2 P2P or Not 2 P2P?

In the hope of stimulating discussion, we present a heuristic decision tree that designers can use to judge the likely suitability of a P2P architecture for their applications. It is based on the characteristics of a wide range of P2P systems from the literature, both proposed and deployed.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

Field report on experimental comparison of a WiFi mesh network against commercial 5G in an underground disaster environment.

Mobile robots in disaster scenarios such as tunnels, mines, or collapsed structures face communication challenges for reliable video streaming to remote control centers. Commercial fifth-generation (5G) networks provide low latency and high bandwidth, especially in urban areas, but ad hoc WiFi networks with static and robotic nodes can provide a solution to attenuation in occluded areas. This paper offers a field experiment report from a search and rescue (SAR) exercise where we tested a WiFi mesh network against commercial 5G in tunnels 184 m long, 6 m wide, and 4 m high. Two operator streamed video to the Internet through a mesh that consisted of two static nodes and two mobile nodes on unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). Latency was measured for both operators for different video resolutions, as well as for a 5G customer-premises equipment (CPE) on-board a scout-UGV. The paper discusses experimental results and lessons learned.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España, project PID2021-122944OB-I00, and by the Maori project (grant agreement number TSI-063000-2021-53) funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU

GUARDIANS final report

Emergencies in industrial warehouses are a major concern for firefghters. The large dimensions together with the development of dense smoke that drastically reduces visibility, represent major challenges. The Guardians robot swarm is designed to assist fire fighters in searching a large warehouse. In this report we discuss the technology developed for a swarm of robots searching and assisting fire fighters. We explain the swarming algorithms which provide the functionality by which the robots react to and follow humans while no communication is required. Next we discuss the wireless communication system, which is a so-called mobile ad-hoc network. The communication network provides also one of the means to locate the robots and humans. Thus the robot swarm is able to locate itself and provide guidance information to the humans. Together with the re ghters we explored how the robot swarm should feed information back to the human fire fighter. We have designed and experimented with interfaces for presenting swarm based information to human beings

Predicting topology propagation messages in mobile ad hoc networks: The value of history

This research was funded by the Spanish Government under contracts TIN2016-77836-C2-1-R,TIN2016-77836-C2-2-R, and DPI2016-77415-R, and by the Generalitat de Catalunya as Consolidated ResearchGroups 2017-SGR-688 and 2017-SGR-990.The mobile ad hoc communication in highly dynamic scenarios, like urban evacuations or search-and-rescue processes, plays a key role in coordinating the activities performed by the participants. Particularly, counting on message routing enhances the communication capability among these actors. Given the high dynamism of these networks and their low bandwidth, having mechanisms to predict the network topology offers several potential advantages; e.g., to reduce the number of topology propagation messages delivered through the network, the consumption of resources in the nodes and the amount of redundant retransmissions. Most strategies reported in the literature to perform these predictions are limited to support high mobility, consume a large amount of resources or require training. In order to contribute towards addressing that challenge, this paper presents a history-based predictor (HBP), which is a prediction strategy based on the assumption that some topological changes in these networks have happened before in the past, therefore, the predictor can take advantage of these patterns following a simple and low-cost approach. The article extends a previous proposal of the authors and evaluates its impact in highly mobile scenarios through the implementation of a real predictor for the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol. The use of this predictor, named OLSR-HBP, shows a reduction of 40–55% of topology propagation messages compared to the regular OLSR protocol. Moreover, the use of this predictor has a low cost in terms of CPU and memory consumption, and it can also be used with other routing protocols.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Flying real-time network to coordinate disaster relief activities in urban areas

While there have been important advances within wireless communication technology, the provision of communication support during disaster relief activities remains an open issue. The literature in disaster research reports several major restrictions to conducting first response activities in urban areas, given the limitations of telephone networks and radio systems to provide digital communication in the field. In search-and-rescue operations, the communication requirements are increased, since the first responders need to rely on real-time and reliable communication to perform their activities and coordinate their efforts with other teams. Therefore, these limitations open the door to improvisation during disaster relief efforts. In this paper, we argue that flying ad-hoc networks can provide the communication support needed in these scenarios, and propose a new solution towards that goal. The proposal involves the use of flying witness units, implemented using drones, that act as communication gateways between first responders working at different locations of the affected area. The proposal is named the Flying Real-Time Network, and its feasibility to provide communication in a disaster scenario is shown by presenting both a real-time schedulability analysis of message delivery, as well as simulations of the communication support in a physical scenario inspired by a real incident. The obtained results were highly positive and consistent, therefore this proposal represents a step forward towards the solution of this open issuePeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Unlocking Solar Power For Surveillance A Review Of Solar Powered CCTV And Surveillance Technologies

Solar-powered surveillance technologies have gained prominence for their sustainable, autonomous, and versatile solutions. This comprehensive review explores three key solar-powered surveillance technologies: solar-powered CCTV cameras, solar drones, and solar-powered sensor networks. Each technology offers distinct strengths and weaknesses, making them suitable for various applications. Solar-powered CCTV cameras provide adaptability, energy independence, and rapid deployment, while solar drones offer an aerial perspective, extended endurance, and versatility. Solar-powered sensor networks excel in localized environmental monitoring. The choice of technology depends on factors such as the surveillance environment, budget constraints, required surveillance range, and specific monitoring needs. Organizations can benefit from hybrid solutions that integrate multiple technologies for comprehensive coverage. Future trends include advanced energy storage solutions, AI integration, enhanced power efficiency, and cloud-based data analytics, promising to improve performance and sustainability. Public-private collaborations and sustainable urban planning initiatives will drive further adoption and integration. Solar-powered surveillance technologies empower effective and environmentally sustainable surveillance solutions, contributing to a safer and more sustainable future

Semi-Autonomous UAV for Surveillance and Emergency Response (SAUSER)

The SAUSER is a drone system that can provide aerial footage of traffic accidents and other emergency situations. The drone system has mounting docks that can be mounted on traffic lights to allow for rapid deployment. The mounting docks also function as charging stations. Literature review was performed to determine the current status of drones in law enforcement. Review was done on both the technological capabilities of drones as well as the legal requirements for drone operation by law enforcement. Concept alternatives were considered to determine the best solution for this problem. A quadcopter with no landing gear was chosen as the best solution to the problem. Design requirements, performance metrics, and estimated budget were developed. Off the shelf electronics were selected to provide the necessary thrust, charging, video feed, and wireless capabilities necessary for the remote operation of the drones from a 911 dispatching station. Sizing calculations were performed to determine the takeoff weight of the drone. Blade Element Momentum Theory analysis was performed to determine if the blades could provide proper thrust. Computational Fluid Dynamics and Finite Element Analysis was performed to determine if the drone would experience mechanical failure during the lifecycle of the project. Hand calculations were done to verify the validity of these results. Finally, an economic analysis was performed to determine if the drone meet the budgetary requirements established in the previous sections. It was also done to determine the total cost of the system over a ten-year period

Design and Implementation of Scalable Wireless Sensor Network for Flood Detection and Evasion

Wireless sensor network has materialized as a influential technique for marine applications. Delugeinfluence is one of the substantialtragedies in the ecosphere. More than 50% of overall flood harms occur in Asia. Reasons of floods are natural factors such as heavy rainfall, high tides, low lying areas etc., and human factors such as obstruction of channels or augmentation of drainage channels, unsuitable land consumption, deforestation in headwater provinces, etc. Floods can cause losses of life and destructionof properties. Growing Population results in more urbanization, more rainproof area and less penetration and more flood peak and runoff.The objective of this paper is to develop such a WSN that can be used to monitor tide intensity and build a system that can prevent flood in coastal area. The focus is on the design and implementation of the wireless sensor node and that coordinateswith based base station. In this paper we describe the hardware and software architecture of this sensor network. This papervalidates the probability of using costeffective, flexible, and scalable sensor networks to address critical bottlenecks of the emergency response process.Therefore, a Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) is designed and implemented for monitoring of tide in sea and ocean.The System controls flood gate assembled on drainage system which avoids inundation of sea water in coastal area and the results of implementation are interpreted in this paper. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150712