VAR e processi decisionali nel calcio professionistico. Una rassegna di studi.

Lo scopo di questa rassegna è quello di valutare i primi effetti dell’adozione del VAR nei campionati calcistici professionistici. In particolare lo sforzo si è orientato verso il possibile ruolo dell’introduzione di questo strumento nella dinamica decisionale precedentemente documentata negli arbitri e nel possibile ruolo giocato dallo stress in relazione alla percezione del VAR da parte dell’arbitro, ma anche dei giocatori e del pubblico in generale. Da un lato si è proceduto nell’analizzare in che modo il VAR è stato introdotto in termini regolamentari, in secondo luogo è stata documentata la frequenza d’uso del VAR ed infine ci si è concentrati sull’interazione arbitro-VAR e in che modo questa eserciti un ruolo nella psicologia del direttore di gara. Un ulteriore punto analizzato è stato quello relativo all’allenamento dell’arbitro in relazione alla presenza del VAR. Inoltre la presente analisi critica della letteratura mirava ad indicare quali strumenti psicologici sono stati ad oggi adottati per valutare il ruolo del VAR nel calcio professionistico, qual è stato il suo impatto a livello mediatico e proporre possibili nuovi livelli d’indagine

New pathways to football refereeing development

The main goal of the present thesis is to contribute to football refereeing development, theoretically and in practice. The thesis includes one theoretical and three empirical studies. Study 1 provides a comprehensive panorama of football refereeing research. Through an integrative review, 267 full text articles, published in peer-review journals, were grouped into seven themes and 54 sub-themes. In addition to summarising the current state of the literature, possible paths for future research on the topic of football refereeing were outlined. Study 2 aims to identify, categorise and analyse the distinctive characteristics of top level referees that excel. Ninety-three subcategories (e.g., leadership, resilience, game reading) and 1833 units emerged from the data analysis process and were grouped into seven themes. Participants’ responses concerned Individual characteristics (82.00%), Group characteristics (14.02%), and Organisational characteristics (3.98%). Study 3, expand the results of the study 2, and based on our analysis of the opinions of 24 football experts, we demonstrate the multidimensionality of excellence in the performance of football referees. Finally, concerning the lack of research on football refereeing teams, Study 4 test how individual and team cognitions promote team adaptation and team performance within the football refereeing context. Results supported our three hypotheses: (i) team adaptation was positively associated with team performance; (ii) self-efficacy affects positively team adaptation; and (iii) as mental model increase within teams, the relationship between self-efficacy and team adaptation will be enhanced. Hence, it was found a mediation indirect effect of self-efficacy on performance through team adaptation. We believe that this thesis summarises the current state of literature on football refereeing and outlines possible paths for future research, not only at the individual level but also at the group / team and organisational level. It also contributes to the identification of the characteristics of high level football referees, aiming to promote the growth of competency development models of different areas (eg., technical, tactical, psychological) and levels (e.g., individual, team), that allow the referee, the refereeing and the football evolution.A presente tese pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento teórico e prático da arbitragem do futebol. A tese inclui um estudo teórico e três estudos empíricos. O Estudo 1 fornece um panorama abrangente da literatura sobre a arbitragem do futebol. Através de uma revisão integrativa, analisaram-se 267 artigos publicados em revistas científicas com revisão por pares, que foram agrupados em sete temas e 54 subtemas. Além de resumir o estado atual da literatura, foram sugeridas linhas de investigação para a arbitragem do futebol. O Estudo 2 visa identificar, categorizar e analisar as características distintivas dos árbitros de topo que se destacam entre pares. Noventa e três subcategorias (por exemplo, liderança, resiliência, leitura do jogo) e 1833 unidades emergiram do processo de análise de dados e foram agrupadas em sete temas. As respostas dos participantes diziam respeito a características individuais (82,00%), características de grupo (14,02%) e características organizacionais (3,98%). O Estudo 3, expande os resultados do estudo 2. A análise das opiniões de 24 especialistas em futebol, evidenciou a multidimensionalidade da excelência no desempenho dos árbitros de futebol. Finalmente, considerando a falta de investigação sobre as equipas de arbitragem que dirigem os jogos de futebol, o Estudo 4 testa como as cognições individuais e de equipa promovem a adaptação e o desempenho da equipa de arbitragem. Os resultados sustentaram as três hipóteses que formulámos: (i) a adaptação da equipa foi positivamente associada ao desempenho da mesma; (ii) a autoeficácia afeta positivamente a adaptação da equipa; e (iii) o aumento do modelo mental das equipas, contribuirá para o aumenta da relação entre a autoeficácia e a adaptação da equipa. Verificou-se, também, a existência de um efeito indireto de mediação da autoeficácia no desempenho, por meio da adaptação da equipa. Acreditamos que esta tese resume o estado atual da literatura sobre a arbitragem do futebol e delineia caminhos possíveis para futuras pesquisas, não apenas ao nível individual, mas também ao nível de grupo / equipa e organizacional. Contribui, também, para a identificação das características dos árbitros de futebol de alto nível, com o objetivo de se criarem modelos de desenvolvimento de competências de diferentes áreas (ex: técnica, tática, mental) e níveis (ex: individual, equipa), que permitam a evolução do árbitro, da arbitragem e do futebol

Basketball officials\u27 training and development: links to retention

The sharp decline in retention from year-to-year among sport officials is considered a “crisis” among the officiating community and research has attempted to explore the issue by identifying factors that impact retention (Warner et al. 2013). The seven-factor “Referee Retention Scale” (RRS) seeks to predict the likelihood of retention for officials one factor being officials’ ratings of their continuing education (Ridinger et al. 2017). However there is a lack of study for examining the relationships among methods and outcomes of training continuing education and referee retention across sporting contexts. A cross-sectional design was created using an online survey which combined officials’ training methods and outcomes the RRS and a retention likelihood scale (Jaros 1997). Hypotheses stated that all training outcomes and methods would each hold statistically significant positive correlations with officials’ ratings of continuing education and the RRS would be a statistically significant predictor of retention likelihood. Data analysis of the responses revealed statistically significant correlations between continuing education ratings and the frequency of each training method as well as frequency of each training outcome. In relationships with continuing education ratings video analysis was the highest correlated method (r = 0.40 p = 0.000) while confidence development was the highest correlated outcome (r = 0.46 p = 0.000). The RRS regression analysis predicting retention likelihood recorded an R2 value of 0.21 (p = 0.000). Continuing education was not a statistically significant factor in this study but remains an important construct toward retention. Through assorted methods and outcomes associations may increase the likelihood of training satisfaction among their officials while also utilizing the RRS as a tool to evaluate performance in factors relating to retention. Research that further explores relationships between training methods and outcomes of interest is highly recommended including within sub-populations of officials

Sports, Inc. Volume 3, Issue 1

The ILR Cornell Sports Business Society magazine is a semester publication titled Sports, Inc. This publication serves as a space for our membership to publish and feature in-depth research and well-thought out ideas to advance the world of sport. The magazine can be found in the Office of Student Services and is distributed to alumni who come visit us on campus. Issues are reproduced here with permission of the ILR Cornell Sports Business Society.https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/sportsinc/1003/thumbnail.jp

Risk in Sports and Challenges for Sports Organizations

Success, injuries, future career opportunities of athletes, and the societal gains of participating in sports and organizing (mega) sports events are all related to individual risk-taking behavior. Although the sports economics and management literature has broadly addressed these issues, it is surprising that less attention has been paid to the implications of risk-taking on the organization of sports in general and, more particularly, on the design and behavior of sports organization members

Risk in Sports and Challenges for Sports Organizations

Success, injuries, future career opportunities of athletes, and the societal gains of participating in sports and organizing (mega) sports events are all related to individual risk-taking behavior. Although the sports economics and management literature has broadly addressed these issues, it is surprising that less attention has been paid to the implications of risk-taking on the organization of sports in general and, more particularly, on the design and behavior of sports organization members

10th International Conference on Business, Technology and Innovation 2021

Welcome to IC – UBT 2021 UBT Annual International Conference is the 10th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make them be aware of the recent advancements in different research fields, and provide them with a unique forum to share their experiences. It is also the place to support the new academic staff for doing research and publish their work in international standard level. This conference consists of sub conferences in different fields like: Security Studies Sport, Health and Society Psychology Political Science Pharmaceutical and Natural Sciences Mechatronics, System Engineering and Robotics Medicine and Nursing Modern Music, Digital Production and Management Management, Business and Economics Language and Culture Law Journalism, Media and Communication Information Systems and Security Integrated Design Energy Efficiency Engineering Education and Development Dental Sciences Computer Science and Communication Engineering Civil Engineering, Infrastructure and Environment Architecture and Spatial Planning Agriculture, Food Science and Technology Art and Digital Media This conference is the major scientific event of the UBT. It is organizing annually and always in cooperation with the partner universities from the region and Europe. We have to thank all Authors, partners, sponsors and also the conference organizing team making this event a real international scientific event. Edmond Hajrizi, President of UBT UBT – Higher Education Institutio

Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Kinanthropology

The 11th International Conference on Kinantropology was held on the Nov 29 – Dec 1, 2017 in Brno and was organized by the Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University and the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb. This year was divided into several themes: sports medicine, sport and social science, sport training, healthy lifestyle and healthy ageing, sports management, analysis of human movement. Part of the conference was also a symposium Atletika and Ortoreha that gathered specialists in physiotherapy

Graduate Catalog, 2015-2016

https://scholar.valpo.edu/gradcatalogs/1042/thumbnail.jp