro na literatura. A associação entre fibroadenoma e carcinoma lobular invasivo no seu interior também é rara. OBJETIVO: Descrever a concomitância das três neoplasias na mesma paciente, situação esta ainda não descrita. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Relato de caso. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente de 58 anos, mulher, foi atendida na Unidade de Mastologia do Departamento de Ginecologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) em fevereiro de 1990, apresentando tumor ulcerado na mama direita com rápido crescimento nos últimos seis meses. Era virgem, com menopausa aos 45 anos e não recebeu reposição hormonal. Ao exame físico, tumor ulcerado na mama direita, de 20x30 cm que não estava aderida aos planos musculares, era multilobular e com a consciência fibroelástica. Linfonodos axilares não eram palpáveis. Na mama esquerda, um nódulo móvel de 2x3 cm, com limites bem definidos e consistência fibro-elástica. Foi realizada mamografia na mama esquerda que mostrou vários nódulos de limites bem definidos. O maior de 2x3 cm exibindo calcificação e um grupo de microcalcificações. A biópsia por congelação apresentou uma variação maligna do tumor de phyl-lodes na mama direita e fibroadenoma na esquerda. Foi realizada a mastectomia direita e biopsia excisional esquerda. O exame histopatológico confirmou o resultado da biópsia por congelação da mama direita e apresentou no interior da fibroadenoma da mama esquerda uma área apenas com carcinoma invasivo lobular medindo 0.4 cm. A paciente foi submetida a mastectomia radical com linfadenectomia axilar total. Nenhum dos 21 nódulos dissecados apresentou metástase. No seguimento, a paciente evoluiu assintomática até julho de 1997.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Gynecology DepartmentUNIFESP, EPM, Gynecology DepartmentSciEL