Magnitude of maximum shoulder and hip roll angles in back crawl at different swimming speeds.

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of maximum shoulder and hip roll angles in back crawl at different swimming speeds. Ten male elite swimmers performed back crawl at four different swimming speeds. The swimming trials were filmed by a total of six digital video cameras and three-dimensional coordinates of swimmer's anatomical landmarks were calculated using the three-dimensional direct linear transform. The data were input to a MATLAB programme to calculate linear and angular kinematics. Among the four speed trials, maximum shoulder and hip roll angles were unchanged, and maximum shoulder roll angle was significantly larger than maximum hip roll angle in all trials. In conclusion, the swimming speed does not affect swimmer's shoulder and hip roll angles in back crawl swimming

MAGNITUDE OF MAXIMUM SHOULDER AND HIP ROLL ANGLES IN BACK CRAWL AT DIFFERENT SWIMMING SPEEDS

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of maximum shoulder and hip roll angles in back crawl at different swimming speeds. Ten male elite swimmers performed back crawl at four different swimming speeds. The swimming trials were filmed by a total of six digital video cameras and three-dimensional coordinates of swimmer's anatomical landmarks were calculated using the three-dimensional direct linear transform. The data were input to a MATLAB programme to calculate linear and angular kinematics. Among the four speed trials, maximum shoulder and hip roll angles were unchanged, and maximum shoulder roll angle was significantly larger than maximum hip roll angle in all trials. In conclusion, the swimming speed does not affect swimmer's shoulder and hip roll angles in back crawl swimming

EFFECT OF FAST-SKIN BODY SUIT ON PROPULSION IN FOUR STROKES BY USING INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ACTIVE DRAG (IMAD)

The effect of Fast- skin suit compared to conventional swimsuits on propulsion in four strokes in 16 female national-level swimmers was studied. The propulsion was estimated by Indirect Measurement of Active Drag (IMAD). IMAD is an estimate of the overall propulsive drag on a swimmer measured in conditions near maximal speed. Remarkable difference in propulsive force has been obtained for butterfly swim: 15%, while 5.2% was achieved for backstroke. Our findings also showed that Fast-skin effect is more important in breaststroke; 9.5% than in even front crawl; 7.9%. The method has also enabled us to find out the changes in mean velocities; 5.7% for butterfly and 1.8% for back crawl and for maximal velocities 16.5% for butterfly and 3.4% for back crawl

Feature power and speed-strength athletes, specializing in swimming crawl on way back

В статье представлена характеристика силовых и скоростно-силовых возможностей спортсменок, специализирующихся в плавании способом кроль на спине. Установлено, что у спортсменок, специализирующихся в плавании способом кроль на спине, в возрастной группе 13 лет наблюдается повышение степени реализации скоростно-силового потенциала. Использование средств и методов, адекватных уровню развития и подготовленности пловцов, позволит успешно решать задачи развития силовых способностей и совершенствования техники плавания.The article presents the characteristics of power and speed-power capabilities of athletes specializing in swimming way back crawl. It is established that the sportswomen specializing in swimming by the method of back crawl in the age group of 13 years there is an increase in the degree of realization of speed-power potential. The use of tools and methods adequate to the level of development and preparedness of swimmers will successfully solve the problem of development of strength abilities and improve swimming techniques

Does Hydrotherapy Impact Behaviours Related to Mental Health and Well-Being for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Randomised Crossover-Controlled Pilot Trial

Background: Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are less physically active than typically developing children due to reduced socialisation and delayed gross-motor skills, negatively impacting social, emotional and physical well-being. This study aimed to determine whether hydrotherapy influences behaviours which impact mental health and well-being in children with ASD. Methods: A within-subjects, randomised crossover-controlled pilot trial was used over 8 weeks. Children aged 6–12 years and diagnosed with ASD (n = 8) were randomly allocated to Group 1 (n = 4) or Group 2 (n = 4). All children participated in hydrotherapy intervention from either weeks 1 to 4 or weeks 5 to 8. The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) measured behaviour changes impacting mental health and well-being, administered at weeks 0, 4 and 8. Results: No observable differences were found in CBCL subscales between Group 1 or 2 at baseline (week 0). Paired-samples t-tests revealed significant improvements post-intervention: Anxious/Depressed subdomain (p = 0.02) and the Internalising Problems Domain Summary (p = 0.026), with large effect size (d = 1.03 and d = 1.06 respectively). Thought Problems (p = 0.03) and Attention Problems (p = 0.01) both significantly improved post-intervention. The Total Problems score significantly improved post-intervention (p = 0.018) with a large effect size (d = 1.04). Conclusion: Hydrotherapy may enhance behaviours impacting mental health and well-being of children with ASD and could be considered a beneficial therapy option

Which Stroke Next? All Strokes Next! Part Two: Strokes for Intermediate and Advanced Swimmers

The primary goal of this two-part project is to answer the rhetorical question of which strokes should be taught first, and which later (Langendorfer, 2013, Stallman, 2014a). As you have seen in Part One, we emphasize (as have many others) the need for a firm foundation before any stroke is introduced. When the learner is ready for propulsive motor competencies, there is no stroke which suits all as their first. In Part One we explored the “beginning strokes” all of which are candidates for any given learner’s first stroke. We also argued that after mastering their very first stroke the learner should learn the other, “first strokes.” This also broadens the base for the learning of other strokes as the learner advances to intermediate and advanced levels. Here in Part Two, we explore additional strokes, chosen as essential because of some unique quality which makes them the best solution in some specific, potential risk situation. They should, therefore, be included in any comprehensive, proactive aquatic educational program

A relationship between general motor ability and objective measures of achievement in swimming at the immediate level for college women

Swimming often seems to be placed in a category separate from other sports. yet it has many common elements which affect skill or proficiency: coordination, balance, kinesthetic sense, rhythm, flexibility, power, and strength. The one basic difference is the medium in which this activity is performed; that is, water. This condition adds more components to the list; resistance, relaxation, breathing, buoyancy, and fear now play important roles. Then even those elements common to land activities may assume a new dimension

BALANCE OF BIOMECHANICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SWIMMING PERFORMANCE

Swimming is a unique activity carried out in a unique environment. Performance depends on interplay between biomechanical and bioenergetic aspects, thus if we can understand their interaction, as a function of velocity, we can understand the biophysics of swimming. The relationship between stroke frequency and velocity and their impact on drag and efficiency are critical. The biomechanical aspects dictate the velocity-dependent metabolic demands of swimming, thus the maximal performance is determined by the balance of metabolic power among aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Training is a determinant of swimming performance, and applying bioenergetic principles could improve performance

The development of a series of slides and commentary to aid in the teaching of swimming

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University