Random equations in nilpotent groups

In this paper we study satisfiability of random equations in an infinite finitely generated nilpotent group G. We show that the set SAT(G,k) of all equations in k > 1 variables over G which are satisfiable in G has an intermediate asymptotic density in the space of all equations in k variables over G. When G is a free abelian group of finite rank, we compute this density precisely; otherwise we give some non-trivial upper and lower bounds. For k = 1 the set SAT(G,k) is negligible. Usually the asymptotic densities of interesting sets in groups are either zero or one. The results of this paper provide new examples of algebraically significant sets of intermediate asymptotic density.Comment: 25 page

On the Proof by Reductio ad Absurdum of the Hohenberg-Kohn Theorem for Ensembles of Fractionally Occupied States of Coulomb Systems

It is demonstrated that the original reductio ad absurdum proof of the generalization of the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem for ensembles of fractionally occupied states for isolated many-electron Coulomb systems with Coulomb-type external potentials by Gross et al. [Phys. Rev. A 37, 2809 (1988)] is self-contradictory since the to-be-refuted assumption (negation) regarding the ensemble one-electron densities and the assumption about the external potentials are logically incompatible to each other due to the Kato electron-nuclear cusp theorem. It is however proved that the Kato theorem itself provides a satisfactory proof of this theorem.Comment: 9 pages. Int. J. Quantum Chem., to appea

"Quantum phase transitions" in classical nonequilibrium processes

Diffusion limited reaction of the Lotka-Volterra type is analyzed taking into account the discrete nature of the reactants. In the continuum approximation, the dynamics is dominated by an elliptic fixed-point. This fixed-point becomes unstable due to discretization effects, a scenario similar to quantum phase transitions. As a result, the long-time asymptotic behavior of the system changes and the dynamics flows into a limit cycle. The results are verified by numerical simulations.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures include

Ballistic transport in the one-dimensional Hubbard model: the hydrodynamic approach

We outline a general formalism of hydrodynamics for quantum systems with multiple particle species which undergo completely elastic scattering. In the thermodynamic limit, the complete kinematic data of the problem consists of the particle content, the dispersion relations, and a universal dressing transformation which accounts for interparticle interactions. We consider quantum integrable models and we focus on the one-dimensional fermionic Hubbard model. By linearizing hydrodynamic equations, we provide exact closed-form expressions for Drude weights, generalized static charge susceptibilities and charge-current correlators valid on hydrodynamic scale, represented as integral kernels operating diagonally in the space of mode numbers of thermodynamic excitations. We find that, on hydrodynamic scales, Drude weights manifestly display Onsager reciprocal relations even for generic (i.e. non-canonical) equilibrium states, and establish a generalized detailed balance condition for a general quantum integrable model. We present the first exact analytic expressions for the general Drude weights in the Hubbard model, and explain how to reconcile different approaches for computing Drude weights from the previous literature.Comment: 4 pages + supplemental materia

Potential functionals versus density functionals

Potential functional approximations are an intriguing alternative to density functional approximations. The potential functional that is dual to the Lieb density functional is defined and properties given. The relationship between Thomas-Fermi theory as a density functional and as a potential functional is derived. The properties of several recent semiclassical potential functionals are explored, especially in their approach to the large particle number and classical continuum limits. The lack of ambiguity in the energy density of potential functional approximations is demonstrated. The density-density response function of the semiclassical approximation is calculated and shown to violate a key symmetry condition