Brand placements in video games: How local in‐game experiences influence brand attitudes

Brand placements are omnipresent in video games, but their overall effect on brand attitudes is small and varies substantially between studies. The present research takes an evaluative conditioning perspective to explain when and how brand placements in video games influence brand attitudes. In two experiments with a 3D first-person video game, we show that only brands encountered during positive in-game experiences benefit from the placement, but not those encountered during negative in-game experiences. Building on the cognitive processes underlying evaluative conditioning, we also show that brand attitudes largely depend on the memory for the pairing of a brand with positive/negative in-game experiences. Pairing memory and thus also evaluative conditioning effects increase when players attend to the pairing of brands and positive/negative experiences, for example, when such pairings are a central part of the game\u27s storyline. Overall, our findings show that evaluative conditioning and its cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to explain and predict advertising effects in applied settings, such as brand placements in video games

Brand placements in video games: How local in-game experiences influence brand attitudes

Brand placements are omnipresent in video games, but their overall effect on brand attitudes is small and varies substantially between studies. The present research takes an evaluative conditioning perspective to explain when and how brand placements in video games influence brand attitudes. In two experiments with a 3D first-person video game, we show that only brands encountered during positive in-game experiences benefit from the placement, but not those encountered during negative in-game experiences. Building on the cognitive processes underlying evaluative conditioning, we also show that brand attitudes largely depend on the memory for the pairing of a brand with positive/negative in-game experiences. Pairing memory and thus also evaluative conditioning effects increase when players attend to the pairing of brands and positive/negative experiences, for example, when such pairings are a central part of the game\u27s storyline. Overall, our findings show that evaluative conditioning and its cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to explain and predict advertising effects in applied settings, such as brand placements in video games

Attention Restraint, Working Memory Capacity, and Mind Wandering: Do Emotional Valence or Intentionality Matter?

Attention restraint appears to mediate the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC) and mind wandering (Kane et al., 2016). Prior work has identifed two dimensions of mind wandering—emotional valence and intentionality. However, less is known about how WMC and attention restraint correlate with these dimensions. Te current study examined the relationship between WMC, attention restraint, and mind wandering by emotional valence and intentionality. A confrmatory factor analysis demonstrated that WMC and attention restraint were strongly correlated, but only attention restraint was related to overall mind wandering, consistent with prior fndings. However, when examining the emotional valence of mind wandering, attention restraint and WMC were related to negatively and positively valenced, but not neutral, mind wandering. Attention restraint was also related to intentional but not unintentional mind wandering. Tese results suggest that WMC and attention restraint predict some, but not all, types of mind wandering

Effects of emotion and interoception on memory

Emotional events are usually remembered better than neutral events. For example, people usually remember instances of own success or failure better than mundane events. Despite the abundant literature on the interaction between emotion and memory, there are still some unanswered questions with regards to the effects of emotion on memory and moderators of emotional memory. One of these questions concerns whether and how emotion affects memory for neutral information encountered later. The second question concerns the sources of individual differences in emotional memory. There are individual differences in emotional memory; such that some individuals may be predisposed to remember negative information more than positive or vice versa. Such differences in emotional memory may be rooted in individual differences in the bodily responses (interoception) as well as brain’s functional organisation. In the present thesis, each of these questions was addressed across three studies. The first study examined how experiencing emotional arousal affects memory of neutral information encountered minutes later; and whether the goal-relevance of the information modulates the effects of emotional arousal. Using a public speech task combined with false heart rate feedback, the study found that emotional arousal does not affect memory of neutral items viewed minutes later, irrespective of their goal-relevance. The second study examined the effects of interoception on emotional memory by presenting heartbeat biofeedback while presenting emotional images. The study revealed that attending to heartbeat biofeedback leads to increased negativity bias in memory, suggesting that interoception may play key roles in individual differences in memory for emotional items concurrently presented. The third study investigated the association between resting-state functional connectivity and emotional memory in a large dataset, utilising machine learning algorithms. Yet resting-state functional connectivity was not associated with individual differences in emotional memory. In sum, the studies reported in the thesis cast doubts on some of the previous literature’s claims that a) emotional arousal affects memory for other information individuals encounter subsequently and b) resting-state connectivity is useful to predict individual differences in emotional memory or cognitive processing in general. The findings also showed the effect of attention to heartbeats on emotional memory, suggesting that interoception may be associated with individual differences in emotional memory. The research has practical implications and theoretical implications leading to better understanding of the effects and moderators of emotional memory

Proceedings of the 19th Sound and Music Computing Conference

Proceedings of the 19th Sound and Music Computing Conference - June 5-12, 2022 - Saint-Étienne (France). https://smc22.grame.f

Proceedings of the 11th international Conference on Cognitive Modeling : ICCM 2012

The International Conference on Cognitive Modeling (ICCM) is the premier conference for research on computational models and computation-based theories of human behavior. ICCM is a forum for presenting, discussing, and evaluating the complete spectrum of cognitive modeling approaches, including connectionism, symbolic modeling, dynamical systems, Bayesian modeling, and cognitive architectures. ICCM includes basic and applied research, across a wide variety of domains, ranging from low-level perception and attention to higher-level problem-solving and learning. Online-Version published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin (www.univerlag.tu-berlin.de

Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021

This open access book is the proceedings of the International Federation for IT and Travel & Tourism (IFITT)’s 28th Annual International eTourism Conference, which assembles the latest research presented at the ENTER21@yourplace virtual conference January 19–22, 2021. This book advances the current knowledge base of information and communication technologies and tourism in the areas of social media and sharing economy, technology including AI-driven technologies, research related to destination management and innovations, COVID-19 repercussions, and others. Readers will find a wealth of state-of-the-art insights, ideas, and case studies on how information and communication technologies can be applied in travel and tourism as we encounter new opportunities and challenges in an unpredictable world