Stochastic Power Management Strategy for in-Wheel Motor Electric Vehicles

In this thesis, we propose a stochastic power management strategy for in-wheel motor electric vehicles (IWM-EVs) to optimize energy consumption and to increase driving range. The driving range for EVs is a critical issue since the battery is the only source of energy. Considering the unpredictable nature of the driver’s power demand, a stochastic dynamic programing (SDP) control scheme is employed. The Policy Iteration Algorithm, one of the efficient SDP algorithms for infinite horizon problems, is used to calculate the optimal policies which are time-invariant and can be implemented directly in real-time application. Applying this control package to a high-fidelity model of an in-wheel motor electric vehicle developed in the Autonomie/Simulink environment results in considerable battery charge economy performance, while it is completely free to launch since it does not need further sensor and communication system. In addition, a skid avoidance algorithm is integrated to the power management strategy to maintain the wheels’ slip ratios within the desired values. Undesirable slip ratio causes poor brake and traction control performances and therefore should be avoided. The simulation results with the integrated power management and skid avoidance systems show that this system improves the braking performance while maintaining the power efficiency of the power management system

Sensor network design for a secure electric energy infrastructure

With the increasing threat of terrorism around the world, more attention has been paid to the security of the electric transmission infrastructure. Events in countries like Colombia, which has experienced as much as 200 terrorist attacks on its transmission infrastructure per year, show the vulnerability of the power system to these kinds of events. Although it is very difficult to avoid or predict when and where these terrorist acts can occur, quick assessment of the situation can help operators to take the optimal actions in order to avoid cascading events and the consequent partial or total blackouts. Wireless sensor networks are becoming the technology of choice for sensing applications mostly due to their ease of installation and associated lower costs. This thesis proposes a novel conceptual design for an application of wireless sensor technology for assessing the structural health of transmission lines and their implementation to improve the observability and reliability of power systems. A two layers model is presented for overcoming the communication range limitations of smart sensors and two operational modes are introduced. The main goal was to obtain a complete physical and electrical picture of the power system in real time, and determine appropriate control measures that could be automatically taken and/or suggested to the system operators once an extreme mechanical condition appears in a transmission line. For evaluating the feasibility of the concept, a dispatcher training simulator (DTS) based on the energy management system (EMS) platform from AREVA T&D was used for simulating the operation of the electric power system in real time as it is monitored at an actual energy control center

Multi-Agent Systems Based Advanced Energy Management of Smart Micro-grid

Microgrids play a major role in enabling the widespread adoption of renewable distributed energy resources. However, as the power generated from renewable resources is intermittent in nature, it impacts the dynamics and stability of the microgrid, and hence their integration needs new approaches to coordination and control. The existing systems lack run-time adaptive behavior. To face these constraints, the electric energy system must adapt by integrating Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Multiagent system (MAS) is emerging as an integrated solution approach to distributed computing, communication, and data integration needs for smart grid application. Distributed and heterogeneous information can be efficiently processed locally, but utilized globally to coordinate distributed knowledge networks, resulting in reduction of information processing time and network bandwidth. Parallel operations, asynchronous communication, and autonomous actions of agents enable MAS to adapt to dynamic changes of the environment, thereby improving the reliability, responsiveness, fault tolerance, and stability of the microgrid. In this chapter, MAS is implemented with Java Agent DEvelopment (JADE) framework for advanced energy management of a microgrid. Also, MAS is linked with Arduino microcontroller for practical verification of agent operations. Three microgrids are interconnected to form a microgrid testbed, and smart grid features such as demand side management and plug and play are implemented, making it into a smart microgrid

Development Of A Monitoring System For Electric Power Substations Based On Ios And Implementation Of Designs On FPGA

In this article, a monitoring system based on IoT technologies of the substation electrical system in the Republic of Kazakhstan was developed. At the moment, the operation of power systems is extremely important to maintain the frequency of electric current over time. For management and monitoring applications, it is necessary to take into account communication within acceptable limits. IoT technologies are considered the main functions in applications for monitoring and managing energy systems in real time, as well as making effective decisions on both technical and financial issues of the system, for monitoring the main form of data registration on an electric power substation in the city of Shymkent of the Republic of Kazakhstan, for consistent effective decision-making by system operators. In this work, an Internet of Things-based monitoring system was implemented and implemented for the substation of the power system using a specialized device built into the FPGA controller for fast integrated digitalization of transformer substations of real-time distribution electrical networks. The IoT platform also provides complete remote observability and will increase reliability for power system operators in real time. This article is mainly aimed at providing a practical application that has been implemented and tested

Quantifying the effects of communication network performance in vehicle-to-grid frequency regulation services

Recent advances in communication systems and the proliferation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) hold a promise to support power systems operations with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. However, such ancillary services have tight communication requirements (low-latency, high reliability) as the aggregated PEVs need to respond to market signals within seconds and bad communication system performance lead to financial losses. In this paper, we consider a frequency regulation application in which PEVs are charged and discharged according to actual market signals. We assume that a market operator sends signals through 4G/LTE network to an aggregator located at a parking lot, who, as a next step, delivers data packets to electric vehicle supply equipments (EVSEs) via a local Wi-Fi network. In the final phase, each EVSE communicates with PEV battery management unit via power line communications. By adopting communication delay and packet loss profiles from measurement and simulation studies, we examine the impacts of communication system performance on V2G performance. The results show that packet losses significantly lowers precision score, while there is a need for faster networks if multiple aggregators participate at the same time

Enhancing the efficiency of electricity utilization through home energy management systems within the smart grid framework

The concept behind smart grids is the aggregation of “intelligence” into the grid, whether through communication systems technologies that allow broadcast/data reception in real-time, or through monitoring and systems control in an autonomous way. With respect to the technological advancements, in recent years there has been a significant increment in devices and new strategies for the implementation of smart buildings/homes, due to the growing awareness of society in relation to environmental concerns and higher energy costs, so that energy efficiency improvements can provide real gains within modern society. In this perspective, the end-users are seen as active players with the ability to manage their energy resources, for example, microproduction units, domestic loads, electric vehicles and their participation in demand response events. This thesis is focused on identifying application areas where such technologies could bring benefits for their applicability, such as the case of wireless networks, considering the positive and negative points of each protocol available in the market. Moreover, this thesis provides an evaluation of dynamic prices of electricity and peak power, using as an example a system with electric vehicles and energy storage, supported by mixed-integer linear programming, within residential energy management. This thesis will also develop a power measuring prototype designed to process and determine the main electrical measurements and quantify the electrical load connected to a low voltage alternating current system. Finally, two cases studies are proposed regarding the application of model predictive control and thermal regulation for domestic applications with cooling requirements, allowing to minimize energy consumption, considering the restrictions of demand, load and acclimatization in the system

Household Electrical Power Meter Using Embedded Rfid With Wireless Sensor Network Platform

Smart monitoring utility electrical power meter plays an important role in the energy awareness scheme. The aim of this study is to develop a machine-to-machine (M2M) communication by embedding an active RFID technology with wireless mesh sensor network (WMSN) platform with heterogeneous data transfer to monitor and identify the household electrical consumption. A household electrical power meter is designed with chosen Zigbee-Pro as a RF transceiver module with WSN functionalities to communicate between RFID tag to the RFID reader wirelessly. The development of this project involves three main parts in the proposed RFID communication system which consists of: the EPRFID (embedded RFID module with household electrical power meter), reader and application software at a work station. The EPRFID module is designed to take power supply from a household electric power meter with the introduction of power management circuit developed inside the proposed module. It comprises of voltage and current sensors which is functioning to precisely sense the actual status of the resident electrical power consumption from the appliance loads. Then, the data signal is directly transferred to the central processing unit (CPU) to precisely calculate the current power consumption. The CPU is the central part to effectively communicate and command all defined operations. The real time clock is readily available to generate the local real time clock. It is combined into the memory module package which used to minute the total accumulated power. Simultaneously, the display unit shows the monitored information data such as local time, current, voltage and power values. Lastly, the application software at a personal computer (PC) was designed by using the Microsoft Visual C# software. It shows the performances of received information data from the end meter devices such as tag ID, time sent, receive, delay, accumulated power, RSSI and amount of received bytes. In this research, the EPRFID prototype was intensively examined as follows: the voltage and current calibration versus the distance ranges; the transmitted power calibration; energy analysis; energy tradeoffs based on measured dc characteristics; anti collision performance; radiation pattern; maximum read range; tag collection and latency delay time; throughput evaluation. The experimental results indicated that the proposed EPRFID prototype successfully worked wirelessly with tolerable power consumption is within a range of 1.61 W to 1.69 W. This model is to facilitate some daily life processes, saving time, and reduces the operating cost because of the reduction in the manpower requirement and error in information system that can be omitted through humans. Thus, improving the M2M communication can provide higher reliability on the communication system because the current development will focus on local control strategies. In addition, this study can be guidelines to the electrical power utility company and consumers for alternatives in electrical consumption billings in the future

Smart home power management system for electric vehicle battery charger and electrical appliance control

This paper presents a power management system (PMS) designed for smart homes aiming to deal with the new challenges imposed by the proliferation of plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) and their coexistence with other residential electrical appliances. The PMS is based on a hybrid wireless network architecture composed by a local hub/gateway and several Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Wi-Fi sensor/actuator devices. These wireless devices are used to transfer information inside the smart home using the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol. Based on the proposed solution, the current consumption of the EV battery charger and other residential electrical appliances are dynamically monitored and controlled by using a configurable algorithm, ensuring that the total current consumption does not cause the tripping of the home circuit breaker. An Android client application allows the user to monitor and configure the system operation in real-time, a developed Wi Fi smart plug permits to measure the RMS values of current of the connected electrical appliance and change its state of operation remotely, and an EV battery charger may be controlled in terms of operating power according to set-points received from the Android client application. Experimental tests are used to evaluate the quality of service provided by the developed smart home platform in terms of communication delay and reliability. An experimental validation for different conditions of operation of the proposed smart home PMS concerning the power operation of the EV battery charger with the proposed control algorithm is also presented.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Krizne komunikacije u ratnim uslovima

Research of crisis communications on the example of the Electric Power Industry of Serbia, as well as drafting a new communication model for war conditions and emergencies represents a methodological and theoretical challenge as to filling out academic gaps of the theory of public relations and crisis management in the public sector. The work subject has been studied within the notion frame of communication science, conflictology and crisis management as interdisciplinary areas of research, focussing on communication between a state-owned company and the public in the period prior, during and after the conflict. Methods and techniques have been adjusted to the topic and targets of the research, whereas due to transformations of the electric power industry and doctrine of the New Public Management, we have also researched change of attitude towards private individuals as subjects of the social decision-making. In the thesis, there have been used available war documents, facts and in-field researches on the public attitudes in the post-conflict and emergency situations (in June 1999) on the degree of information given to private individuals relating consequences of hostile actions and degree of confidence in the company messages, then on the level of information given to jeopardized private individuals in Obrenovac (floods in May 2014) and Majdanpek (five days without electricity in December 2014). By the research, the starting hypothesis as per which public relations as important and unavoidable business functions in a public company should provide two-way corporate communication particularly in the crisis communications when they need to affirm responsibility and credibility of the company management, has been confirmed entirely! In new circumstances, representatives of the state should act as managers of public companies, so that private individuals themselves should be their stakeholders instead of shareholders. Patterns and experiences of the analysed crisis communications cannot be mapped onto all future crises, but with application of a model that observes experiences tested in practice, it will be ensured that crisis-situations could be managed even in a deregulated and liberalized electric-power sector. Obtained results, with improvement of crisis communication system both in emergencies and in the conditions of armed conflicts should improve functioning of the overall system of crisis situations management of the public companies in Serbia further affecting increase of security of the citizens and their property

Rancang Bangun Sistem Perhitungan Daya Listrik Pada Kwh Meter Pascabayar Digedung Upi (Unit Pengolahan Ikan) Berbasis Internet Of Things (Iot)

Independent generation production cooperatives have several business units such as shrimp farms, capture fishermen management, shrimp export and shrimp storage. Because you do not know how much the load of electrical equipment used so that you cannot control and monitor the power used every day on the KWH meter. From these problems, researchers propose to make a monitoring tool for power, voltage and electric current that is used every day using MCU nodes which will later be displayed on LCD and Smartphone. In the design of the Electrical Power Calculation System on Postpaid Electricity Meters in the UPI Building Based on the Internet Of Things, a system will be designed to monitor electricity consumption in realtime and display it using LCD and IoT. Through the IoT function, users can more easily monitor power consumption in realtime anytime and anywhere without having to monitor directly on the kWh panel. In addition, this tool can also be used in homes that still use analog meters. The tool is designed to be able to display the results of monitoring current, voltage and power used, then the results of monitoring power consumption. In the use of components in the design of this tool, the PZEM-004T sensor is used for system communication using the Blynk application