Study of Augmented Reality based manufacturing for further integration of quality control 4.0: a systematic literature review

Augmented Reality (AR) has gradually become a mainstream technology enabling Industry 4.0 and its maturity has also grown over time. AR has been applied to support different processes on the shop-floor level, such as assembly, maintenance, etc. As various processes in manufacturing require high quality and near-zero error rates to ensure the demands and safety of end-users, AR can also equip operators with immersive interfaces to enhance productivity, accuracy and autonomy in the quality sector. However, there is currently no systematic review paper about AR technology enhancing the quality sector. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to conclude about the emerging interest in using AR as an assisting technology for the quality sector in an industry 4.0 context. Five research questions (RQs), with a set of selection criteria, are predefined to support the objectives of this SLR. In addition, different research databases are used for the paper identification phase following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology to find the answers for the predefined RQs. It is found that, in spite of staying behind the assembly and maintenance sector in terms of AR-based solutions, there is a tendency towards interest in developing and implementing AR-assisted quality applications. There are three main categories of current AR-based solutions for quality sector, which are AR-based apps as a virtual Lean tool, AR-assisted metrology and AR-based solutions for in-line quality control. In this SLR, an AR architecture layer framework has been improved to classify articles into different layers which are finally integrated into a systematic design and development methodology for the development of long-term AR-based solutions for the quality sector in the future

ISAR: Ein Autorensystem für Interaktive Tische

Developing augmented reality systems involves several challenges, that prevent end users and experts from non-technical domains, such as education, to experiment with this technology. In this research we introduce ISAR, an authoring system for augmented reality tabletops targeting users from non-technical domains. ISAR allows non-technical users to create their own interactive tabletop applications and experiment with the use of this technology in domains such as educations, industrial training, and medical rehabilitation.Die Entwicklung von Augmented-Reality-Systemen ist mit mehreren Herausforderungen verbunden, die Endbenutzer und Experten aus nicht-technischen Bereichen, wie z.B. dem Bildungswesen, daran hindern, mit dieser Technologie zu experimentieren. In dieser Forschung stellen wir ISAR vor, ein Autorensystem für Augmented-Reality-Tabletops, das sich an Benutzer aus nicht-technischen Bereichen richtet. ISAR ermöglicht es nicht-technischen Anwendern, ihre eigenen interaktiven Tabletop-Anwendungen zu erstellen und mit dem Einsatz dieser Technologie in Bereichen wie Bildung, industrieller Ausbildung und medizinischer Rehabilitation zu experimentieren

The Augmented Reality Systems in a Maintenance of Equipment tutorial context

O desenvolvimento da Realidade Aumentada como um conceito e as técnicas disponíveis relacionadas têm vindo a estabilizar ao longo dos anos, permitindo o aparecimento de uma numerosa quantidade de aplicações de Realidade Aumentada em áreas como a medicina, design, manutenção e reparação, anotação e visualização, planeamento de trajectória de robôs, aviação militar e entretimento que tem recebido mais atenção.Embora muitas dessas áreas tenham demonstrado as vantagens da Realidade Aumentada, ainda existem algumas aberturas por preencher. A montagem e manutenção de equipmento, por exemplo, tem sido um tema de estudo investigado minuciosamente.Várias aplicações têm sido desenvolvidas que demonstram os benefícios da Realidade Aumentada em tarefas de montagem, mas o ponto principal de inovação desta dissertação foca-se em permitir a criação de Tutoriais de montagem utilizando Realidade Aumentada através do mesmo sistema de Realidade Aumentada que permite a execução do tutorial. A criação de tutoriais seria efectuada através da utilização de um digitalizador 3D, de modo a identificar cuidadosamente a localização da próxima peça a ser montada.Augmented Reality's development as a concept and available related techniques have been stabilizing throughout the years, allowing a numerous of AR applications to appear in several areas such as medical, design, maintenance and repair, annotation and visualization, robot path planning, military aircraft and entertainment which has received the most attention.While many of those areas have shown the advantages AR can bring, there are still some loopholes that need to be filled. Assembly and maintenance of equipment, for instance, has been a thoroughly investigated subject of study in AR.Many applications have been developed which demonstrate the benefits of AR in assembly tasks, but this dissertation's main innovative point is to allow the creation of AR assembly tutorials using the same AR system that allows its tutorial execution. The creation of tutorials would be carried out through the use of a manual 3D Digitizer, in order to carefully pinpoint each location of the next assembly component

Website Technology Trends for Augmented Reality Development

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that is gaining increasing attention from academics and industry. AR is relied upon to be an innovative technology to enrich ways of interacting with the physical and cyberspace around users that can enhance user experience in various fields. Platforms for AR applications are usually hardware based and mobile based, for mobile applications AR is usually based. AR-based hardware requires quite expensive support, this is seen from the rendering space requirements and this makes it inflexible while AR-based applications on mobile smartphones require large storage space and do not make it convenient for cross-platform use. Currently many researchers are trying to create and develop website-based AR, as a solution to the spread of AR to be flexible and save storage space, website technology development trends are used as a method for improving the performance of website-based AR. Other support comes from open-source software and more developer platforms and program courses for Web AR that are made public. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art, various methods, technologies and challenges of existing AR, this can be a trigger for more research interest and efforts to provide AR experienc

An Efficient and Robust Mobile Augmented Reality Application

AR technology is perceived to be evolved from the bases of Virtual Reality (VR) technology. The ultimate goal of AR is to provide better management and ubiquitous access to information by using seamless techniques in which the interactive real world is combined with an interactive computer-generated world in one coherent environment. The direction of research in the field of AR has been shifted from traditional Desktop based mediums to the mobile devices such as the smartphones. However, image recognition on smartphones enforces many restrictions and challenges in the form of efficiency and robustness which are the general performance measurement of image recognition. Smart phones have limited processing capabilities as compared to the PC platform, hence the process of mobile AR application development and use of image recognition algorithm need to be emphasised. The processes of mobile AR application development include detection, description and matching. All the processes and algorithms need to be carefully selected in order to create an efficient and robust mobile AR application. The algorithm used in this work for detection, description and matching are AGAST, FREAK and Hamming distance respectively. The computation time, robustness towards rotation, scale and brightness are evaluated. The dataset used to evaluate the mobile AR application is the benchmark dataset; Mikolajczyk. The results showed that the mobile AR application is efficient with a computation time of 29.1ms. The robustness towards scale, rotation and brightness changes of the mobile AR application also obtained high accuracy which is 89.76%, 87.71% and 83.87% respectively. Hence, combination of algorithm AGAST, FREAK and Hamming distance are suitable to create an efficient and robust mobile AR application

A systematic review of augmented reality applications in maintenance

Augmented Reality (AR) technologies for supporting maintenance operations have been an academic research topic for around 50 years now. In the last decade, major progresses have been made and the AR technology is getting closer to being implemented in industry. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of AR have been explored and quantified in terms of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for industrial maintenance. Unfortunately, some technical issues still prevent AR from being suitable for industrial applications. This paper aims to show, through the results of a systematic literature review, the current state of the art of AR in maintenance and the most relevant technical limitations. The analysis included filtering from a large number of publications to 30 primary studies published between 1997 and 2017. The results indicate a high fragmentation among hardware, software and AR solutions which lead to a high complexity for selecting and developing AR systems. The results of the study show the areas where AR technology still lacks maturity. Future research directions are also proposed encompassing hardware, tracking and user-AR interaction in industrial maintenance is proposed