Series, Weighted Automata, Probabilistic Automata and Probability Distributions for Unranked Trees.

We study tree series and weighted tree automata over unranked trees. The message is that recognizable tree series for unranked trees can be defined and studied from recognizable tree series for binary representations of unranked trees. For this we prove results of Denis et al (2007) as follows. We extend hedge automata -- a class of tree automata for unranked trees -- to weighted hedge automata. We define weighted stepwise automata as weighted tree automata for binary representations of unranked trees. We show that recognizable tree series can be equivalently defined by weighted hedge automata or weighted stepwise automata. Then we consider real-valued tree series and weighted tree automata over the field of real numbers. We show that the result also holds for probabilistic automata -- weighted automata with normalisation conditions for rules. We also define convergent tree series and show that convergence properties for recognizable tree series are preserved via binary encoding. From Etessami and Yannakakis (2009), we present decidability results on probabilistic tree automata and algorithms for computing sums of convergent series. Last we show that streaming algorithms for unranked trees can be seen as slight transformations of algorithms on the binary representations

Logic and Automata

Mathematical logic and automata theory are two scientific disciplines with a fundamentally close relationship. The authors of Logic and Automata take the occasion of the sixtieth birthday of Wolfgang Thomas to present a tour d'horizon of automata theory and logic. The twenty papers in this volume cover many different facets of logic and automata theory, emphasizing the connections to other disciplines such as games, algorithms, and semigroup theory, as well as discussing current challenges in the field

Weighted Tree Automata -- May it be a little more?

This is a book on weighted tree automata. We present the basic definitions and some of the important results in a coherent form with full proofs. The concept of weighted tree automata is part of Automata Theory and it touches the area of Universal Algebra. It originated from two sources: weighted string automata and finite-state tree automata

Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2021, which was held during March 27 until April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 28 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. They deal with research on theories and methods to support the analysis, integration, synthesis, transformation, and verification of programs and software systems