Aspects of Application of Neural Recognition to Digital Editions

Artificial neuronal networks (ANN) are widely used in software systems which require solutions to problems without a traditional algorithmic approach, like in character recognition: ANN learn by example, so that they require a consistent and well-chosen set of samples to be trained to recognize their patterns. The network is taught to react with high activity in some of its output neurons whenever an input sample belonging to a specified class (e.g. a letter shape) is presented, and has the ability to assess the similarity of samples never encountered before by any of these models. Typical OCR applications thus require a significant amount of preprocessing for such samples, like resizing images and removing all the "noise" data, letting the letter contours emerge clearly from the background. Furthermore, usually a huge number of samples is required to effectively train a network to recognize a character against all the others. This may represent an issue for palaeographical applications because of the relatively low quantity and high complexity of digital samples available, and poses even more problems when our aim is detecting subtle differences (e.g. the special shape of a specific letter from a well-defined period and scriptorium). It would be probably wiser for scholars to define some guidelines for extracting from samples the features defined as most relevant according to their purposes, and let the network deal with just a subset of the overwhelming amount of detailed nuances available. ANN are no magic, and it is always the careful judgement of scholars to provide a theoretical foundation for any computer-based tool they might want to use to help them solve their problems: we can easily illustrate this point with samples drawn from any other application of IT to humanities. Just as we can expect no magic in detecting alliterations in a text if we simply feed a system with a collection of letters, we can no more claim that a neural recognition system might be able to perform well with a relatively small sample where each shape is fed as it is, without instructing the system about the features scholars define as relevant. Even before ANN implementations, it is exactly this theoretical background which must be put to the test when planning such systems

Optimizing the work environment using lean and continuous improvement tools-printing floor

The study aims at solving the problems reported by the management using lean tools and continuous improvement tools. The purpose of using a lean tool is to configure the working process involved in production thereby reducing waste periodically. The tool also aims at improving the flow of process resulting in reducing the uneven workflow throughout the floor. The pull system from Kanban also found to improvise flow of materials at the production floor. The continuous improvement tool helps in streamlining works related to implementing works and reducing waste. In this work, the implementation of 5s has found its use in creating a tool room and tool chart along with a pull system introduced for the tools at the pegboard. The use of Kanban cards as pull system at tool chart for the tool is to monitor the flow of tool to the production units at the printing floor. The implementation of 5s in paint room is to organize the ink tins used for setup activity in the production process and to make the ink tins easier to find for the operator. PDCA (plan, do check, act) cycle one of the continuous improvement tools implemented for organizing the printing plates into a system by creating and thereby reducing the retrieval time of the plates by the operators. SMED (single minute exchange of die) performed on production units to find the activities involved in the setup operations and reducing the time needed to perform the setup operations. The results of the implementations made found to be satisfying that the tool room kept periodically and the use of Kanban cards on the tool chart for some tool being used through inspections performed. The systems implemented for organizing the printing plates helped in retrieving the plates from the system for a setup operation seem to have reduced from 17 minutes to 3 minutes. The implementation of 5s at the paint room in organizing the ink tins proven useful as the time needed for operators in obtaining the ink tins and introducing it into the system, a setup operation performed for production purpose observed during SMED process.O objetivo do estudo é resolver os problemas relatados pelo gerenciamento utilizando ferramentas enxutas e ferramentas de melhoria contínua. O propósito de usar uma ferramenta enxuta é configurar o processo de trabalho envolvido na produção, reduzindo assim o desperdício periodicamente. A ferramenta também visa melhorar o fluxo do processo, resultando na redução do fluxo de trabalho irregular em todo o piso. O sistema de tração do Kanban também descobriu improvisar o fluxo de materiais no chão de fábrica. A ferramenta de melhoria contínua ajuda na racionalização de trabalhos relacionados à implementação de obras e redução de desperdício. Neste trabalho, a implementação do 5s encontrou seu uso na criação de uma sala de ferramentas e um gráfico de ferramentas, juntamente com um sistema de tração introduzido para as ferramentas no pegboard. O uso de cartões Kanban como sistema pull no quadro de ferramentas da ferramenta é monitorar o fluxo da ferramenta para as unidades de produção no chão de impressão. A implementação do 5s na sala de pintura é organizar as latas de tingimento usadas para a atividade de configuração no processo de produção e tornar as latas de tingimento mais fáceis de encontrar para o operador. O PDCA (plan, do check, act) aciona uma das ferramentas de melhoria contínua implementadas para organizar as chapas de impressão em um sistema, criando e reduzindo o tempo de recuperação das chapas pelos operadores. SMED (single minute exchange of die) realizado nas unidades de produção para localizar as atividades envolvidas nas operações de configuração e reduzir o tempo necessário para executar as operações de configuração. Os resultados das implementações realizadas demonstraram ser satisfatórios que a sala de ferramentas é mantida periodicamente e o uso de cartões Kanban na tabela de ferramentas para alguma ferramenta sendo usada através de inspeções realizadas. Os sistemas implementados para organizar as chapas de impressão ajudaram a recuperar as chapas do sistema para que uma operação de configuração parecesse ter reduzido de 17 minutos para 3 minutos. A implementação de 5s na sala de pintura organizou as tintas de tingimento, comprovadamente úteis como o tempo necessário para os operadores obterem as tintas de corante e introduzilas no sistema, uma operação de configuração realizada para fins de produção observada durante o processo SMED

Mustang Daily, September 23, 1983

Student newspaper of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA.https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/studentnewspaper/4213/thumbnail.jp

Computation of Jet Cooling

Jet and spray cooling are found in numerous applications from computer temperature maintenance to waste water treatment. Here the use of the computational fluid dynamics modeling software: FLUENT, is used to analyze the cooling of a hot plate by a fluid jet. By creating geometries in GAMBIT (a meshing program) and then importing them into FLUENT, various fluid flow situations were modeled and analyzed, yielding numerous conclusions on the accuracy and benefits of using FLUENT

Analysis of the capabilities of continuous high-speed microcontact printing

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-87).Microcontact printing uses elastomeric stamps to transfer ink onto a substrate by the process of self-assembly. It has the capability to print features as small as 200nm over large areas. Because of this it has many potential industrial applications in areas such as the manufacture of flexible displays and electronics. Roll to roll is the best model for the commercialization of microcontact printing since it offers advantages such as high throughput, convenient material handling and conformal contact propagation. We have designed and built a tool to study the behavior of microcontact printing in a roll to roll paradigm, with the three fold objective of printing at high speeds, over large areas and obtaining good quality. This thesis emphasizes the experimental part of our project. We have obtained results as low as 28 microns over areas of 5.8"x5" and tight dimensional distributions within 1 micron. According to our results, there is no evidence that the printing load and printing speed have any effect on the printing quality. We have been able to print at speeds as high as 400 fpm with contact times of 7 ms, over 8"x 8", albeit with defects such as air trapping at very high speeds. We have also built a prototype to demonstrate continuous etching as an accompanying process.by Kanika Khanna.M.Eng

International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action

Standardization of tumor assessment lays the foundation for validation of grading systems, permits reproducibility of oncologic studies among investigators, and increases confidence in the significance of study results. Currently, there is minimal methodological standardization for assessing tumors in veterinary medicine, with few attempts to validate published protocols and grading schemes. The current article attempts to address these shortcomings by providing standard guidelines for tumor assessment parameters and protocols for evaluating specific tumor types. More detailed information is available in the Supplemental Files, the intention of which is 2-fold: publication as part of this commentary, but more importantly, these will be available as “living documents” on a website (www.vetcancerprotocols.org), which will be updated as new information is presented in the peer-reviewed literature. Our hope is that veterinary pathologists will agree that this initiative is needed, and will contribute to and utilize this information for routine diagnostic work and oncologic studies. Journal editors and reviewers can utilize checklists to ensure publications include sufficient detail and standardized methods of tumor assessment. To maintain the relevance of the guidelines and protocols, it is critical that the information is periodically updated and revised as new studies are published and validated with the intent of providing a repository of this information. Our hope is that this initiative (a continuation of efforts published in this journal in 2011) will facilitate collaboration and reproducibility between pathologists and institutions, increase case numbers, and strengthen clinical research findings, thus ensuring continued progress in veterinary oncologic pathology and improving patient care

Reusable modelling and simulation of flexible manufacturing for next generation semiconductor manufacturing facilities

Automated material handling systems (AMHS) in 300 mm semiconductor manufacturing facilities may need to evolve faster than expected considering the high performance demands on these facilities. Reusable simulation models are needed to cope with the demands of this dynamic environment and to deliver answers to the industry much faster. One vision for intrabay AMHS is to link a small group of intrabay AMHS systems, within a full manufacturing facility, together using what is called a Merge/Diverge link. This promises better operational performance of the AMHS when compared to operating two dedicated AMHS systems, one for interbay transport and the other for intrabay handling. A generic tool for modelling and simulation of an intrabay AMHS (GTIA-M&S) is built, which utilises a library of different blocks representing the different components of any intrabay material handling system. GTIA-M&S provides a means for rapid building and analysis of an intrabay AMHS under different operating conditions. The ease of use of the tool means that inexpert users have the ability to generate good models. Models developed by the tool can be executed with the merge/diverge capability enabled or disabled to provide comparable solutions to production demands and to compare these two different configurations of intrabay AMHS using a single simulation model. Finally, results from simulation experiments on a model developed using the tool were very informative in that they include useful decision making data, which can now be used to further enhance and update the design and operational characteristics of the intrabay AMHS