Extraction of Scores and Average From Algerian High-School Degree Transcripts

A system for extracting scores and average from Algerian High School Degree Transcripts is proposed. The system extracts the scores and the average based on the localization of the tables gathering this information and it consists of several stages. After preprocessing, the system locates the tables using ruling-lines information as well as other text information. Therefore, the adopted localization approach can work even in the absence of certain ruling-lines or the erasure and discontinuity of lines. After that, the localized tables are segmented into columns and the columns into information cells. Finally, cells labeling is done based on the prior knowledge of the tables structure allowing to identify the scores and the average. Experiments have been conducted on a local dataset in order to evaluate the performances of our system and compare it with three public systems at three levels, and the obtained results show the effectiveness of our system

Identidade vs. características da planta hospedeira : o que importa mais para a diversidade funcional de aranhas?

Diversidade taxonômica é a variedade de espécies presentes em uma determinada comunidade, enquanto a diversidade funcional é a variedade de atributos que tem relação com o funcionamento dessa comunidade. Abordagens baseadas exclusivamente na identidade das espécies têm sido complementadas por estudos visando os atributos funcionais das espécies, já que a primeira possui certas limitações em estudos de comunidades. No presente estudo, testamos se a diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aranhas respondia mais significativamente a variação intraespecífica ou interespecífica de atributos de bromélias, sendo estas hospedeiras das espécies de aranhas estudadas. Lançamos mão de um método estatístico que quantifica a beta-diversidade de aranhas em resposta a variação intraespecífica e interespecífica de bromélias. Fizemos também uma decomposição dos atributos de bromélias na sua filogenia a fim de investigar se existia algum nó que contribuía desproporcionalmente para a diversidade de aranhas atual naquele local. Os dados deste estudo foram obtidos em uma área de Floresta Atlântica Neotropical localizada no estado do Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil. A diversidade funcional de aranhas foi obtida por meio de atributos relacionados ao uso do hábitat (atributos de resposta), enquanto os atributos das bromélias foram obtidos a partir da possibilidade de uso do hábitat pelas aranhas (atributos de efeito). Buscamos estudos filogenéticos recentes para decompor os atributos das bromélias na filogenia. Utilizamos a contribuição proporcional de variação intraespecífica e interespecífica dos atributos das bromélias como variáveis preditoras da diversidade de aranhas. Nossos resultados mostraram que a variação interespecífica de um dos atributos de bromélias afetou positivamente a diversidade beta de aranhas (P < 0.05), reafirmando a necessidade de se utilizar abordagens que extrapolem a identidade de espécies como medida única ou principal de diversidade.Taxonomic diversity is the variety of species present in a given community, while functional diversity is the variety of attributes that relates to the functioning of that community. Approaches based exclusively on species identity have been complemented by studies aiming at the functional attributes of the species, since the former has certain limitations in studies of Community Ecology. In the present study, we tested whether the taxonomic and functional diversity of spiders responded more significantly to intraspecific or interspecific variation of their host plants, bromeliads. We used a statistical method that quantified beta-diversity of spiders in response to intraspecific and interspecific variation of bromeliads. We also did a decomposition of the bromeliad attributes in the phylogeny in order to investigate if there was any node that contributed disproportionately to the current diversity of spiders. The data of this study were obtained in an area of Neotropical Atlantic Forest located in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The functional diversity of spiders was obtained through traits related to habitat use (response traits), while the traits of bromeliads were obtained from the possibility of habitat use by spiders (effect traits). We searched recent phylogenetic studies to decompose bromeliad traits into their phylogeny. We used the proportional contribution of intraspecific and interspecific variation of bromeliad traits as predictors of spider diversity. Our results showed that the interspecific variation of one of the bromeliad traits positively affected spider beta diversity (P < 0.05), reinforcing the necessity to use approaches that extrapolate species identity as a single or main measure of diversity

AXMEDIS 2008

The AXMEDIS International Conference series aims to explore all subjects and topics related to cross-media and digital-media content production, processing, management, standards, representation, sharing, protection and rights management, to address the latest developments and future trends of the technologies and their applications, impacts and exploitation. The AXMEDIS events offer venues for exchanging concepts, requirements, prototypes, research ideas, and findings which could contribute to academic research and also benefit business and industrial communities. In the Internet as well as in the digital era, cross-media production and distribution represent key developments and innovations that are fostered by emergent technologies to ensure better value for money while optimising productivity and market coverage

A survey of computer uses in music

This thesis covers research into the mathematical basis inherent in music including review of projects related to optical character recognition (OCR) of musical symbols. Research was done about fractals creating new pieces by assigning pitches to numbers. Existing musical pieces can be taken apart and reassembled creating new ideas for composers. Musical notation understanding is covered and its requirement for the recognition of a music sheet by the computer for editing and reproduction purposes is explained. The first phase of a musical OCR was created in this thesis with the recognition of staff lines on a good quality image. Modifications will need to be made to take care of noise and tilted images that may result from scanning

HIRIS (High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer: Science opportunities for the 1990s. Earth observing system. Volume 2C: Instrument panel report

The high-resolution imaging spectrometer (HIRIS) is an Earth Observing System (EOS) sensor developed for high spatial and spectral resolution. It can acquire more information in the 0.4 to 2.5 micrometer spectral region than any other sensor yet envisioned. Its capability for critical sampling at high spatial resolution makes it an ideal complement to the MODIS (moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer) and HMMR (high-resolution multifrequency microwave radiometer), lower resolution sensors designed for repetitive coverage. With HIRIS it is possible to observe transient processes in a multistage remote sensing strategy for Earth observations on a global scale. The objectives, science requirements, and current sensor design of the HIRIS are discussed along with the synergism of the sensor with other EOS instruments and data handling and processing requirements

Aerenchyma tissue of Juncus effusus L.:a novel resource for sustainable natural cellulose foams

The demand for sustainable, low-cost, and high-performance natural cellulose foams with isotropic structures has increased greatly due to growing environmental awareness. However, the synthesis of current cellulose foams/aerogels requires substantial amounts of energy and chemicals, mainly due to the challenges posed by the poor solubility and processability of raw cellulose derived from biomass resources. Consequently, these challenges further highlight the advantages offered by the direct utilization of natural cellulose foams, considering their economic and environmental benefits. Previous studies on natural cellulose foams have predominantly focused on specific plant components such as phloem, xylem, vascular vessels, fruits, and seeds. In this study, we present an overlooked alternative: the aerenchyma tissue of aquatic or wetland plants. Specifically, we investigated on Juncus effusus L. (JE), a commonly found problematic wetland weed that is known for its high reproductive ability, causing a reduction in annual forage yield. The aerenchyma tissue of JE was discovered to possess a well-developed 3D interconnected hierarchical structure, exhibiting remarkable properties as a natural lignocellulosic foam. These properties include exceptional compressibility, hydrophobicity (water contact angle: 147°), lightweights (density: 0.017 g/cm3), and high porosity (98%). Through this study, we have introduced a novel natural cellulose foam and explored the utilization of biomass derived from wetland weed wastes.</p