Index to NASA Tech Briefs, 1974

The following information was given for 1974: (1) abstracts of reports dealing with new technology derived from the research and development activities of NASA or the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, arranged by subjects: electronics/electrical, electronics/electrical systems, physical sciences, materials/chemistry, life sciences, mechanics, machines, equipment and tools, fabrication technology, and computer programs, (2) indexes for the above documents: subject, personal author, originating center

Theoretical issues in the interpretation of Cappadocian, a not-so-dead Greek contact language

Cappadocian is a mixed Greek-Turkish dialect continuum spoken in the Turkish Central Anatolia Region until the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in the 1920s. Only a few Cappadocian dialects are still spoken in present-day Greece. Since the publication of Thomason and Kaufman’s Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics in 1988, Cappadocian has attracted the attention of historical and contact linguists, because of its unique mixed character. In this paper, I will discuss a number of theoretical issues in the interpretation of the linguistic structure of Cappadocian, focusing on the following topics: (1) the status of loan phonemes and loan morphemes in contact languages, (2) the distinction between code switching and code mixing in relation to Poplack’s Free Morpheme Constraint, (3) the schizoid typology of contact languages

Reducing skin damage and improving postharvest efficiency of Calypso mango

‘B74’ mango (marketed as CalypsoTM) was bred at Childers in subtropical Queensland specifically to overcome the inconsistent production of the cultivar ‘Kensington Pride’. Ongoing research is maximising its genetic potential in the main production regions. ‘B74’ mango fruit develops an attractive blush during growth and a full yellow skin colour when ripe, but small spots from damaged lenticels often appear on the skin. This affects the visual appeal but does not affect the flesh; nevertheless the value of the fruit is reduced. The project confirmed that fruit can have less LD if they are grown in hotter production, are smaller and more mature, have more blush, and are from trees that had more uniform flowering or smaller canopy area. However, these parameters accounted for only 32-35% of the variation in LD. Not irrigating the trees for 3-8 weeks before harvest may “dry” the fruit out and make them more resistant to LD but this was not observed. ‘B74’ is more prone to this lenticel discolouration (LD) than most other Australian mango cultivars, most likely because it has 3-4 times higher lenticel density on the fruit surface at harvest. LD is worse when the fruit are exposed to water either from rain or during harvesting. In order to reduce contact with water, the fruit were paper bagged (done commercially in apple and other fruit in Japan), or sprayed with a carnauba-based wax, two months or several days before harvest, respectively. Both treatments reduced LD in the ripe fruit. Bagging is labourintensive but may be profitable for high value markets, and wax sprays need commercial testing with whole tree spraying. LD is likely due to an oxidation reaction, similar to when cut apple turns brown. Reducing oxygen around or in the fruit, or using anti-oxidants may reduce the browning reaction. However, holding the fruit in plastic bags, fruit coatings and antioxidant dips before ripening had either no effect. The most promising approaches were eliminating water from the harvesting and packing procedures, and irradiating fruit for export when they were about three days from ripe. Both approaches add extra challenges to the harvest-to-consumer chain, but they may have application is certain circumstances. Mango fruit need to be harvested within 2-4 weeks of reaching minimum maturity to prevent fruit from falling from the tree. This short harvest window results in challenges with picking teams and equipment. Trials attempted to induce earlier or later flowering the spread the harvest window in the hotter production areas. Trials with Ethephon® sprays indicated its potential to stimulate earlier flowering. Removing flowers in the Katherine environment to encourage the trees to re-flower was unsuccessful. The ability to ripen fruit in transit from farm to market will reduce energy costs and infrastructure requirements in market. Commercial tests indicated that the newer 12 m rail containers can retain ‘B74’ fruit temperatures at about 18ºC, and several systems to manage carbon dioxide and ethylene concentrations (both important in fruit ripening) can be controlled

Assessment of Critical Habitats for Recovering the Chesapeake Bay Atlantic Sturgeon Distinct Population Segment

The states of Virginia and Maryland along with Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) and University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) partnered to assess critical habitat for recovering the Chesapeake Bay Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) distinct population segment. The primary objectives were to assess reproductive habitat in the James River, nursery habitat in the James and York Rivers and the degree of dependence of those populations to habitat in the Chesapeake Bay

Solar energy bibliography

Listings are provided of technical briefs, reports, and papers pertaining to research being performed in the field of solar energy

NASA Patent Abstracts bibliography: A continuing bibliography. Section 2: Indexes (supplement 20)

Entries for approximately 4000 citations for the period May 1969 through December 1981 are listed. Subject, invention, source, number, and accession number indexes are included

NASA patent abstracts bibliography: A continuing bibliography. Section 2: Indexes (supplement 08)

This bibliography is issued in two sections: Section 1 - Abstracts, and Section 2 - Indexes. This issue of the Abstract Section cites 180 patents and applications for patents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system during the period July 1975 through December 1975. Each entry in the Abstract Section consists of a citation, an abstract, and, in most cases, a key illustration selected from the patent or application for patent. This issue of the Index Section contains entries for 2,905 patents and applications for patent citations covering the period May 1969 through December 1975. The Index Section contains five indexes -- subject, inventor, source, number, and accession number

NASA patent abstracts bibliography: A continuing bibliography. Section 2: Indexes (supplement 13)

This issue of the Index Section contains entries for 3386 patent and application for patent citations covering the period May 1969 through June 1978. The Index Section contains five indexes --- subject, inventor, source, number, and accession number

NASA patent abstracts bibliography: A continuing bibliography. Section 2: Indexes (supplement 19)

Citations of approximately 4,000 patents and patent applications for the period May 1969 through July 1981 are indexed according to subject, invention, source, number, and accession number