Towards Optimal Copyright Protection Using Neural Networks Based Digital Image Watermarking

In the field of digital watermarking, digital image watermarking for copyright protection has attracted a lot of attention in the research community. Digital watermarking contains varies techniques for protecting the digital content. Among all those techniques,Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) provides higher image imperceptibility and robustness. Over the years, researchers have been designing watermarking techniques with robustness in mind, in order for the watermark to be resistant against any image processing techniques. Furthermore, the requirements of a good watermarking technique includes a tradeoff between robustness, image quality (imperceptibility) and capacity. In this paper, we have done an extensive literature review for the existing DWT techniques and those combined with other techniques such as Neural Networks. In addition to that, we have discuss the contribution of Neural Networks in copyright protection. Finally we reached our goal in which we identified the research gaps existed in the current watermarking schemes. So that, it will be easily to obtain an optimal techniques to make the watermark object robust to attacks while maintaining the imperceptibility to enhance the copyright protection

A Color Image Watermarking Scheme Based On QR Factorization, Logistic and Lorentz Chaotic Maps

Most of the existing color image watermarking schemes use grayscale or binary image as watermark because color image watermark has more data than grayscale or binary watermark. Therefore, it is a challenging issue to design a color image-watermarking scheme. This paper proposes a novel color image watermarking scheme to embed color image watermark into color host image. In watermarking schemes, first divide the host and watermark image into non-overlapping blocks, apply the Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) on each blocks of both watermark, and host image. After that QR Factorization, apply on the each blocks of watermark. In this paper, Logistic and Lorentz chaotic maps are usedfor estimating the embedding strength and location. The experimental results reveal that this watermarking scheme is robust against different image processing attacks viz. cropping, contrast adjustment and coloring

Contextual biometric watermarking of fingerprint images

This research presents contextual digital watermarking techniques using face and demographic text data as multiple watermarks for protecting the evidentiary integrity of fingerprint image. The proposed techniques embed the watermarks into selected regions of fingerprint image in MDCT and DWT domains. A general image watermarking algorithm is developed to investigate the application of MDCT in the elimination of blocking artifacts. The application of MDCT has improved the performance of the watermarking technique compared to DCT. Experimental results show that modifications to fingerprint image are visually imperceptible and maintain the minutiae detail. The integrity of the fingerprint image is verified through high matching score obtained from the AFIS system. There is also a high degree of correlation between the embedded and extracted watermarks. The degree of similarity is computed using pixel-based metrics and human visual system metrics. It is useful for personal identification and establishing digital chain of custody. The results also show that the proposed watermarking technique is resilient to common image modifications that occur during electronic fingerprint transmission

Zero watermarking scheme for privacy protection in e-Health care

E-health care is an emerging field where health services and information are delivered and offered over the Internet. So the health information of the patients communicated over the Internet has to protect the privacy of the patients. The patient information is embedded into the health record and communicated online which also induces degradation to the original information. So, in this article, a zero watermarking scheme for privacy protection is proposed which protects the privacy and also eliminates the degradation done during embedding of patient information into the health record. This method is based on simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) superpixels and partial pivoting lower triangular upper triangular (PPLU) factorization. The novelty of this article is that the use of SLIC superpixels and PPLU decomposition for the privacy protection of medical images (MI). The original image is subjected to SLIC segmentation and non-overlapping high entropy blocks are selected. On the selected blocks discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied and those blocks undergo PPLU factorization to get three matrices, L, U and P, which are lower triangular, upper triangular and permutation matrix respectively. The product matrix L×U is used to construct a zero-watermark. The technique has been experimented on the UCID, BOWS and SIPI databases. The test results demonstrate that this work shows high robustness which is measured using normalized correlation (NC) and bit error rate (BER) against the listed attacks

Integrasi Discrete Wavelet Transform dan Singular Value Decomposition pada Watermarking Citra untuk Perlindungan Hak Cipta

Tren masalah watermarking pada sekarang ini adalah bagaimana mengoptimalkan trade-off antara imperceptibility (visibilitas) citra ter-watermark terhadap pengaruh distorsi dan robustness terhadap penyisipan watermark. Masalah menggunakan kekuatan penyisipan berdasarkan Single Scaling Factor (SSF) atau Multiple Scaling Factor (MSF) juga ditemukan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode penyisipan watermark untuk perlindungan hak cipta pada citra dan algoritma ekstraksi citra ter-watermark yang dioptimalkan dengan penggabungan Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) dan Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Nilai-nilai singular dari LL3 koefisien sub-band dari citra host dimodifikasi menggunakan nilai tunggal citra watermark biner menggunakan MSFs. Kontribusi utama dari skema yang diusulkan adalah aplikasi DWT-SVD untuk mengidentifikasi beberapa faktor skala yang optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skema yang diusulkan menghasilkan nilai Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) yang tinggi, yang menunjukkan bahwa kualitas visual gambar yang baik pada masalah citra watermarking telah mengoptimalkan trade-off. Trade-off antara imperceptibility (visibilitas) citra ter-watermark terhadap pengaruh distorsi dan robustness citra ter-watermark terhadap operasi pengolahan citra. Nilai PSNR yang didapat pada citra yang diujikan: baboon=53,184; boat=53,328; cameraman=53,700; lena=53,668; man=53,328; dan pepper sebesar 52,662. Delapan perlakuan khusus pada hasil citra ter-watermark diujikan dan diekstraksi kembali yaitu JPEG 5%, Noise 5%, Gaussian filter 3x3, Sharpening, Histogram Equalization, Scaling 512-256, Gray Quantitation 1bit, dan Cropping 1/8. Hasil dari perlakuan khusus kemudian diukur nilai Normalized Cross-Correlation (NC) yang menghasilkan rata-rata semua citra diperoleh sebesar 0,999 dari satu. Hasil penelitian dari metode yang diusulkan lebih unggul nilai PSNR dan NC dari penelitian sebelumnya. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan dengan metode DWT-SVD ini mampu menghasilkan citra yang robust namun memiliki tingkat imperceptibility yang cukup tinggi

A Hybrid Digital Watermarking Approach Using Wavelets and LSB

The present paper proposed a novel approach called Wavelet based Least Significant Bit Watermarking (WLSBWM) for high authentication, security and copyright protection. Alphabet Pattern (AP) approach is used to generate shuffled image in the first stage and Pell’s Cat Map (PCM) is used for providing more security and strong protection from attacks. PCM applied on each 5×5 sub images. A wavelet concept is used to reduce the dimensionality of the image until it equals to the size of the watermark image. Discrete Cosign Transform is applied in the first stage; later N level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is applied for reducing up to the size of the watermark image. The water mark image is inserted in LHn Sub band of the wavelet image using LSB concept. Simulation results show that the proposed technique produces better PSNR and similarity measure. The experimental results indicate that the present approach is more reliable and secure efficient.The robustness of the proposed scheme is evaluated against various image-processing attacks

Secure watermarking scheme for color DICOM images in telemedicine applications

Teleradiology plays a vital role in the medical field, which permits transmitting medical and imaging data over a communication network. It ensures data reliability and provides convenient communication for clinical interpretation and diagnostic purposes. The transmission of this medical data over a network raises the problems of legal, ethical issues, privacy, and copyright authenticity. The copyright protection of medical images is a significant issue in the medical field. Watermarking schemes are used to address these issues. A gray-level or binary image is used as a watermark frequently in color image watermarking schemes. In this paper, the authors propose a novel non-blind medical image watermarking scheme based on 2-D Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT), Multiresolution Singular Value Decomposition (MSVD), and LU factorization to improve the robustness and authenticity of medical images. In this scheme, multiple color watermarks are embedded into the colored DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) images obtained from Color Doppler images (DICOM format), and the average results achieved by our proposed scheme is 46.84 db for Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), 37.46 db for Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), 0.99 for Quality of Image and 0.998 for Normalized Correlation for various image processing attacks. These results make our watermarking technique an ideal candidate for medical image watermarking