A critical period of development for auditory memory and the auditory scaffolding hypothesis

This paper discusses whether or not a critical period of development exists for auditory memory and the educational implications for children who are deaf or hard of hearing

A Satellite Association Procedure

A procedure is derived for estimating the consistency of a radar observation of an object with a prediction of an orbiting object. This procedure may be of use as an association procedure., i.e., to insure that data is indeed being taken on an intended object before associating the new data with old data on the object. Specifically we show that, with reasonable assumptions about the observational and prediction errors, a quadratic form associated with the position error vector has a chi-square distribution with 3 degrees of freedom. Thus we can compute the probability of the residual if the observation and the prediction come from the same object. A low probability is taken as an indication that the prediction and observation refer to different objects. The computational procedure is described in detail, and a Monte Carlo run is included to demonstrate the correctness of the procedure

Evaluative criteria for special education for physically handicapped children in the public schools.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Silence to Signs: Bridging the Communiction Gap for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Inmates in Prisons

This paper explores the failure of American prison systems to provide communication access to deaf and hard of hearing prisoners. Sign language is sparsely accessible to deaf individuals in prisons. Communication and access to language are key to the human condition and democratic participation. When prison administrations ban sign language, deaf individuals are prevented from accessing programs and services that would lead to lower recidivism rates, and they are prevented from participating democracy. Since use of sign language is a natural part of many individuals’ deaf experience, barring its use is also a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The legislation states that deaf individuals must have equal access to services and benefits provided by public entities. Prisons are one type of public entity, and they are required to provide reasonable accommodations for deaf and hard-of-hearing prisoners. This article addresses issues regarding deaf prisoners’ right to communication and provides a thorough understanding of Deaf culture and communication, and the importance of sign language to both of these. The project attempts to dig deeper into the research question of how sign language is inseparably linked to effective communication access for deaf and hard of hearing people. Secondly, it addresses whether if American Sign Language (ASL) classes should be offered in prisons. The author recommends offering free ASL classes, to improve communication access for deaf and hard-of-hearing prisoners, to improve access to services and programs the correctional facility provides and to increase knowledge of and sensitivity to Deaf culture and communication within the staff and hearing prison population. This recommendation and project require further research because the subjects of this project interviews indicated that there may be a split within the deaf prison community as whether to take the classes

Suggested approach for establishing a rehabilitation engineering information service for the state of California

An ever expanding body of rehabilitation engineering technology is developing in this country, but it rarely reaches the people for whom it is intended. The increasing concern of state and federal departments of rehabilitation for this technology lag was the stimulus for a series of problem-solving workshops held in California during 1977. As a result of the workshops, the recommendation emerged that the California Department of Rehabilitation take the lead in the development of a coordinated delivery system that would eventually serve the entire state and be a model for similar systems across the nation

Southwest Research Institute assistance to NASA in biomedical areas of the technology

Significant applications of aerospace technology were achieved. These applications include: a miniaturized, noninvasive system to telemeter electrocardiographic signals of heart transplant patients during their recuperative period as graded situations are introduced; and economical vital signs monitor for use in nursing homes and rehabilitation hospitals to indicate the onset of respiratory arrest; an implantable telemetry system to indicate the onset of the rejection phenomenon in animals undergoing cardiac transplants; an exceptionally accurate current proportional temperature controller for pollution studies; an automatic, atraumatic blood pressure measurement device; materials for protecting burned areas in contact with joint bender splints; a detector to signal the passage of animals by a given point during ecology studies; and special cushioning for use with below-knee amputees to protect the integrity of the skin at the stump/prosthesis interface

The language and literacy skills and behaviours of two middle primary severely to profoundly hearing impaired students in the school environment

Much research has shown that the hearing impaired population typically achieve only very low levels of literacy. Many researchers have examined the language and literacy deficits of the hearing impaired population in order to explain this. Nevertheless, a recent study has shown that hearing impaired children\u27s preschool language and literacy development may occur along a similar pathway to that of their hearing peers. The present study aimed to investigate the language and literacy skills, behaviours and interactions of two severely to profoundly hearing impaired middle primary boys in the context of their mainstream school. Both qualitative and quantitative data sources were accessed, which included background records, interviews, standardised testing, sample analyses and observations in the school environment. The boys were reported as having strong visual skills. Results showed that whilst they displayed delays in receptive language and metalinguistic awareness both boys were able to read, but with different levels of achievement: one showed delays in both word recognition and comprehension; the other demonstrated particularly strong word recognition but less highly developed comprehension. There were also differences between the boys in their levels of writing and social language. Nevertheless, whilst one of them showed appropriate social language and interaction skills, they were both often excluded by their hearing peers. Various peer, teacher and environmental factors were identified within the school setting which may have interfered with the boys\u27 social interactions and language and literacy learning. These findings are interpreted in terms of theories of language and literacy acquisition in hearing impaired children and their integration into mainstream settings. Some implications for educational practice and further research are presented

Captioning and Subtitling for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences

Captioning and Subtitling for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences is a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of captioning and subtitling, a discipline that has evolved quickly in recent years. This guide is of a practical nature and contains examples and exercises at the end of each chapter. Some of the tasks stimulate reflection on the practice and reception, while others focus on particular captioning and SDH areas, such as paralinguistic features, music and sound effects.The requirements of d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences are analysed in detail and are accompanied by linguistic and technical considerations. These considerations, though shared with generic subtitling parameters, are discussed specifically with d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences in mind. The reader will become familiar with the characteristics and needs of d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences, and the diversity – including cultural and linguistic differences – within this group of people. Based on first-hand experience in the field, the book also provides a step-by-step guide to making live performances accessible to d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences. As well as exploring all linguistic and technical matters related to the creation of captions, aspects related to the overall set up of the captioned performance are discussed. The guide will be valuable reading to students of audiovisual translation at undergraduate and postgraduate level, to professional subtitlers and captioners, and to any organisation or venue that engages with d/Deaf and hard of hearing people. ; Captioning and Subtitling for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences is a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of captioning and subtitling

Captioning and Subtitling for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences

Captioning and Subtitling for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences is a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of captioning and subtitling, a discipline that has evolved quickly in recent years. This guide is of a practical nature and contains examples and exercises at the end of each chapter. Some of the tasks stimulate reflection on the practice and reception, while others focus on particular captioning and SDH areas, such as paralinguistic features, music and sound effects.The requirements of d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences are analysed in detail and are accompanied by linguistic and technical considerations. These considerations, though shared with generic subtitling parameters, are discussed specifically with d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences in mind. The reader will become familiar with the characteristics and needs of d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences, and the diversity – including cultural and linguistic differences – within this group of people. Based on first-hand experience in the field, the book also provides a step-by-step guide to making live performances accessible to d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences. As well as exploring all linguistic and technical matters related to the creation of captions, aspects related to the overall set up of the captioned performance are discussed. The guide will be valuable reading to students of audiovisual translation at undergraduate and postgraduate level, to professional subtitlers and captioners, and to any organisation or venue that engages with d/Deaf and hard of hearing people. ; Captioning and Subtitling for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences is a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of captioning and subtitling