Prevention of perinatal Group B streptococcal disease: revised guidelines from CDC, 2010

"Despite substantial progress in prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal (GBS) disease since the 1990s, GBS remains the leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis in the United States. In 1996, CDC, in collaboration with relevant professional societies, published guidelines for the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease (CDC. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: a public health perspective. MMWR 1996;45 [No. RR-7]); those guidelines were updated and republished in 2002 (CDC. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: revised guidelines from CDC. MMWR 2002;51 [No. RR-11]). In June 2009, a meeting of clinical and public health representatives was held to reevaluate prevention strategies on the basis of data collected after the issuance of the 2002 guidelines. This report presents CDC's updated guidelines, which have been endorsed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American College of Nurse- Midwives, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Society for Microbiology. The recommendations were made on the basis of available evidence when such evidence was sufficient and on expert opinion when available evidence was insufficient. The key changes in the 2010 guidelines include the following: expanded recommendations on laboratory methods for the identification of GBS, clarification of the colony-count threshold required for reporting GBS detected in the urine of pregnant women, updated algorithms for GBS screening and intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for women with preterm labor or preterm pre- mature rupture of membranes, a change in the recommended dose of penicillin-G for chemoprophylaxis, updated prophylaxis regimens for women with penicillin allergy, and a revised algorithm for management of newborns with respect to risk for early-onset GBS disease. Universal screening at 35-37 weeks' gestation for maternal GBS colonization and use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has resulted in substantial reductions in the burden of early-onset GBS disease among newborns. Although early-onset GBS disease has become relatively uncommon in recent years, the rates of maternal GBS colonization (and therefore the risk for early-onset GBS disease in the absence of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis) remain unchanged since the 1970s. Continued efforts are needed to sustain and improve on the progress achieved in the prevention of GBS disease. There also is a need to monitor for potential adverse consequences of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (e.g., emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance or increased incidence or severity of non-GBS neonatal pathogens). In the absence of a licensed GBS vaccine, universal screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis continue to be the cornerstones of early-onset GBS disease prevention." - p. 1Introduction -- Methods -- Invasive group G streptococcal disease -- Prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease -- Identification of candidates for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis -- Specimen collection and processing for GBS screening -- Secondary prevention of early-onset GBS among infants -- Implementation and impact of GBS prevention efforts -- Recommendations -- Future of GBS prevention -- Referencesprepared by Jennifer R. Verani, Lesley McGee, Stephanie J. Schrag."The material in this report originated in the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Anne Schuchat, MD, Director, and the Division of Bacterial Diseases, Rana Hajjeh, MD, Director." - p. 1Revision of: Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease : revised guidelines from CDC. MMWR 2002;51 (RR-11):1--24.Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-22).1088663Infectious DiseasePrevention and ControlCurrentHICPA

Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Broiler Chicken Farms at the Area of Banyumas District

. Efforts to control viral and bacterial diseases in poultry broiler should always be done by various efforts. Maintenance of strict management, implementation and administration of vaccines and bio security program are some efforts that are often done by farmers in order to eliminate viral and bacterial diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of pathogenic viruses and bacteria that often infect broiler chickens and how to make efforts to control the broiler chicken farms in the subdistricts of Kedungbanteng and Baturraden, district of Banyumas. The research method was survey on broiler chicken farmers in the areas of Baturraden and Kedungbanteng of Banyumas district. Gradual cluster sampling was used in this study. 11 broiler chicken farms with various breeds were involved. The current study found that types of bacterial disease that infected broiler chicken farms in the subdistricts of Kedungbanteng and Baturraden were Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) and Colibacilosis, whereas viral diseases that infected were the Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD/Gumboro) and New Castle Disease (ND), although the prevalence rate was low. The efforts to control the main virus diseases, IBD and ND, succeeded in pressing the two diseases sould be implemented

Miscellaneous bacterial diseases

Among the bacterial diseases that attack beans are (1) halo blight (Pseudomonas phaseolicola), which is distributed worldwide and survives in infected seeds and blunt residue. Three to five days after infection, water-soaked spots appear on the lower leaf surface, stem and pods; (2) bacterial wilt (Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens) has been registered in the USA, but its existence in L.A. is unknown. Drought and temp more than 32 degrees Celsius are favorable conditions for disease development The bacterium infects plants through the seed and wounds on aerial plant organs and roots; (3) bacterial brown spot (Pseudomonas syringae) produces flecks or necrotic brown lesions on the stem and pods. The bacterium has a wide host range. For efficient disease control, deep plowing, crop rotation and the use of disease-free seeds, adequate chemical products and resistant var. are recommended. The symptoms and damage caused by the disease are illustrated in color. (CIAT)Entre las enfermedades bacterianas que atacan el frijol tenemos: 1) anublo de halo (Pseudomonas phaseolicola) que se encuentra presente en todo el mundo, sobrevive en semillas infectadas y en residuos vegetales de los 3-5 dias despues de la infeccion aparecen manchas acuosas en el enves de la hoja, tallos y vainas. 2) el marchitamiento bacteriano del frijol (Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens), esta registrada en los EE.UU., pero se ignora si existe en America Latina. La sequia y las temp a mas de 32 grados centigrados son condiciones favorables para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. La bacteria infecta las plantas a partir de la semilla y de las heridas en los organos aereos de la planta y en las raices. 3) mancha parda bacteriana (Pseudomonas syringae) produce puntos o lesiones necroticas de color cafe en el tallo y en las vainas. La bacteria presenta un amplio rango de hospedantes. Para un buen control de las enfermedades se recomienda la arada profunda, la rotacion de cultivos, y el uso de semilla libre de patogenos, de productos quimicos adecuados y var. resistentes. Se ilustran en color los sintomas y danos causados por las enfermedades. (CIAT

Additional bacterial diseases

Bacterial wilt (Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens) has been registered in the USA, but its existence in Latin America is unknown. Drought and temp. more than 32 degrees C are favorable conditions for disease development. The bacterium infects plants through the seed and wounds on aerial plant organs and roots. Control measures suggested include cultural practices and the use of resistant var. Bacterial brown spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) produces flecks or necrotic brown lesions on the stem and pods. The bacterium has a wide host range. For efficient disease control, adequate chemical products and the use of resistant var. are recommended. Bean wildfire (P. syringae pv. tabaci) occurs in different bean-growing regions of Brazil and Argentina. Lesions on leaves are small, necrotic, circular to angular, light to dark brown, and surrounded by circular bright halos. No specific control measures are known. The symptoms and damage caused by the disease are illustrated in color. A list of other bacteria pathogenic to beans is also included. (CIAT)El marchitamiento bacteriano del frijol (Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens), se registra en los EE.UU., pero se ignora si existe en America Latina. La sequia y las temp. superiores a 32 grados C son condiciones favorables para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. La bacteria infecta las plantas a traves de la semilla y de las lesiones en los organos aereos de la planta y en las raices. Se sugieren medidas de control como practicas culturales y el uso de var. resistentes. La mancha parda bacteriana (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) produce puntos o lesiones necroticas de color cafe en el tallo y en las vainas. La bacteria presenta un amplio rango de hospedantes. Para un buen control de la enfermedad se recomienda el uso de productos quimicos adecuados y de var. resistentes. La quemazon del tabaco (P. syringae pv. tabaci) del frijol ocurre en diferentes regiones productoras de frijol de Brasil y Argentina. Las lesiones en las hojas son pequenas, necroticas, de forma circular a angular, de color cafe claro a cafe oscuro y rodeadas por halos circulares brillantes. No se conocen medidas especificas de control. Se ilustran a color los sintomas y danos causados por las enfermedades. Tambien se incluye una lista de otras bacterias patogenas al frijol. (CIAT

Dry Bean Pest Scouting Report

A survey of dry bean pests was conducted on farms in Vermont during the 2015 season. Pests were scouted on four Vermont farm locations in the towns of Alburgh, North Hero, Glover, and Danby. Disease and insect samples were taken and identified with assistance from the UVM Plant Diagnostic Laboratory. The primary and secondary fungal and bacterial diseases documented on dry beans in Vermont are listed in Table 1

An Alternative, Low Cost Means of Heating Water Used in Vegetable Seed Sanitation

Research Distinction HonorSome bacterial plant pathogens can infect crops through seeds, causing a major problem for vegetables. Bacterial diseases spread quickly, are not easily managed, and can vary in severity. Currently, there are not many tools to manage bacterial diseases other than prevention. Therefore, it is important to sanitize seeds prior to planting to reduce the risk of seedborne bacterial diseases. The best way to do this is by applying a hot water treatment to the seeds to kill bacteria before planting. However, water baths are prohibitively expensive for many vegetable growers. There is a need to find a more cost-effective way to conduct these treatments. The Sous Vide Precision Cooker could be a less expensive option for growers than water baths. The purpose of this research was to determine if this immersion heater was as effective as a commercial water bath in preventing seed borne bacterial diseases. Various vegetable seeds (tomato, pepper, cucumber, and cabbage) were sanitized with water heated using the precision cooker versus a commercial water bath. Both non-inoculated seeds and seeds inoculated with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, or Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris were tested. Seeds were evaluated after treatment for viability and germination rate. We hypothesized that water heated in the Anova Sous Vide Precision Cooker was as effective in preventing seed borne bacterial diseases as a water heated in a commercial hot water bath. There were no significant differences in viability or germination rate of non-inoculated seeds treated with water heated by either method. There was some statistical significance in viability with the inoculated pepper and cabbage seeds. This study was beneficial because it provides growers an alternative, low cost method to sanitize seeds and to better manage the spread of seedborne bacterial diseases in their crops.No embargoAcademic Major: Plant Patholog

Retrospective analysis of the spread of bacterial poultry diseases on the territory of Ukraine for the period 2012–2020

One of the most important livestock industries in the world is poultry breeding, which meets human needs for high-quality protein products (poultry meat, eggs) and is characterized by rapid return on investment. Bacterial infectious diseases of poultry are a major problem for the poultry industry and its strategic future. Given the relevance of bacterial diseases of poultry in the world and in Ukraine in particular, the authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the spread of these diseases in Ukraine for the period 2012–2020 by analyzing and systematizing the results of bacteriological investigations. In order to analyze the spread of bacterial diseases of poultry in terms of regions in Ukraine, we analyzed data on 20 diseases of poultry, namely: hemophilosis, infectious enterotoxemia, yersiniosis, campylobacteriosis, colibacteriosis, coligranulomatosis, klebsiella, listeriosis, mycoplasmosis, neisseriosis, pasteurellosis, pathogenic proteus, pneumococcosis, pseudomonosis, pullorosis, erysipelas septicemia, salmonellosis, staphylococcosis, streptococcosis and tuberculosis. According to the results of research, it is found that bacterial diseases of poultry are significantly common in Ukraine, the average infection of poultry with bacterial diseases for the period from 2012 to 2020 was 0.8%. The leading role in the etiological structure of pathogens of bacterial diseases of poultry was played by colibacillosis – 56.9% of the total number of all positive samples. Also, the dominant bacterial diseases of poultry in Ukraine during the analyzed period are: salmonellosis (13.5%), staphylococcosis (7.8%), pasteurellosis (7.0%), pseudomonosis (6.8%), pullorosis (3.6%) and streptococcus (2.6%). Significantly fewer positive samples were registered in the bacteriological investigations of other diseases: pneumococcosis 0.5%, tuberculosis 0.4%, infectious enterotoxemia 0.3%, pathogenic proteus 0.2%, erysipelas septicemia 0.1%, klebsiellosis 0.1%, listeriosis 0.1%, neisseriosis 0.08%, coligranulomatosis 0.05% and hemophilosis 0.02%. According to the results of bacteriological research of poultry for such diseases as yersiniosis, campylobacteriosis and mycoplasmosis – no positive test was found for the entire analyzed period. According to the results of ecological and geographical analysis, the heterogeneity of the nosological profile of bacterial diseases of poultry in different regions of Ukraine was established

Distribution and occurrence of bacterial fish diseases in the different cultural facilities of Lake Kainji area

Fish farming practices in the Lake Kainji Area of Nigeria are categorized under seven main cultural facilities, namely, earthen ponds/reservoirs, indoor/outdoor concrete tanks, plastic tanks, floating cages/hapas, aquaria, sewage and feral conditions. The presence of Bacteria isolates associated with diseased fish conditions varied significantly (P<0.05) with different cultural facilities. The highest bacteria isolates and bacterial disease incidence, 33% and 46% respectively, was associated with diseased fish in the indoor/outdoor concrete tanks. The least incidence of bacteria isolates (3.5%) and blue bacterial disease (3%) was associated with diseased fish in the aquaria and feral conditions. Nine Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacteria genera were isolated during this investigation. Pseudomonas spp. (23.6%) and Staphylococcus spp. (14.3%), were the predominant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria genera in the different cultural facilities, respectively. This paper highlights the relevance of occurrence and distribution of bacteria isolates associated with diseased fish to bacterial fish diseases under different cultural facilitie

Parasitic, Bacterial Diseases and Other Abnormalities in Abattoirs of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

Parasitic, bacterial diseases and other abnormalities are serious impediments to livestock production. A cross sectional active abattoir survey was conducted to identify the parasitic, bacterial diseases and other abnormalities in cattle slaughtered in abattoirs of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia from May, 2014 to January, 2015. A total of 479 cattle were examined through ante mortem and postmortem examinations. Eye discharge (5.43%), localized swelling (3.97%), rough hair (3.34%) and salivation (2.71%) were the major abnormalities encountered during ante mortem inspection. Postmortem examinations revealed that out of the total examined cattle, 228 (47.6%) were found to be infected with different parasitic, bacterial diseases and other abnormalities. Cysticercosis (15.66%) was the most frequently encountered parasitic disease followed by hydatidosis (11.1%) and fasciolosis (6.3%), respectively. Bovine tuberculosis (0.4%) was identified among the bacterial diseases. Emphysema (4.4%), calcification (2.9%), hydronephrosis (2.5%), pneumonia (2.5%), abscess (1.3%) and cirrhosis (0.6%), respectively were the major abnormalities. The prevalence of cysticercosis, hydatidosis and hydronephrosis showed a significance difference between the body condition score of the cattle (p &lt; 0.05) and higher infection was recorded in cattle with poor body condition. Similarly, there was significant difference in prevalence of cystesercosis between sex of cattle (χ2 = 57.5, p = 0.014) and male animals were more infected. The current study revealed that parasitic, bacterial diseases and other abnormalities were the main animal health problems in Tigray region. Therefore, the zoonotic importance of the diseases and abnormalities needs intervention. Keywords: Abattoir, Abnormality, Cattle, Disease, Prevalence, Tigra