11 research outputs found
Modelado de aplicaciones sensibles al contexto
Los Sistemas InformĂĄticos fueron evolucionando desde aplicaciones cientĂficas, comerciales y de escritorio, hasta el momento actual, en que pueden brindar servicios de acuerdo a la ubicaciĂłn, tiempo y perfil del usuario. Las aplicaciones que brindan este tipo de funcionalidad se denominan Aplicaciones Sensibles al Contexto (CA â Context Aware), donde tienen predominancia los dispositivos mĂłviles y el perfil del usuario. TambiĂ©n va cambiando la forma de uso de la computadora, evolucionando desde brindar servicios a pedido del usuario hasta brindarlos en forma automĂĄtica y extender la percepciĂłn y la interacciĂłn del usuario con el mundo real (realidad aumentada). La IngenierĂa de Aplicaciones CA se ocupa de proporcionar un enfoque sistematizado para desarrollar este tipo de aplicaciones. El propĂłsito de este proyecto es abarcar los aspectos de IngenierĂa del software para el desarrollo de aplicaciones CA y en particular aplicar patrones en el modelado.Eje: IngenierĂa de Software y Base de DatosRed de Universidades con Carreras en InformĂĄtica (RedUNCI
Modelado de aplicaciones sensibles al contexto
Los Sistemas InformĂĄticos fueron evolucionando desde aplicaciones cientĂficas, comerciales y de escritorio, hasta el momento actual, en que pueden brindar servicios de acuerdo a la ubicaciĂłn, tiempo y perfil del usuario. Las aplicaciones que brindan este tipo de funcionalidad se denominan Aplicaciones Sensibles al Contexto (CA â Context Aware), donde tienen predominancia los dispositivos mĂłviles y el perfil del usuario. TambiĂ©n va cambiando la forma de uso de la computadora, evolucionando desde brindar servicios a pedido del usuario hasta brindarlos en forma automĂĄtica y extender la percepciĂłn y la interacciĂłn del usuario con el mundo real (realidad aumentada). La IngenierĂa de Aplicaciones CA se ocupa de proporcionar un enfoque sistematizado para desarrollar este tipo de aplicaciones. El propĂłsito de este proyecto es abarcar los aspectos de IngenierĂa del software para el desarrollo de aplicaciones CA y en particular aplicar patrones en el modelado.Eje: IngenierĂa de Software y Base de DatosRed de Universidades con Carreras en InformĂĄtica (RedUNCI
INVESTIGATING THE USERâS SATISFACTION OF WOMEN IN KITCHEN DESIGN
This study presents a dedicated analysis on the influence of women in kitchen design. It attempts to highlight through practical description, the specific expectations of typical
Nigerian women on how their kitchen spaces should be designed and organized. The aim of this study is to investigate women expectation in an ideal kitchen design for residential houses in Nigeria. The study adopted the questionnaire survey technique to collect the main usersâ
expectation about their kitchens to help designers to deeply understand, organize and implement their needs. The respondents were selected from Federal housing estate, Iyana
Ipaja, Lagos State and Covenant University Staff Estate, Canaan Land Ota, Ogun State. SPSS 14 was utilized to evaluate the demands and expectations of women in the study. The Research indicates that women desire to carry out more tasks in the kitchen. The findings shows that women desire for an ideal kitchen is to be designed and organized to suit their busy life styles but much less has been focused on by Architects in their designs. The study concludes that the
kitchen design should be taken more serious in a typical Nigerian house in other to make mothers happy on whose shoulders the huge social cultural expectations lies
From Wearable Sensors to Smart Implants â Towards Pervasive and Personalised Healthcare
<p>Objective: This article discusses the evolution of pervasive healthcare from its inception for activity recognition using wearable sensors to the future of sensing implant deployment and data processing. Methods: We provide an overview of some of the past milestones and recent developments, categorised into different generations of pervasive sensing applications for health monitoring. This is followed by a review on recent technological advances that have allowed unobtrusive continuous sensing combined with diverse technologies to reshape the clinical workflow for both acute and chronic disease management. We discuss the opportunities of pervasive health monitoring through data linkages with other health informatics systems including the mining of health records, clinical trial databases, multi-omics data integration and social media. Conclusion: Technical advances have supported the evolution of the pervasive health paradigm towards preventative, predictive, personalised and participatory medicine. Significance: The sensing technologies discussed in this paper and their future evolution will play a key role in realising the goal of sustainable healthcare systems.</p>
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Human behaviour modelling in complex socio-technical systems : an agent based approach
For many years we have been striving to understand human behaviour and our interactions with our socio-technological environment. By advancing our knowledge in this area, we have helped the design of new or improved work processes and technologies. Historically, much of the work in analysing social interactions has been conducted within the social sciences. However, computer simulation has brought an extra tool in trying to understand and model human behaviours. Using an agent based approach this presentation describes my work in constructing computational models of human behaviour for informing design through simulation. With examples from projects in two main application areas of crisis and emergency management, and energy management I describe how my work addresses some main issues in agent based social simulation. The first concerns the process by which we develop these models. The second lies in the nature of socio-technical systems. Human societies are a perfect example of a complex system exhibiting characteristics of self-organisation, adaptability and showing emergent phenomena such as cooperation and robustness. I describe how complex systems theory may be applied to improve our understanding of socio-technical systems, and how our micro level interactions lead to emergent mutual awareness for problem-solving. From agent based simulation systems I show how context awareness may be modelled. Looking forward to the future, I discuss how the increasing prevalence of artificial agents in our society will cause us to re-examine the new types of interactions and cooperative behaviours that will emerge.Depuis de nombreuses annĂ©es, nous nous sommes efforcĂ©s de comprendre le comportement humain et nos interactions avec l'environnement sociotechnique. GrĂące Ă l'avancĂ©e de nos connaissances dans ce domaine, nous avons contribuĂ© Ă la conception de technologies et de processus de travail nouveaux ou amĂ©liorĂ©s. Historiquement, une part importante du travail d'analyse des interactions sociales fut entreprise au sein des sciences sociales. Cependant, la simulation informatique a apportĂ© un nouvel outil pour tenter de comprendre et de modĂ©liser les comportements humains. En utilisant une approche Ă base d'agents, cette prĂ©sentation dĂ©crit mon travail sur la construction de modĂšles informatiques du comportement humain pour guider la conception par la simulation. A l'aide d'exemples issus de projets des deux domaines d'application que sont la gestion des crises et de l'urgence et la gestion de l'Ă©nergie, je dĂ©cris comment mon travail aborde certains problĂšmes centraux Ă la simulation sociale Ă base d'agents. Le premier concerne le processus par lequel nous dĂ©veloppons ces modĂšles. Le second problĂšme provient de la nature des systĂšmes sociotechniques. Les sociĂ©tĂ©s humaines constituent un exemple parfait de systĂšme complexe possĂ©dant des caractĂ©ristiques d'auto-organisation et d'adaptabilitĂ©, et affichant des phĂ©nomĂšnes Ă©mergents tels que la coopĂ©ration et la robustesse. Je dĂ©cris comment la thĂ©orie des systĂšmes complexes peut ĂȘtre appliquĂ©e pour amĂ©liorer notre comprĂ©hension des systĂšmes sociotechniques, et comment nos interactions au niveau microscopique mĂšnent Ă l'Ă©mergence d'une conscience mutuelle pour la rĂ©solution de problĂšmes. A partir de systĂšmes de simulation Ă base d'agents, je montre comment la conscience du contexte peut ĂȘtre modĂ©lisĂ©e. En terme de perspectives, j'expliquerai comment la hausse de la prĂ©valence des agents artificiels dans notre sociĂ©tĂ© nous forcera Ă considĂ©rer de nouveaux types d'interactions et de comportements coopĂ©ratifs
Human factors of ubiquitous computing: ambient cueing in the digital kitchen?
This thesis is concerned with the uses of Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) in everyday domestic environments. The concept of UbiComp promises to shift computing away from the desktop into everyday objects and settings. It has the twin goals of providing âtransparentâ technologies where the information has been thoroughly embedded into everyday activities and objects (thus making the computer invisible to the user) and also (and more importantly) of seamless integration of these technologies into the activities of their users. However, this raises the challenge of how best to support interaction with a âtransparentâ or âinvisibleâ technology; if the technology is made visible, it will attract the user's attention to it and away from the task at hand, but if it is hidden, then how can the user cope with malfunctions or other problems in the technology?
We approach the design of Human-Computer Interaction in the ubiquitous environment through the use of ambient displays, i.e. the use of subtle cueing, embedded in the environment which is intended to guide human activity. This thesis draws on the concept of stimulus-response compatibility and applies this to the design ambient display. This thesis emphasizes the need to understand the usersâ perspectives and responses in any particular approach that has been proposed. Therefore, the main contributions of this thesis focus on approaches to improve human performance in the ubiquitous environment through ambient display
Artful Systems: Investigating everyday practices of family life to inform the design of information technology for the home
This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The research in this thesis was motivated by an interest in understanding the work and effort that goes into organising family homes, with the aim of informing the design of novel information technology for the home. It was undertaken to address a notable absence of in-depth research into domestic
information and communication technology in the fields of Human Computer
Interaction (HCI) and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). To that end, this thesis presents an ethnographic study of everyday routines in thirteen family homes. Following an established tradition within
HCI and CSCW, the study applies qualitative fieldwork methods as a means to investigate and interpret the empirical materials. Periods of extended observation and semi-structured interviews with the thirteen families over a three-year period form the basis of the empirical material. The materials are analysed using a hybrid perspective composed of a combination of influences from the study of material culture, to interaction analysis and ethnography. The hybrid analytical perspective draws out insights regarding the
familiesâ mundane practices and the artfully devised solutions they use to organise daily life. Four household activities and artefacts are given specific focus: (i) household list making, (ii) the display qualities of refrigerator doors, (iii) the organisation of household clutter, and (iv) the devising of bespoke solutions in organising home life. Broader findings include the observations that people tailor solutions to meet their needs, that optimum efficiency is not the pre-eminent determinant in what method or artefact people choose to organise themselves and their homes, and that homes determine their
individual characters in part by how everyday tasks and organisation are accomplished. In short, the personal qualities of these mundane practices are
part of what makes a home a home. These findings are used to elicit implications for information technology design, with the aim of encouraging designers of domestic technology to be aware of and respectful towards the idiosyncratic nature of the home, and, wherever possible, to design in such a way as to allow the technology to be
appropriated for familiesâ bespoke tailoring. To evaluate and address this point, two design projects, one on augmented magnets and another on a âmedia bowlâ, are used to develop and test out this approach. Both projects are critically examined to reflect on the efficacy of the design approach and what lessons might be learnt for future studies and design exercises. The
combination of detailed ethnographic fieldwork on family homes combined with the development of experimental design projects is intended to deepen the understanding of the mundane behaviours and everyday routines of family homes, in order to better inform the design of information technology for the
home
Towards sustainable use: design behaviour intervention to reduce household environment impact
The use of electrical products has a significant environmental impact, mainly
determined by user behaviour, which has overridden the energy efficiency gains in the
household from technological and educational solutions. Designers are identifiably in a
position to plan and shape the way in which consumption occurs and to fill the gap
between values and everyday user actions. Despite this, the literature demonstrates
that the use phase of the product life cycle is often neglected in sustainable design. Few
attempts have been made to change user behaviour through design-led interventions to
limit its environmental burdens. In addition, there is a lack of understanding of users
perceptions of environmental issues with reference to the specific context: actual use,
habits and fundamental needs of the product as well as the behaviour changing
products. This makes creating sustainable use of the household appliance lessen the
significance of its original purpose.
The aim of this research is to seek the role that design could play in influencing more
sustainable actions to reduce environmental household impacts. Based on a
comprehensive literature review in diverse disciplinary fields of enquiry, a Design
Behaviour Intervention Model has been established to bridge the social-psychological
theories of behaviour and the behaviour intervention approaches. To inform this
enquiry, a single product type (household cold appliance) was chosen as a case study to
explore the capacity of a qualitative behaviour study to identify unsustainable aspects
of product use. Two design activities were carried out: one examining the designer s
ability to respond to the design brief and the other applying the findings that emerged
from the in-depth behaviour analysis and the model into the design process. The
selected outcomes from the design study are evaluated by a focus group to uncover the
users acceptance level of these concepts and the behaviour intervention approaches
applied.
The collective findings are discussed along with the usefulness and effectiveness of the
Design Behaviour Intervention Model in Design for Sustainable Behaviour. This
research highlights that a detailed user study is not only the first step for improving
energy efficiency in product use but also the origin of innovative design concepts to tap
the market by providing better and greener use experiences. Useful insights on primary
findings have emerged: the effectiveness of applying the social-psychological theory in
the Sustainable Design domain; principles of improving effectiveness and acceptability
of the behaviour interventions; and a guide for Design for Sustainable Behaviour