La cenere e la lacrima. Per raccontare il massacro degli ebrei di Kiev

In her last study Antonella Salomoni investigates the memory of the massacre of the Kiev’s Jews, which took place between the 29th-30th of September 1941, and which was perpetrated by the Nazi occupying forces, supported by local Ukrainian collaborators. The official and public discourse during the Soviet time put the emphasis on the common heroic struggle of the Soviet people against the Nazi aggression, silencing or even negating the proper anti-Semitic nature of the mass-killing. The study provides a sophisticated examination of the artistic voices which took shape in the field of poetry, music and painting, and which undertook a struggle with Soviet authorities in order to remember those facts. Notwithstanding the great emotive and professional difficulties they had to suffer, those authors contrasted the official efforts of removing – even physically – the traces and memory of the massacre.Antonella Salomoni investigates the memory of the massacre of Kiev's Jews, which took place between the 29th-30th of September 1941, and which was perpetrated by the Nazi occupying forces, supported by local Ukrainian collaborators. The official and public discourse during the Soviet era put the emphasis on the common heroic struggle of the Soviet people against the Nazi aggression, silencing or even negating the actual anti-Semitic nature of the mass-killing. The study provides a sophisticated examination of the artistic voices which took shape in the field of poetry, music and painting, and which undertook a struggle with Soviet authorities in order to remember those facts. Notwithstanding the great emotive and professional difficulties they had to suffer, these authors fought against the official efforts at removing - even physically - the traces and memory of the massacre

Bordering the Past: The Elusive Presences of the Holocaust in Socialist Macedonia and Socialist Bulgaria

Much public controversy has surrounded the discussion of the Holocaust in Bulgaria during the Second World War. Whilst about 48,000 Bulgarian Jews from Bulgaria (in its pre-1941 boundaries) were not deported and survived the war, an estimated 11,343 Jews in the territories of Yugoslavia and Greece occupied by Bulgaria in April 1941 were rounded up, deported and later exterminated. Key issues in these disputes over the past revolve around the pondering of Bulgaria and Germany’s respective responsibilities in the deportations, as well as the reasons behind the diverging fate of the Jews in the “old” and “new” kingdoms. In examining the historiography and memory policies relating to the Holocaust in Yugoslav Macedonia and Bulgaria, the present paper demonstrates that a similar reconsideration might also be warranted in Southeast Europe

Bordering the Past: The Elusive Presences of the Holocaust in Socialist Macedonia and Socialist Bulgaria

Much public controversy has surrounded the discussion of the Holocaust in Bulgariaduring the Second World War. Whilst about 48,000 Bulgarian Jews from Bulgaria (in itspre-1941 boundaries) were not deported and survived the war, an estimated 11,343 Jewsin the territories of Yugoslavia and Greece occupied by Bulgaria in April 1941 were roundedup, deported and later exterminated. Key issues in these disputes over the past revolvearound the pondering of Bulgaria and Germany’s respective responsibilities in the deportations,as well as the reasons behind the diverging fate of the Jews in the “old” and “new”kingdoms. In examining the historiography and memory policies relating to the Holocaustin Yugoslav Macedonia and Bulgaria, the present paper demonstrates that a similar reconsiderationmight also be warranted in Southeast Europe

Les minorites dans les Balkans

Special Editions 111. Institute for Balkan Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Art

(Re)Placing America: Cold War Mapping and the Mediation of International Space

The United States emerged from World War II as an undeniably global power, and as the Cold War unfolded, America faced decisions about where to place and display its power on the globe. The Cold War was a battle between two ideologies and competing world systems, both of which were vying for space and had the tools and technologies to control those spaces. Maps became a central vehicle for the testing of these new boundaries. Mapping projects and programs emerged from a variety of popular cartographers, foreign policy strategists, defense leaders, Congressional representatives, scientists, oppositional movements, labor unions, educational publishers, even everyday citizens. As each of these sources confirms, the scope of American commitments had expanded considerably; to account for this expansion, a cartographic impulse underwrote the continually evolving Cold War, and the tensions of art and science, realism and idealism, and space and place inherent in this impulse helped form the fault lines of the conflict. (Re)Placing America looks largely at the ways that cartography adapted to such changes and tensions in the second half of the twentieth century, and how the United States marshaled the practice of mapping in a variety of ways to account for the shift to internationalism. This dissertation explores how cartography mediated visions of space, and particularly, how it defined America's place within those spaces. Treating cartography as a complex rhetorical process of production, display, and circulation, the five chapters cover major geopolitical thematics, and the responding evolution of maps, from World War II until the Cold War's end in the early 1990s. Some of these driving themes include the "air-age" expansion of visual perspectives and strategic potential in journalistic maps; the appropriation of cartography as a medium for intelligence and national security objectives; the marshaling of maps as evidential weapons against the Soviet Union in diplomatic exchanges, Congressional reports, and government-sponsored propaganda; the shifts from East/West antagonisms to North/South ones as cartography was drafted into the modernization efforts of the U.S. in mapping the Third World; and the Defense Department's use of maps to argue for nuclear deterrence, while protest groups made radical cartographic challenges to these practices of state power. (Re)Placing America reads closely the maps of the forty-years-plus conflict and considers the complexity of their internal codes (in colors, shapes, icons, etc.), while also reaching out externally to the intersecting interests and visions of the cartographic producers and the Cold War contexts in which they emerged. The project seeks out and explores particular nodal points and thematics where maps consolidated and shaped changing shifts in perception, where cartographic fragments cohered around the defining moments, but also sometimes in the everyday politics of the Cold War. Ultimately, this project offers four conclusions about and conduct and operation of American mapping during the complex, ideologically charged time of the Cold War. First, the function of the map to both "fix" and "unfix" particular perceptions of the world is relevant to assessing how America sought to stabilize its place in a rapidly changing world. Second, the internationalism of the Cold War was bound up in the capacities for cartography to document and adapt to it. Third, the humanistic notion of a geographical imagination is central to understanding why particular Cold War agents and institutions continually drew on cartography to represent their interests. Finally, combining an ideological approach to reading maps as articulators of contextual tensions and historical ideas with an instrumental approach to maps as material, strategic documents can best help to situate cartography as an ongoing process of production, circulation, and display

Passages

The study of literature and culture is marked by various distinct understandings of passages – both as phenomena and critical concepts. These include the anthropological notion of rites of passage, the shopping arcades (Passagen) theorized by Walter Benjamin, the Middle Passage of the Atlantic slave trade, present-day forms of migration and resettlement, and understandings of translation and adaptation. Whether structural, semiotic, spatial/geographic, temporal, existential, societal or institutional, passages refer to processes of (status) change. They enable entrances and exits, arrivals and departures, while they also foster moments of liminality and suspension. They connect and thereby engender difference. This volume is an exploration of passages as contexts and processes within which liminal experiences and encounters are situated. It aims to foster a concept-based, interdisciplinary dialogue on how to approach and theorize such a term. Based on the premise that concepts travel through times, contexts and discursive settings, a conceptual approach to passages provides the authors of this volume with the analytical tools to (re-)focus their research questions and create a meaningful exchange across disciplinary, national and linguistic boundaries. Contributions from senior scholars and early-career researchers whose work focuses on areas such as cultural memory, performativity, space, media, (cultural) translation, ecocriticism, gender and race utilize specific understandings of passages and liminality, reflecting on their value and limits for their research