Mapping evidence on knowledge of breast cancer screening and its uptake among women in Ghana: a scoping review

Introduction: Female breast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally with an estimated 2.3 million new cases in 2020. Due to its rising frequency and high mortality rate in both high- and low-income countries, breast cancer has become a global public health issue. This review sought to map literature to present evidence on knowledge of breast cancer screening and its uptake among women in Ghana. Methods: Five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE) were searched to identify relevant published studies between January 2012 and August 2021 on knowledge of breast cancer screening and its uptake among women. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews and the six-stage model by Arksey and O’Malley were used to select and report findings. Results: Of the 65 articles retrieved, 14 records were included for synthesis. The review revealed varied knowledge levels and practices of breast cancer screening among women across a few regions in Ghana. The knowledge level of women on breast cancer screening was high, especially in breast cancer screening practice. Breast cancer screening practice among women was observed to be low and the most identified barriers were lack of technique to practice breast self-examination, having no breast problem, lack of awareness of breast cancer screening, and not having breast cancer risk. The results further showed that good knowledge of breast cancer screening, higher educational level, increasing age, physician recommendation, and household monthly income were enabling factors for breast cancer screening uptake. Conclusion: This review showed varied discrepancies in breast cancer screening uptake across the regions in Ghana. Despite the benefits of breast cancer screening, the utilization of the screening methods across the regions is very low due to some varied barriers from the different regions. To increase the uptake of breast cancer screening, health workers could employ various strategies such as community education and sensitization on the importance of breast cancer screening

Breast density classification with deep convolutional neural networks

Breast density classification is an essential part of breast cancer screening. Although a lot of prior work considered this problem as a task for learning algorithms, to our knowledge, all of them used small and not clinically realistic data both for training and evaluation of their models. In this work, we explore the limits of this task with a data set coming from over 200,000 breast cancer screening exams. We use this data to train and evaluate a strong convolutional neural network classifier. In a reader study, we find that our model can perform this task comparably to a human expert

Breast Cancer Screening in Black and Hispanic Subpopulations

Background: The primary objective was to examine and compare the breast cancer screening adherence rates between black (African American and Afro-Caribbean) and Hispanic (foreign born Hispanic and US-born Hispanic) subpopulations. Methods: Study data was collected in community settings in New York City between the years of 2011-2012. Participants (N=592) were black and Hispanic individuals who attended a breast cancer screening community outreach program. Breast cancer screening rates as well as demographic data were collected. Results: Results revealed that Afro-Caribbean and foreign-born Hispanics are at a greater risk for non-adherence in breast cancer screening compared with African Americans and US-born Hispanics. Conclusions: The majority of breast screening research and community outreach programs categorize people into broad racial and ethnic groups (e.g., black and Hispanic). The results revealed significant variability within these broader racial/ethnic categories with regard to breast cancer screening. Community outreach programs and future research efforts should target the subpopulations that are at particular risk for breast cancer screening non-adherence

Quality and safety considerations in breast cancer screening

Breast cancer is a leading cause of premature mortality among United States women. Early detection has been shown to reduce breast cancer morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment. The relative safety of breast cancer screening has been viewed in terms of benefits and harms. The quality and safety of breast cancer screening depends on both technical and human factors. Focusing on quality and safety considerations, we review two imaging modalities recommended for primary breast cancer screening: mammography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the use of ultrasound (US) for supplemental breast cancer screening

Rastreio Anual de Cancro da Mama a Partir dos 40 Anos de Idade: Porque é que Portugal o Deve Implementar?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Knowledge and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening and Awareness of Its Risk Factors Among Reproductive Women of Jammu and Kashmir

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among women worldwide, therefore, it becomes necessary to understand the breast cancer literacy among women. Breast cancer literacy includes knowledge of breast cancer screening, practice of breast cancer screening and awareness of breast cancer risk factors. OBJECTIVES: To determine level of awareness and practice of breast cancer screening, to assess level of awareness of breast cancer risk factors and to establish role of demographics in uptake and knowledge of breast cancer screening. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this study, reproductive women were taken and questionnaires given were filled by 381 respondents. Relevant questions were asked keeping in view the objectives. Role of age and maximum education of women was also established. RESULTS: It was found that majority of women who were aware of breast cancer screening belonged to age-group 21-30 having mean of 56.19% and also showed higher practice of the same as compared to others (mean=50.1%) followed by women belonging to age-group 31-40 whose knowledge mean came out to be 25.5% and mean of practice was found to be 35.26%. The other two age groups of 15-20 and 41-45 showed low knowledge and less practice of breast cancer screening. Similar results were found out for other parameter. CONCLUSION: Women whose maximum education was graduate and above showed higher level of awareness of breast cancer screening and risk factors and also higher practice of breast cancer screening as compared to women who had lower educational background

Double reading in breast cancer screening : cohort evaluation in the CO-OPS trial

Purpose: To investigate the effect of double readings by a second radiologist on recall rates, cancer detection and characteristics of cancers detected in the National Health Service Breast Screening Program in England. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis we evaluated 805,206 women through screening and diagnostic test results by extracting one year of routine data from 33 English breast screening centers. Centers used double reading of digital mammograms, with arbitration if there were discrepant reads. Information on reader decisions, with results of follow-up tests, were used to explore the effect of the second reader. The statistical tests used were the test for equality of proportions, the χ2 test for independence and the t-test. Results: The first reader recalled 4·76%, (38295/805206, 95% CI 4·71%-4·80%) of women. Two readers recalled 6·19% in total, (49857/805206, 95% CI 6·14%- 6·24%), but arbitration of discordant reads reduced recall rate to 4·08%, (32863/805206, 95% CI 4·04%-4·12%, p<0.001). 7055 cancers were detected of which 627 (8·89%, 95% CI 8·22%-9·55%, p<0.001) were detected by the second reader only. These additional cancers were more likely to be ductal carcinoma in situ, (30·5% (183/600) vs 22.0% (1344/6114), p<0.001); and additional invasive cancers were smaller (mean 14·2mm vs 16·7mm, p<0.001), had fewer involved nodes, and were likely to be lower grade. Conclusion: Double reading with arbitration reduces recall and increases cancer detection compared to single reading. Cancers detected only by the second reader were smaller, lower grade, and had less nodal involvement

Are there socioeconomic gradients in stage and grade of breast cancer at diagnosis? Cross sectional analysis of UK cancer registry data

Socioeconomic gradients in uptake of breast cancer screening in the United Kingdom should, intuitively, lead to socioeconomic gradients in disease progression at diagnosis. However, studies have found little evidence of such an effect. Although this could be interpreted as evidence that socioeconomic gradients in uptake of screening do not have clinically important consequences, all of the published studies have used data from before (pre-1988) or during the early stages (1988-95) of implementation of the national breast cancer screening programme. We investigated the relation between socioeconomic position and progression of breast cancer at diagnosis by using recent data from the Northern and Yorkshire Cancer Registry and Information Service (NYCRIS), which is estimated to achieve around 93% ascertainment

Breast cancer screening behaviors and beliefs in college women

Despite recommendations by health professionals and the American Cancer Society, few women perform breast self-examinations (BSE) or have clinical breast examinations (CBE) on a regular basis. The current study used self-reports from 453 college women under 30 years of age to investigate factors that may influence breast cancer screening behaviors. Examiners and non-examiners were compared on a series of variables: (1) health beliefs and practices (personal risk estimates for breast cancer, risk reduction expectancies, perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, perceived seriousness of breast cancer, perceived benefits of BSE, perceived barriers to BSE, confidence in performing BSE, general health motivation, the extent to which others influence breast cancer screening behavior, and knowledge of breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices) and (2) psychological well-being (somatic amplification, general mental health, optimism/pessimism, and social support). Results indicated that breast screening behavior is related to (1) the perception of benefits of breast cancer screening; (2) reduced perception of barriers to breast cancer screening; (3) higher risk reduction expectancies; (4) the influence of doctors and nurses, and (5) knowledge tests about breast cancer and breast cancer screening. Psychological well-being variables were not related to screening behavior