Participatory sensing fuel-efficient navigation system GreenGPS

The proliferation of smartphones has led to increased interest in mobile participatory sensing. This paradigm enables low cost establishment of a wide range of applications in variety of domains, including environmental monitoring, transportation, safety, healthcare, social networks, urban sensing, etc. This thesis proposes, designs and develops a novel application in this genre, called GreenGPS, which owes its practicality to the widespread usage of smart mobile devices. GreenGPS is a navigation service that finds fuel optimal routes, customized to individual drivers and vehicles, between arbitrary end-points. This thesis studies research challenges revealed in development of GreenGPS on how to build an easy-to-deploy and inexpensive participatory sensing system to support data collection, how to generalize sparse samples of high- dimensional spaces to develop models of complex nonlinear phenomena, how to build a general but personalizable fuel-saving navigation system, how to infer the information on location and type of traffic regulators with low effort and expense, and how to insure reliability of the modeling throughout the lifetime of the service, especially the early deployment stage through which service adoption is sparse and proper modeling facilitates getting the participatory sensing based system off the ground and surviving conditions of sparse deployment. GreenGPS navigation service is offered in both web-based and smartphone application forms. To launch GreenGPS, we deployed a medium scaled vehicular participatory sensing system, consisting of 46 user subjects, collecting over 6700 miles of GPS driving data. To provide a testbed for future transportation fuel saving research, we started to deploy GreenGPS on over 100 vehicles of UIUC Facilities and Services fleet. To give the reader a sense of how effective are route choices provisioned by GreenGPS, it was assessed that compared to alternative fastest and shortest routes provided by traditional navigation tools, green routes are respectively 21.5% and 11.2% more fuel economic. The GreenGPS fuel optimal routes were further compared to Garmin ecoRoutes, a well-known commercial GPS product, and presented 8.4% more fuel savings

Estimating Signal Timing of Actuated Signal Control Using Pattern Recognition under Connected Vehicle Environment

The Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) message is an important input for research and applications of Connected Vehicles (CVs). However, the actuated signal controllers are not able to directly give the SPaT information since the SPaT is influenced by both signal control logic and real-time traffic demand. This study elaborates an estimation method which is proposed according to the idea that an actuated signal controller would provide similar signal timing for similar traffic states. Thus, the quantitative description of traffic states is important. The traffic flow at each approaching lane has been compared to fluids. The state of fluids can be indicated by state parameters, e.g. speed or height, and its energy, which includes kinetic energy and potential energy. Similar to the fluids, this paper has proposed an energy model for traffic flow, and it has also added the queue length as an additional state parameter. Based on that, the traffic state of intersections can be descripted. Then, a pattern recognition algorithm was developed to identify the most similar historical states and also their corresponding SPaTs, whose average is the estimated SPaT of this second. The result shows that the average error is 3.1 seconds

2nd Symposium on Management of Future motorway and urban Traffic Systems (MFTS 2018): Booklet of abstracts: Ispra, 11-12 June 2018

The Symposium focuses on future traffic management systems, covering the subjects of traffic control, estimation, and modelling of motorway and urban networks, with particular emphasis on the presence of advanced vehicle communication and automation technologies. As connectivity and automation are being progressively introduced in our transport and mobility systems, there is indeed a growing need to understand the implications and opportunities for an enhanced traffic management as well as to identify innovative ways and tools to optimise traffic efficiency. In particular the debate on centralised versus decentralised traffic management in the presence of connected and automated vehicles has started attracting the attention of the research community. In this context, the Symposium provides a remarkable opportunity to share novel ideas and discuss future research directions.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

Development and Performance Evaluation of Urban Mobility Applications and Services

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

From the conception to the definition of a new service: the case of the European GeoPKDD project”

La tesi affronta il processo che parte dalla generazione di un nuovo servizio di tipo technology push ed arriva fino alla sua definizione, attraverso l’analisi del lavoro svolto per WIND Telecomunicazioni s.p.a. nell’ambito del progetto Europeo GeoPKDD. Dopo un inquadramento teorico sulle metodologie di sviluppo di nuovi servizi e sulle peculiarità di uno sviluppo technology push rispetto al caso market pull, il lavoro si concentra sul processo che, partendo dalla generazione di nuove idee basate sulla tecnologia GeoPKDD, si è concluso con la definizione delle specifiche finali da implementare nel servizio finale

From Attack to Defense: Toward Secure In-vehicle Networks

New security breaches in vehicles are emerging due to software-driven Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and wireless connectivity of modern vehicles. These trends have introduced more remote surfaces/endpoints that an adversary can exploit and, in the worst case, use to control the vehicle remotely. Researchers have demonstrated how vulnerabilities in remote endpoints can be exploited to compromise ECUs, access in-vehicle networks, and control vehicle maneuvers. To detect and prevent such vehicle cyber attacks, researchers have also developed and proposed numerous countermeasures (e.g., Intrusion Detection Systems and message authentication schemes). However, there still remain potentially critical attacks that existing defense schemes can neither detect/prevent nor consider. Moreover, existing defense schemes lack certain functionalities (e.g., identifying the message transmitter), thus not providing strong protection for safety-critical ECUs against in-vehicle network attacks. With all such unexplored and unresolved security issues, vehicles and drivers/passengers will remain insecure. This dissertation aims to fill this gap by 1) unveiling a new important and critical vulnerability applicable to several in-vehicle networks (including the Controller Area Network (CAN), the de-facto standard protocol), 2) proposing a new Intrusion Detection System (IDS) which can detect not only those attacks that have already been demonstrated or discussed in literature, but also those that are more acute and cannot be detected by state-of-the-art IDSes, 3) designing an attacker identification scheme that provides a swift pathway for forensic, isolation, security patch, etc., and 4) investigating what an adversary can achieve while the vehicle’s ignition is off. First, we unveil a new type of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack called the bus-off attack that, ironically, exploits the error-handling scheme of in-vehicle networks. That is, their fault-confinement mechanism — which has been considered as one of their major advantages in providing fault-tolerance and robustness — is used as an attack vector. Next, we propose a new anomaly-based IDS that detects intrusions based on the extracted fingerprints of ECUs. Such a capability overcomes the deficiency of existing IDSes and thus detects a wide range of in-vehicle network attacks, including those existing schemes cannot. Then, we propose an attacker identification scheme that provides a swift pathway for forensic, isolation, and security patch. This is achieved by fingerprinting ECUs based on CAN voltage measurements. It takes advantage of the fact that voltage outputs of each ECU are slightly different from each other due to their differences in supply voltage, ground voltage, resistance values, etc. Lastly, we propose two new attack methods called the Battery-Drain and the Denial-of-Body-control attacks through which an adversary can disable parked vehicles with the ignition off. These attacks invalidate the conventional belief that vehicle cyber attacks are feasible and thus their defenses are required only when the vehicles ignition is on.PHDComputer Science & EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144125/1/ktcho_1.pd

Applications

Volume 3 describes how resource-aware machine learning methods and techniques are used to successfully solve real-world problems. The book provides numerous specific application examples: in health and medicine for risk modelling, diagnosis, and treatment selection for diseases in electronics, steel production and milling for quality control during manufacturing processes in traffic, logistics for smart cities and for mobile communications