Estimation of the state of the domestic market of goods

The paper examines the state of the domestic market goods of Ukrainian, based on methodological approaches to assessing the state of the domestic market. The distribution of coefficients of change of individual indices of the internal market of goods with the account of information orientation of indicators is substantiated. The group of coefficients was substantiated and introduced and the method of calculation was determined. As a result, the distribution of indicators for assessing the state of the domestic market, taking into account their informational heterogeneity, was formed and substantiated. The evaluation of indicators of a functional nature, a structural nature, a factor and a determining factor was conducted in order to obtain a generalizing indicator of the state of the domestic market of goods

International trade as a channel of influence of globalization on economic development of the countries-parties of OBOR initiative

The paper is aimed to discuss the influence of promoting free-trade between countries participants of Belt and Road initiative. the globalization of world trade can facilitate growth, and to inhibit it. The latter is the case, if there is a fixing of specialization of developing countries in exporting raw materials. And this is a key challenge for Russia, in relation to participation in the OBOR initiative. Opportunities for mutual benefit and win-win cooperation in international trade within OBOR countries are discussed. The paper offers policy recommendations for Russia in the conditions of integration into the world economy in the framework of OBOR project

Reduced brain mammillary body volumes and memory deficits in adolescents who have undergone the Fontan procedure.

BackgroundAdolescents with single ventricle heart disease (SVHD) who have undergone the Fontan procedure show cognitive/memory deficits. Mammillary bodies are key brain sites that regulate memory; however, their integrity in SVHD is unclear. We evaluated mammillary body (MB) volumes and their associations with cognitive/memory scores in SVHD and controls.MethodsBrain MRI data were collected from 63 adolescents (25 SVHD; 38 controls) using a 3.0-Tesla MRI scanner. Cognition and memory were assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning 2. MB volumes were calculated and compared between groups (ANCOVA, covariates: age, sex, and total brain volume [TBV]). Partial correlations and linear regression were performed to examine associations between volumes and cognitive scores (covariates: age, sex, and TBV).ResultsSVHD group showed significantly lower MoCA and WRAML2 scores over controls. MB volumes were significantly reduced in SVHD over controls. After controlling for age, sex, and TBV, MB volumes correlated with MoCA and delayed memory recall scores in SVHD and controls.ConclusionAdolescents with SVHD show reduced MB volumes associated with cognitive/memory deficits. Potential mechanisms of volume losses may include developmental and/or hypoxic/ischemic-induced processes. Providers should screen for cognitive deficits and explore possible interventions to improve memory

Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Disparities between the United States mainland compared to Puerto Rico, Guam, and United States Virgin Islands (i. e., United States territories)

Background: No studies have compared the lifestyle behaviors between Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U. S. Virgin Islands to that of the United States mainland. Documenting and addressing health disparities between these geographically and culturally distinct areas are important public health objectives. Differences in health status between and among the United States mainland and territories merit systematic and careful analyses. Methods: Four key healthy lifestyle characteristics include tobacco use, body mass index, physical activity, and fruit/vegetable consumption. Data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N=420,481) were used to examine United States mainland and territorial differences among the four key healthy lifestyle behaviors. Descriptive statistics were summarized with chi-square tests for independence and multiple adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine differences in health compliance rates while controlling for age, gender, income, and education. Frequencies determined whether Healthy People 2010 goals were met by each location. Results: Differences were found between the United States mainland and territories for smoking rates, body mass index, physical activity, and consumption of fruit/vegetables. None of the countries met all four Healthy People 2010 goals. Discussion: Even though, each location had unique challenges, Puerto Ricans’ health behaviors were significantly less favorable than residents in the other countries. We document prevalence rates and differences by country for each of the four healthy lifestyle characteristics. This study highlights the need for more research in these understudied areas as well as the importance of effective health promotion and disease prevention programs for all United States citizens including the mainland and all territories

Magnetotail energy dissipation during an auroral substorm.

Violent releases of space plasma energy from the Earth's magnetotail during substorms produce strong electric currents and bright aurora. But what modulates these currents and aurora and controls dissipation of the energy released in the ionosphere? Using data from the THEMIS fleet of satellites and ground-based imagers and magnetometers, we show that plasma energy dissipation is controlled by field-aligned currents (FACs) produced and modulated during magnetotail topology change and oscillatory braking of fast plasma jets at 10-14 Earth radii in the nightside magnetosphere. FACs appear in regions where plasma sheet pressure and flux tube volume gradients are non-collinear. Faster tailward expansion of magnetotail dipolarization and subsequent slower inner plasma sheet restretching during substorm expansion and recovery phases cause faster poleward then slower equatorward movement of the substorm aurora. Anharmonic radial plasma oscillations build up displaced current filaments and are responsible for discrete longitudinal auroral arcs that move equatorward at a velocity of about 1km/s. This observed auroral activity appears sufficient to dissipate the released energy