Energy-aware Resource Allocating Mechanism Based on MAC/PHY for Wireless Network

针对无线网络服务能耗较高的问题,提出了一种基于机会主义的能量感知调度方案(OEARS)。首先,该方法将资源分配过程中的能耗和其他自然因素同时考虑; ,采用一种称为MAC/PHY机会主义方法对系统吞吐量进行优化;然后,利用唤醒-休眠模式和信道条件进行实现能耗最小化,并利用物理层信息提高系统容量; ,最大化能量效率。仿真实验结果表明,在保持接近的系统性能的前提下,OEARS的能耗低于现有的其他调度方案。Aimed at the problem of high energy consumption of wireless network; service, an energy-aware resource scheduling scheme-OEARS based on the; opportunism is proposed. Firstly, this method considers the energy; consumption and other natural factors in the process of resource; allocation. An opportunistic approach called MAC/PHY is used to optimize; the system throughput. Then, the energy consumption is minimized by; using the wake-sleep mode and the channel condition, and the physical; layer information is used to improve the system capacity and maximize; the energy efficiency. The simulation results show that the energy; consumption of OEARS is lower than that of other existing scheduling; schemes on the premise of keeping the close system performance.国家自然科学基金面上项目; 广东省教育部科技部中国科学院产学研结合项

IEEE Access Special Section Editorial: Wirelessly Powered Networks, and Technologies

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is, by definition, a process that occurs in any system where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to a load without the connection of electrical conductors. WPT is the driving technology that will enable the next stage in the current consumer electronics revolution, including battery-less sensors, passive RF identification (RFID), passive wireless sensors, the Internet of Things and 5G, and machine-to-machine solutions. WPT-enabled devices can be powered by harvesting energy from the surroundings, including electromagnetic (EM) energy, leading to a new communication networks paradigm, the Wirelessly Powered Networks

Future Wireless Networks: Towards Learning-driven Sixth-generation Wireless Communications

The evolution of wireless communication networks, from present to the emerging fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR), and sixth-generation (6G) is inevitable, yet propitious. The thesis evolves around application of machine learning and optimization techniques to problems in spectrum management, internet-of-things (IoT), physical layer security, and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). The first problem explores License Assisted Access (LAA), which leverages unlicensed resource sharing with the Wi-Fi network as a promising technique to address the spectrum scarcity issue in wireless networks. An optimal communication policy is devised which maximizes the throughput performance of LAA network while guaranteeing a proportionally fair performance among LAA stations and a fair share for Wi-Fi stations. The numerical results demonstrate more than 75 % improvement in the LAA throughput and a notable gain of 8-9 % in the fairness index. Next, we investigate the unlicensed spectrum sharing for bandwidth hungry diverse IoT networks in 5G NR. An efficient coexistence mechanism based on the idea of adaptive initial sensing duration (ISD) is proposed to enhance the diverse IoT-NR network performance while keeping the primary Wi-Fi network's performance to a bearable threshold. A Q-learning (QL) based algorithm is devised to maximize the normalized sum throughput of the coexistence Wi-Fi/IoT-NR network. The results confirm a maximum throughput gain of 51 % and ensure that the Wi-Fi network's performance remains intact. Finally, advanced levels of network security are critical to maintain due to severe signal attenuation at higher frequencies of 6G wireless communication. Thus, an IRS-based model is proposed to address the issue of network security under trusted-untrusted device diversity, where the untrusted devices may potentially eavesdrop on the trusted devices. A deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is devised to jointly optimize the active and passive beamforming matrices. The results confirm a maximum gain of 2-2.5 times in the sum secrecy rate of trusted devices and ensure Quality-of-Service (QoS) for all the devices. In conclusion, the thesis has led towards efficient, secure, and smart communication and build foundation to address similar complex wireless networks

Resource Allocation for Interference Management in Wireless Networks

Interference in wireless networks is a major problem that impacts system performance quite substantially. Combined with the fact that the spectrum is limited and scarce, the performance and reliability of wireless systems significantly deteriorates and, hence, communication sessions are put at the risk of failure. In an attempt to make transmissions resilient to interference and, accordingly, design robust wireless systems, a diverse set of interference mitigation techniques are investigated in this dissertation. Depending on the rationale motivating the interfering node, interference can be divided into two categories, communication and jamming. For communication interference such as the interference created by legacy users(e.g., primary user transmitters in a cognitive radio network) at non-legacy or unlicensed users(e.g.,secondary user receivers), two mitigation techniques are presented in this dissertation. One exploits permutation trellis codes combined with M-ary frequency shift keying in order to make SU transmissions resilient to PUs’ interference, while the other utilizes frequency allocation as a mitigation technique against SU interference using Matching theory. For jamming interference, two mitigation techniques are also investigated here. One technique exploits time and structures a jammer mitigation framework through an automatic repeat request protocol. The other one utilizes power and, following a game-theoretic framework, employs a defense strategy against jamming based on a strategic power allocation. Superior performance of all of the proposed mitigation techniques is shown via numerical results

Spectrum sharing for wireless communication subject to regulatory constraints on power

Spectrum is or soon will be a scarce asset, and hence methods for effciently sharing spectrum are important. Concern about the possible effects of wireless radiation on health are also growing because of the widespread and growing use of devices that communicate wirelessly. Although some of this concern can be attributed to illinformed alarm, international agreements and industry standards recognise the need for prudence in managing exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). When efficient shared use of spectrum is investigated, it is necessary to consider why the power available for wireless transmission is limited, and how this limitation on available power is expressed, and therefore the issue of spectrum sharing cannot be addressed without taking into account safety-related constraints on power. EMF levels need to be regulated to levels well below levels where there might be harm and therefore below the internationally agreed EMF exposure limit standards. Hence, we do not expect to see any health effects at these levels. In Chapter 3 of this dissertation, it is argued that for the safety of human health, we should assume that there must be constraints on the power, or EMF, used at each device participating in the shared communication. These constraints on EMF affect the way we share the spectrum. The way these regulations are expressed needs great care because it will have an effect on the design of the wireless communication systems. In Chapter 4, a Spread Spectrum-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (SS-OFDM) model is developed for efficient sharing of the spectrum among nearby users. Efficient sharing is shown to be consistent with nearby WiFi domains appearing as noise to each other (which is the characteristic property of spread-spectrum). In Chapter 5, we assume that there must be constraints on the power, or EMF, used at each device participating in the shared communication. This thesis considers five different forms of power/EMF constraint and compares the sum-throughput achieved by all devices, under these different constraints. Note that the five different approaches to meeting power/EMF constraints that are considered here vary slightly in the way the constraint is expressed, but also, and this is the more significant aspect, in the way in which the constraint is enforced. These five approaches are; Carrier-Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) method, Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), EMF limited, SS-OFDM, and mutually interfering. In Chapter 6, cross-subchannel noise in OFDMA is modelled, which shows that nearby systems interfere with each other to a greater degree than might be expected. Conclusions are presented in Chapter 7

Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin

Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin