The Development of a System to Control Electrical Appliances through Bluetooth-Enabled Device

The objective of this study is to develop a system and an application that helps to remotely control electrical appliances in the home domain with the usage of shortrange wireless Bluetooth using Java programming technology. Basically this project will solve and expand the Infrared technology remote control used, that is only limited to straight line positioning device and to solve the inefficient storage and amount of remote controllers held in each house domain. A proposed solution can be apprehended especially for the elderly and the disabled to control their electrical appliances. As for the development, the system will use Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone that will only control the switched-electrical appliance in a single room and a single appliance for presentation purposes using point-to-point Bluetooth topology. The detected Bluetooth radius will only be 10 meters from the server location based on the Bluetooth dongle attached to the server. In realizing this project, tasks have been divided into six parts; problem definition, project analysis and review, outline design, prototype development, prototype evaluation and system integration. The design and implementation of this project is embraced from circuit implementation, mobile and server development. In order to have full understanding of the project, two main areas need to be covered first, which are the mobile remote controlling and the Bluetooth technology. This is necessary in order to develop a good concept of design and implementation into the real world. As a conclusion, the end product should be able to provide freedom and flexibility of universal remote control system by using Bluetooth-enabled devices that can be obtained in homes or even work places

Push-to-Talk över Bluetooth

Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) är en teknologi som möjliggör en radiotelefonlik service över GPRS vilken väckt ökande popularitet. I skrivande stund pågår specifiering av en öppen PoC-standard inom Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). OMA planerar att baser PoC på en IP/UDP/RTP protokollstack samt en server-clientarkitektur. Systemet utnyttjar även SIP-signaleringsegenskaperna hos IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). PoC-nätelement handhar bl.a. gruppförvaltning och taltursfördelning. Forskningsproblemet för denna avhandling är: "Hur kan en PoC-liknande service erbjudas gratis åt mobiltelefonsanvändare med hjälp av Bluetooth-teknologi?" Den primära målsättningen för detta arbete är därmed att skissa upp ett förslag för hur man kunde utveckla en Push-to-Talk (PTT)-funktion som utnyttjar ett Bluetooth scatternet-nät samt PAN-profilen för att överföra data. En måttlig räckvidd kan uppnås med hjälp av Bluetooth apparater av effektklass 1 vars räckvidd kan vara t.o.m. 100 m. En sekundär målsättning är att beskriva PoC samt de protokoll PoC utnyttjar (t.ex. SIP och SDP). Denna beskrivning utgör både en utgångspunkt för att uppnå den primära målsättningen och erbjuder även en introduktion till OMA PoC som lämpar sig för både studeranden och yrkesmän. Det uppskissade förslaget för Push-to-Talk över Bluetooth (PoB) innefattar metoder för skapande av grupper och nät, dataöverföring samt taltursfördelning. Metoden för nätskapande (som kan vara användbar även för andra ändamål) baserar sig på att skapa ett scatternet emellan apparater som tillhör en på förhand specifierad grupp av apparater samt på att undvika slingor. Detta möjliggör enkel kommunikation genom att skicka data till alla apparater inom nätet, förutsatt att de apparater som sammanbinder piconet-näten till ett scatternet fungerar som repeterare. Ytterligare uppskissas en metod för att kombinera PoB och PoC. Avsikten med detta är att möjliggöra PTT-kommunikation med både lokalt och avlägset belägna gruppmedlemmar med hjälp av Bluetooth respektive GPRS.Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) is an emerging technology enabling a walkie-talkie-like service over GPRS. At the time of writing, an open standard for PoC is being specified by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). As specified by the OMA standard drafts, PoC is based on an IP/UDP/RTP protocol stack and a client-server based architecture. The systems exploits the SIP signalling capabilities of the the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Group management, floor control etc are administered by the network elements of PoC. The research problem of this thesis is: "How can mobile phone users be provided with a free-of-charge PTT-feature with PoC-like user experience by means of Bluetooth technology?" The primary objective of the study is thus to propose an outline for developing a Push-to-Talk (PTT) feature that utilizes a Bluetooth scatternet and the PAN profile for data communications. A reasonable range can be obtained with Bluetooth class 1 devices, which provide a range of up to 100 m. A subsidiary objective is to provide a description of OMA PoC and the protocols it relies upon. The description serves both as a basis for pursuing the primary objective and as a tutorial, which is suitable for students or professionals desiring to acquaint themselves with OMA PoC. The proposed outline for Push-to-Talk over Bluetooth (PoB) comprises e.g. methods for group formation, network formation, communication, and floor control. The network formation method, which can be utilized in other applications as well, is based on creating a scatternet among a predefined set of devices and on avoiding loops. This approach enables usage of a simple broadcasting based communication method, in which the devices bridging the piconets into a scatternet act as repeaters. A method for combining PoB and PoC is also outlined. It is intended for enabling PTT-communication with both local and distant group members over Bluetooth and GPRS respectively

A PROTOCOL SUITE FOR WIRELESS PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS

A Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is an ad hoc network that consists of devices that surround an individual or an object. Bluetooth® technology is especially suitable for formation of WPANs due to the pervasiveness of devices with Bluetooth® chipsets, its operation in the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) frequency band, and its interference resilience. Bluetooth® technology has great potential to become the de facto standard for communication between heterogeneous devices in WPANs. The piconet, which is the basic Bluetooth® networking unit, utilizes a Master/Slave (MS) configuration that permits only a single master and up to seven active slave devices. This structure limitation prevents Bluetooth® devices from directly participating in larger Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). In order to build larger Bluetooth® topologies, called scatternets, individual piconets must be interconnected. Since each piconet has a unique frequency hopping sequence, piconet interconnections are done by allowing some nodes, called bridges, to participate in more than one piconet. These bridge nodes divide their time between piconets by switching between Frequency Hopping (FH) channels and synchronizing to the piconet\u27s master. In this dissertation we address scatternet formation, routing, and security to make Bluetooth® scatternet communication feasible. We define criteria for efficient scatternet topologies, describe characteristics of different scatternet topology models as well as compare and contrast their properties, classify existing scatternet formation approaches based on the aforementioned models, and propose a distributed scatternet formation algorithm that efficiently forms a scatternet topology and is resilient to node failures. We propose a hybrid routing algorithm, using a bridge link agnostic approach, that provides on-demand discovery of destination devices by their address or by the services that devices provide to their peers, by extending the Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) to scatternets. We also propose a link level security scheme that provides secure communication between adjacent piconet masters, within what we call an Extended Scatternet Neighborhood (ESN)

Mobile Ad hoc Networking: Imperatives and Challenges

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) represent complex distributed systems that comprise wireless mobile nodes that can freely and dynamically self-organize into arbitrary and temporary, "ad-hoc" network topologies, allowing people and devices to seamlessly internetwork in areas with no pre-existing communication infrastructure, e.g., disaster recovery environments. Ad hoc networking concept is not a new one, having been around in various forms for over 20 years. Traditionally, tactical networks have been the only communication networking application that followed the ad hoc paradigm. Recently, the introduction of new technologies such as the Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 and Hyperlan are helping enable eventual commercial MANET deployments outside the military domain. These recent evolutions have been generating a renewed and growing interest in the research and development of MANET. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of this dynamic field. It first explains the important role that mobile ad hoc networks play in the evolution of future wireless technologies. Then, it reviews the latest research activities in these areas, including a summary of MANET\u27s characteristics, capabilities, applications, and design constraints. The paper concludes by presenting a set of challenges and problems requiring further research in the future

WiFi-Direct InterNetworking

We are on the verge of having ubiquitous connectivity. However, there are still scenarios where public communication networks are not reachable, are saturated or simply cannot be trusted. In such cases, our mobile phones can leverage device-to-device communication to reach the public network or to enable local connectivity. A device-to-device communication technology, with at least WiFi speed and range, will offer sufficient connectivity conditions for interconnection in areas/situations where it is not currently possible. Such advance will foster a new breed of systems and applications. Their widespread adoption is, nonetheless, bound to their usage in off-the-shelf devices. This raises a problem because the device-to-device communication technologies currently available in off-the-shelf mobile devices have several limitations: Bluetooth is limited in speed and range,Wi-Fi Direct is limited in speed and connectivity for medium and large scenarios, and WiFi-Aware is a new and untested technology, whose specification does not cover large scenarios. In this thesis, we address this problem by presenting two communication topologies and a network formation algorithm that enable the use of Wi-Fi Direct communication between off-the-shelf mobile devices in medium and large scale scenarios. The communication topologies, named Group-Owner Client-Relay Group-Owner and Group-Owner Group-Owner, allow for Wi-Fi Direct intergroup communication, whilst the network formation algorithm, named RedMesh, systematically creates networks of Wi-Fi Direct groups. The algorithm proved to be very effective, achieving full connectivity in 97.28% of the 1 250 tested scenarios. The RedMesh algorithm distinguishes itself for being the first one to useWi-Fi Direct communication topologies that can form tree and mesh structures, and for being the first algorithm able to build networks that can rely only on unicast communication. We may hence conclude that the work developed in this thesis makes significant progress in the formation of large scale networks of off-the-shelf mobile devices

The Development of a System to Control Electrical Appliances through Bluetooth-Enabled Device

The objective of this study is to develop a system and an application that helps to remotely control electrical appliances in the home domain with the usage of shortrange wireless Bluetooth using Java programming technology. Basically this project will solve and expand the Infrared technology remote control used, that is only limited to straight line positioning device and to solve the inefficient storage and amount of remote controllers held in each house domain. A proposed solution can be apprehended especially for the elderly and the disabled to control their electrical appliances. As for the development, the system will use Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone that will only control the switched-electrical appliance in a single room and a single appliance for presentation purposes using point-to-point Bluetooth topology. The detected Bluetooth radius will only be 10 meters from the server location based on the Bluetooth dongle attached to the server. In realizing this project, tasks have been divided into six parts; problem definition, project analysis and review, outline design, prototype development, prototype evaluation and system integration. The design and implementation of this project is embraced from circuit implementation, mobile and server development. In order to have full understanding of the project, two main areas need to be covered first, which are the mobile remote controlling and the Bluetooth technology. This is necessary in order to develop a good concept of design and implementation into the real world. As a conclusion, the end product should be able to provide freedom and flexibility of universal remote control system by using Bluetooth-enabled devices that can be obtained in homes or even work places

Improving forwarding mechanisms for mobile personal area networks

This thesis presents novel methods for improving forwarding mechanisms for personal area networks. Personal area networks are formed by interconnecting personal devices such as personal digital assistants, portable multimedia devices, digital cameras and laptop computers, in an ad hoc fashion. These devices are typically characterised by low complexity hardware, low memory and are usually batterypowered. Protocols and mechanisms developed for general ad hoc networking cannot be directly applied to personal area networks as they are not optimised to suit their specific constraints. The work presented herein proposes solutions for improving error control and routing over personal area networks, which are very important ingredients to the good functioning of the network. The proposed Packet Error Correction (PEC) technique resends only a subset of the transmitted packets, thereby reducing the overhead, while ensuring improved error rates. PEC adapts the number of re-transmissible packets to the conditions of the channel so that unnecessary retransmissions are avoided. It is shown by means of computer simulation that PEC behaves better, in terms of error reduction and overhead, than traditional error control mechanisms, which means that it is adequate for low-power personal devices. The proposed C2HR routing protocol, on the other hand, is designed such that the network lifetime is maximised. This is achieved by forwarding packets through the most energy efficient paths. C2HR is a hybrid routing protocol in the sense that it employs table-driven (proactive) as well as on-demand (reactive) components. Proactive routes are the primary routes, i.e., packets are forwarded through those paths when the network is stable; however, in case of failures, the protocol searches for alternative routes on-demand, through which data is routed temporarily. The advantage of C2HR is that data can still be forwarded even when routing is re-converging, thereby increasing the throughput. Simulation results show that the proposed routing method is more energy efficient than traditional least hops routing, and results in higher data throughput. C2HR relies on a network leader for collecting and distributing topology information, which in turn requires an estimate of the underlying topology. Thus, this thesis also proposes a new cooperative leader election algorithm and techniques for estimating network characteristics in mobile environments. The proposed solutions are simulated under various conditions and demonstrate appreciable behaviour

Bluetooth wireless communication for MEMSwear

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Δημιουργία scatternet σε δίκτυα bluetooth με θεωρία κοινωνικών δικτύων : (scatternet formation in bluetooth networks with social networks theory)

Παρατηρήσεις έκδοσης: κακέκτυπες σελίδες