The computational turn: thinking about the digital humanities

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Artificial Intelligence and Supply Chain Management: A literature review

openIl presente elaborato si propone di analizzare l’affascinante ed intricata intersezione dei due campi dell’intelligenza artificiale (IA) e della supply chain (SC), in modo da esplorarne il potenziale impatto e chiarire come le organizzazioni possono sfruttare queste tecnologie. Gli ultimi progressi e le recenti rivoluzioni hanno infatti reso evidente le capacità ed i potenziali benefici di tali strumenti, sottolineandone l’indispensabile integrazione all’interno delle aziende che vogliono aumentare l’efficienza operativa ed ottenere un vantaggio competitivo. Questo fenomeno è particolarmente enfatizzato dalla crescente complessità nel gestire catene di fornitura in un ambiente commerciale sempre più competitivo, come dimostrato anche dalla recente pandemia di Covid-19. L’IA e le altre tecnologie emergenti possono dunque creare una simbiosi ottimale per il contesto odierno, portando numerosi benefici sia in termini di costo, produttività ed efficienza. Nonostante il crescente interesse per l’argomento e la graduale implementazione di questi strumenti innovativi all’interno delle aziende, permane una carenza di ricerca fatta su questo fronte. Questo studio ha dunque l’obbiettivo di colmare alcune lacune esistenti nelle pubblicazioni disponibili ad oggi, esaminando 518 articoli di ricerca pubblicati tra il 1999 ed il 2023 dal database di Scopus. Il lavoro è strutturato come segue: Nel primo capitolo introduttivo vengono presentati i due concetti chiave dell’Intelligenza Artificiale e del Supply Chain Management. Nel secondo capitolo viene fornita una panoramica sull’importanza dell’intersezione di queste due aree e del come la letteratura corrente ha affrontato questo argomento. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato alla metodologia e spiega come è stato costruito il database di articoli e come è stato visualizzato ed analizzato tramite l’utilizzo del software VOSviewer e dell’analisi bibliometrica. Nel quarto capitolo vengono presentati i risultati della ricerca tramite l’analisi delle tre mappe create con l’apposito software. L’ultimo capitolo riporta le principali conclusioni derivabili da questo elaborato, rimarcando l’importanza dell’argomento trattato e sottolineando le limitazioni del presente studio, nonché le possibili direzioni per i ricercatori futuri.This thesis aims to analyse the fascinating and intricate intersection of the two fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and supply chain (SC), in order to explore their potential impact and clarify how organizations can leverage these technologies. Recent advancements and revolutions have indeed highlighted the capabilities and potential benefits of such tools, underscoring their essential integration within companies seeking to enhance operational efficiency and gain a competitive advantage. This phenomenon is particularly emphasized by the growing complexity of managing supply chains in an increasingly competitive business environment, as demonstrated by the recent Covid-19 pandemic. AI and other emerging technologies can thus create an optimal symbiosis for the nowadays context, yielding numerous benefits in terms of cost, productivity, and efficiency. Despite the growing interest in the topic and the gradual implementation of these innovative tools within companies, there remains a research gap in this area. Therefore, this study aims to fill some of the existing voids in the available literature, examining 518 research articles published between 1999 and 2023 from the Scopus database. The work is structured as follows: The first introductory chapter presents the two key concepts of Artificial Intelligence and Supply Chain Management. The second chapter provides an overview of the importance of these two areas and how the current literature has addressed this topic. The third chapter is dedicated to the methodology and explains how the database of articles was constructed and how it was visualized and analysed using the VOSviewer software and bibliometric analysis. The fourth chapter presents the research results through the analysis of the three maps created with the software. The final chapter outlines the main conclusions drawn from this paper, emphasizing the significance of the treated topic and highlighting the limitations of the present study, as well as suggesting potential directions for future researchers

Knowledge acquisition for effective and efficient use of engineering software

The problem of effective and efficient use of engineering software can be thought of as a Pareto optimal problem. However, the complexity of modern engineering software precludes the possibility of acquiring complete knowledge of the software's Pareto optimal set. Instead, heuristic knowledge must be acquired. The thesis proposes that heuristic knowledge be acquired via a knowledge acquisition procedure. The use of a knowledge acquisition system, which may be computerised, forms an integral part of this procedure. Two examples of knowledge acquisition illustrate the use of the knowledge acquisition procedure

Big Data Drive: The Rhetoric of Biometric Big Data

In this essay, we seek to develop a concept of “big data drive.” Influenced in part by Lacan’s theory of drive, we study the drive toward biometric big data. Biometric big data (BBD) refers to the data collected around facial recognition, eye recognition, thumb prints, and other types of technology whose task is to identify a specific being through unique bio characteristics. “Big Data Drive” refers to the energies that pulsate around Big Data, as both a signifier and fetishized object, to promise “something more” that may never be fulfilled

Digital strategies for the valorisation of archival heritage

20th century pre-digital architectural archives are a current topic of interest for scholars involved in historical studies as well as those studying conservation, valorisation and communication. These vast archival heritages could be enhanced by the methodologies, techniques and tools offered by the digital revolution. The present proposal demonstrates this potential through the application of structure from motion techniques to a physical scale model that represents the Turin Horse Racing designed by Carlo Mollino. Moreover, the paper presents a comparison of different software, methodologies and modelling tools and suggests a design for virtual and on-site communication strategies. These strategies fuel new interrelations of knowledge and ideas, through which an archive can become a place of convergence between the real and the virtual

Empowering NGOs in Countering Online Hate Messages

Studies on online hate speech have mostly focused on the automated detection of harmful messages. Little attention has been devoted so far to the development of effective strategies to fight hate speech, in particular through the creation of counter-messages. While existing manual scrutiny and intervention strategies are time-consuming and not scalable, advances in natural language processing have the potential to provide a systematic approach to hatred management. In this paper, we introduce a novel ICT platform that NGO operators can use to monitor and analyze social media data, along with a counter-narrative suggestion tool. Our platform aims at increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of operators' activities against islamophobia. We test the platform with more than one hundred NGO operators in three countries through qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Results show that NGOs favor the platform solution with the suggestion tool, and that the time required to produce counter-narratives significantly decreases.Comment: Preprint of the paper published in Online Social Networks and Media Journal (OSNEM

Critical issues and key points from the survey to the creation of the historical building information model: The case of Santo Stefano Basilica

The new era of designing in architecture and civil engineering applications lies in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach, based on a 3D geometric model including a 3D database. This is easier for new constructions whereas, when dealing with existing buildings, the creation of the BIM is based on the accurate knowledge of the as-built construction. Such a condition is allowed by a 3D survey, often carried out with laser scanning technology or modern photogrammetry, which are able to guarantee an adequate points cloud in terms of resolution and completeness by balancing both time consuming and costs with respect to the request of final accuracy. The BIM approach for existing buildings and even more for historical buildings is not yet a well known and deeply discussed process. There are still several choices to be addressed in the process from the survey to the model and critical issues to be discussed in the modeling step, particularly when dealing with unconventional elements such as deformed geometries or historical elements. The paper describes a comprehensive workflow that goes through the survey and the modeling, allowing to focus on critical issues and key points to obtain a reliable BIM of an existing monument. The case study employed to illustrate the workflow is the Basilica of St. Stefano in Bologna (Italy), a large monumental complex with great religious, historical and architectural assets

Pattern Discrimination

Algorithmic identity politics reinstate old forms of social segregation - in a digital world, identity politics is pattern discrimination. It is by recognizing patterns in input data that Artificial Intelligence algorithms create bias and practice racial exclusions thereby inscribing power relations into media. How can we filter information out of data without reinserting racist, sexist, and classist beliefs