Перспективи технології блокчейн в медичний сфері

В останнє десятиліття блокчейн стає однією з найперспективніших технологій, яка привертає увагу академічних досліджень і різноманітних сфер промисловості. Блокчейн — однорангова мережа, в якій фіксуються транзакції, і незмінність якої гарантується сукупністю користувачів (комп’ютерів), без участі централізованого органу. Мережа блокчейн складається з упорядкованих записів, організованих у блочну структуру. Кожен блок даних містить хеш (унікальний ідентифікатор), пакети останніх транзакцій із мітками часу та хеш попереднього блоку. Тож власне ланцюг, в якому кожен попередній блок з’єднаний у хронологічному порядку з наступним, і називають блокчейном

The deployment of the blockchain in a transportation network

The motivation for writing the article was better understanding of opportunities from implementation of the blockchain. Although the block chain as a foundational technology could make the paradigm shift in many industries its successful deployments are still in their infancy. The scope of research encompasses business to business transportation network for which concept of deployment of blockchain was developed and verified with practitioners. The used methods embrace literature review which was the background to conduct research including structured interviews, semi structured interviews, unstructured interviews, participant and non-participant observation. Supporting the visibility platform with consensus achieving as well as scenarios that follow smart contracts are opportunities within which blockchain technology can help to unlock value in a transportation network, a part of supply chain. Block chain is to be deployed as the part solutions supporting less futuristic solutions and the process of deployment the process of adoption will be graduał and steady

Towards a Digital Workflow Solution for Cradle-To-Gate Sustainability Information in Textile Value Chains

Sustainability aspects and their verification are becoming indispensable for companies in the textile industry from both an economic and a legal perspective. The reason for this is that there is a large number of different certificates, specifications, and labels, such as Global Organic Textile Standard, Fairtrade, or OekoTex, as well as legislation, such as the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains issued in 2021. Hence, the requirements for keeping the proof, e.g. for the batch-accurate world-wide tracing of organic cotton for clothing, or for the necessary transparency to determine the carbon footprint or the recycling percentage, are becoming more and more associated with considerable effort, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Depending on the certificate or specification, SMEs need not only to determine their own sustainability information (gate-to-gate), but also that of the upstream stages of the value chain (cradle-to-gate). The multi-stage value chains of the SME-dominated textile industry, together with the vast and fast-changing variety of materials and products, lead to high complexity in processes and communication. In addition, when confronted with batch-related sustainability criteria and a variety of sustainability and labelling requests from different customers, SMEs have to spend an increasing amount of time and effort on the reliable provision and communication of the respective information. The paper describes the challenges and existing approaches, e.g. the use of blockchain technology, associated with the provision of cradle-to-gate sustainability information in textile SMEs and proposes a holistic framework enabling SMEs along the value chain to configure and implement an infrastructure for efficient, fully digital cloud-ready workflow, based on process models and textile product master trees, in order to address these challenges

Integration of IoT devices via a blockchain-based decentralized application

Blockchains are shared, immutable ledgers for recording the history of transactions. They foster a new generation of transactional applications that establish trust, accountability, and transparency. It enables contract partners to secure a deal without involving a trusted third party. Initially, the focus was on financial industry for digital assets trading like Bitcoin, but with the emergence of Smart Contracts, blockchain becomes a complete programmable platform. Many research and commercial organization start diving into blockchain world, bringing new ideas of its application in different sectors like supply chain, Health, and autonomous shopping. This thesis presents an idea to integrate Internet of Things (IoT) devices via a blockchain based decentralize application based on Ethereum. The application consists of front-end application which can be deployed to any web server, and a smart contract which will be deployed on a private blockchain network comprises of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) connected IoT devices acting as full Ethereum node. The application emulates the digital transport ticketing system where the asset is a ticket which can be purchased and paid by the user using ether in their Ethereum account on the blockchain. Once the purchase transaction is mined, it is propagated to all the peers. Ticket can now be accessed locally without requesting any centralized system, which makes the system easily accessible and safe because of the security, data integrity and decentralization of the blockchain-based systems

A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain-Based Traceability Solutions

Blockchain technology shows great potential in providing object-related end-to-end traceability in complex multitiered supply networks. However, the first systematic literature reviews indicate the immaturity of current blockchain-based solutions and highlight difficulties in assessing their object traceability capabilities. Therefore, this paper provides a systematic literature review of blockchain-based traceability solutions and analyses their object-related mapping capabilities. As the systematic literature reveals, the vast majority of the identified traceability solutions deal with low-complexity architectures without the ability to map objects' compositional changes. Here, food and medical supply chains represent the most dominant domains. Supply chains in the automotive and manufacturing domain place the highest requirements for mapping object-related supply chain events. In this context, solutions incorporating the tokenisation of objects show the most advanced object-related mapping capabilities. However, the identified advanced solutions show limitations regarding their ability to map object deletions, aggregations, and disaggregations. Furthermore, current blockchain-based traceability solutions provide only limited validations based on industrial case studies

IoT–smart contracts in data trusted exchange supplied chain based on block chain

Internet of Things (IoT) assumes a critical part in the advancement of different fields. The IoT data trusted exchange in recent year extend of uses influence an awesome request and increasing scale. In such a platform, exchange the data sets that they require and specialist organization can search. However, the enough trust as the third-party mediators for data exchange in centralized infrastructure cannot provide. This paper proposes a blockchain for IoT data trusted exchange based on decentralized solution. In particular, the fundamental standards of blockchain in verify manner, individuals can communicate with each other without a confided in mediator intermediary. Blockchain enable us to have a distributed, digital ledger. IoT (Internet of Things) sensor devices (zigbee) utilizing blockchain technology to assert public availability of temperature records, tracking location shipment, humidity, preventing damage, data immutability. The sensor devices looking the temperature, location, damage of each parcel during the shipment to completely guarantee directions. In blockchain all data is got moved from one position to another, where a smart contract assesses against the product attributes. Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts atlast it gets through knowledge a design to be copied and presents its decentralized distributed digital ledger, auditable, transparent, features visually

On the Design of a Blockchain-based Fraud-prevention Performance Appraisal System

 The job recruitment process takes a lot of process and number of documents. It is very well known for applicants to exaggerated and falsify their work history data. It may put a company at legal risk and significant commercial losses. Generally, company use third-party to verify applicant’s work history data which is time-consuming and costly. It also makes companies relies on third-party which may not trustworthy and cause several other risks. Generally, experience letters is used as a proof of work history documents of employee. However, the process of publishing an experience letter may contain conflict of interest between company and employee. Yet, publishing an experience letter is not mandatory in several places. In this research, we propose a system to verify applicant’s work history data by using performance appraisal as proof of work history and utilizing Blockchain to provide secure system, tampered-proof and real-time verification. The proposed approach also minimizes trust issues and privacy of data sharing by adding encryption and digital signature schema using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm. Furthermore, we have implemented a prototype to demonstrate how the proposed system work using a Quorum-based consortium blockchain

Business Process Compliance and Blockchain: How Does the Ethereum Blockchain Address Challenges of Business Process Compliance?

Second generation blockchain technologies such as Ethereum can be used not only for financial transactions but also for cross-organizational processes, for applications in the pharmaceutical industry and even in the field of Business Process Compliance (BPC). However, there are many challenges in the field of BPC. Thus, we raised the following research question: How does the Ethereum blockchain address challenges of BPC? To answer this question, we conducted a structured literature review to identify challenges in BPC as well as features of the Ethereum blockchain that may solve the selected BPC challenges. As a result, we identified 21 BPC challenges and categorized these into legal, organizational, human-centered, technical and economic challenges. We found that the technical and organizational BPC challenges were those that Ethereum could best solve, while human-centered challenges could be less well addressed. Furthermore, the implementation of the Ethereum blockchain leads to additional challenges, such as the immutability of illegal content within the Ethereum blockchain or the error-proneness and zero-defect tolerance of smart contracts