Fuzzy judgment in bargaining games : diverse patterns of price determination and transaction in buyer-seller exchange

game theory;bargaining

Segmentación multi-modal de imágenes RGB-D a partir de mapas de apariencia y de profundidad geométrica

Classical image segmentation algorithms exploit the detection of similarities and discontinuities of different visual cues to define and differentiate multiple regions of interest in images. However, due to the high variability and uncertainty of image data, producing accurate results is difficult. In other words, segmentation based just on color is often insufficient for a large percentage of real-life scenes. This work presents a novel multi-modal segmentation strategy that integrates depth and appearance cues from RGB-D images by building a hierarchical region-based representation, i.e., a multi-modal segmentation tree (MM-tree). For this purpose, RGB-D image pairs are represented in a complementary fashion by different segmentation maps. Based on color images, a color segmentation tree (C-tree) is created to obtain segmented and over-segmented maps. From depth images, two independent segmentation maps are derived by computing planar and 3D edge primitives. Then, an iterative region merging process can be used to locally group the previously obtained maps into the MM-tree. Finally, the top emerging MM-tree level coherently integrates the available information from depth and appearance maps. The experiments were conducted using the NYU-Depth V2 RGB-D dataset, which demonstrated the competitive results of our strategy compared to state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Specifically, using test images, our method reached average scores of 0.56 in Segmentation Covering and 2.13 in Variation of Information.Los algoritmos clásicos de segmentación de imágenes explotan la detección de similitudes y discontinuidades en diferentes señales visuales, para definir regiones de interés en imágenes. Sin embargo, debido a la alta variabilidad e incertidumbre en los datos de imagen, se dificulta generar resultados acertados. En otras palabras, la segmentación basada solo en color a menudo no es suficiente para un gran porcentaje de escenas reales. Este trabajo presenta una nueva estrategia de segmentación multi-modal que integra señales de profundidad y apariencia desde imágenes RGB-D, por medio de una representación jerárquica basada en regiones, es decir, un árbol de segmentación multi-modal (MM-tree). Para ello, la imagen RGB-D es descrita de manera complementaria por diferentes mapas de segmentación. A partir de la imagen de color, se implementa un árbol de segmentación de color (C-tree) para obtener mapas de segmentación y sobre-segmentación. Desde de la imagen de profundidad, se derivan dos mapas de segmentación independientes, los cuales se basan en el cálculo de primitivas de planos y de bordes 3D. Seguidamente, un proceso de fusión jerárquico de regiones permite agrupar de manera local los mapas obtenidos anteriormente en el MM-tree. Por último, el nivel superior emergente del MM-tree integra coherentemente la información disponible en los mapas de profundidad y apariencia. Los experimentos se realizaron con el conjunto de imágenes RGB-D del NYU-Depth V2, evidenciando resultados competitivos, con respecto a los métodos de segmentación del estado del arte. Específicamente, en las imágenes de prueba, se obtuvieron puntajes promedio de 0.56 en la medida de Segmentation Covering y 2.13 en Variation of Information

Modeling 4.0: Conceptual Modeling in a Digital Era

Digitization provides entirely new affordances for our economies and societies. This leads to previously unseen design opportunities and complexities as systems and their boundaries are re-defined, creating a demand for appropriate methods to support design that caters to these new demands. Conceptual modeling is an established means for this, but it needs to be advanced to adequately depict the requirements of digitization. However, unlike the actual deployment of digital technologies in various industries, the domain of conceptual modeling itself has not yet undergone a comprehensive renewal in light of digitization. Therefore, inspired by the notion of Industry 4.0, an overarching concept for digital manufacturing, in this commentary paper, we propose Modeling 4.0 as the notion for conceptual modeling mechanisms in a digital environment. In total, 12 mechanisms of conceptual modeling are distinguished, providing ample guidance for academics and professionals interested in ensuring that modeling techniques and methods continue to fit contemporary and emerging requirements

Intelligent Information Access to Linked Data - Weaving the Cultural Heritage Web

The subject of the dissertation is an information alignment experiment of two cultural heritage information systems (ALAP): The Perseus Digital Library and Arachne. In modern societies, information integration is gaining importance for many tasks such as business decision making or even catastrophe management. It is beyond doubt that the information available in digital form can offer users new ways of interaction. Also, in the humanities and cultural heritage communities, more and more information is being published online. But in many situations the way that information has been made publicly available is disruptive to the research process due to its heterogeneity and distribution. Therefore integrated information will be a key factor to pursue successful research, and the need for information alignment is widely recognized. ALAP is an attempt to integrate information from Perseus and Arachne, not only on a schema level, but to also perform entity resolution. To that end, technical peculiarities and philosophical implications of the concepts of identity and co-reference are discussed. Multiple approaches to information integration and entity resolution are discussed and evaluated. The methodology that is used to implement ALAP is mainly rooted in the fields of information retrieval and knowledge discovery. First, an exploratory analysis was performed on both information systems to get a first impression of the data. After that, (semi-)structured information from both systems was extracted and normalized. Then, a clustering algorithm was used to reduce the number of needed entity comparisons. Finally, a thorough matching was performed on the different clusters. ALAP helped with identifying challenges and highlighted the opportunities that arise during the attempt to align cultural heritage information systems