5 research outputs found

    Analysis, design and implementation of secure LoRaWAN sensor networks

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    Design and implementation of flood monitoring and warning system based on internet of things

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    Floods are unavoidable phenomena that can cause massive loss of people's lives and the destruction of infrastructure. Flash floods rise rapidly in a flood-prone area, which results in property damage, but the impact on human lives is somewhat preventable by the presence of monitoring systems. Although there are many systems widely in practice by disaster management agencies in monitoring flood levels, most of these systems are limited in range. For example, some systems implementing the Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) have a maximum distance of 300m from the gateway. However, the maximum distance that LoRaWAN can reach is 1.5km. Then, the study on the parameter that involved in LoRaWAN for the Flood Monitoring and Warning System (FMWS) is limited. Furthermore, in most developing countries, the conventional flood gates in water canals are manually operated and suffer from the lack of real-time monitoring of water levels which might lead to an overflow in the channels and flash floods. On top of that, the lack of real-time data analysis in the system that can be accessed is one of the limitations in Malaysia. Therefore, this research design and implementation multiple LoRa-based smart sensors with a LoRaWAN gateway as a network testbed for monitoring flood levels and evaluating the parameter of LoRaWAN. Then, the LoRaWAN鈥檚 activation was compared and analysed to identify the best activation for the FMWS. Lastly, the real-time assessment of the risk due to the flood level has been enabled on the Tago.IO dashboard for triggering an early flood warning. The proposed FMWS with LoRaWAN uses an ultrasonic sensor with an Arduino microcontroller to measure water level, Long-Range (LoRa) as a communication module, and a single gateway. The end nodes have been tested in several scenarios to test the FMWS鈥檚 communication performance in terms of Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), Signal Noise Ratio (SNR), delay, and the Percentages of Data Received (PDR). The design of the sensing node involved the hardware and software with the solar panel as the power source. A 3 Dimension (3D) model for the end node was developed for casing the sensing node. The testing area for testing the performance of LoRaWAN is a 2km radius. Throughout the testing, the proposed system communicates up to 2km in single and multiple node cases. On top of that, the multiple nodes have higher overall SNR value compared to the single node where 56% of all result are positive for multiple nodes while the single node exhibit only 50%. In addition, the RSSI and SNR have impact on the PDR. However, the delay inversely perorational with RSSI, SNR and PDR values. The recommended activation for FMWS is Activation By-Personalization, (ABP) since it is over complete control, especially for achieving a high PDR. Lastly, the data on Tago.IO was accessed via webpages and Tago.IO mobile application. In conclusion, the FMWS able to communicate to the gateway at 1.5km distance. However, the higher the SF, the higher the network's performance at long distances. The ABP is the activation that is suitable for the proposed FMWS. Lastly, the warning system will trigger once the water level reaches the warning level

    Representaci贸n formal de mejores pr谩cticas de IoT con base en los elementos del n煤cleo de la Esencia SEMAT

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    Internet de las Cosas (IoT) es una tecnolog铆a que consta de una serie de entidades interconectadas (objetos f铆sicos inteligentes, servicios y sistemas de software) que trabajan de manera coordinada. Con ellas se busca simplificar y mejorar la eficiencia de los procesos buscando una mejor calidad de vida para las personas. En la literatura especializada se encontr贸 que existen pr谩cticas para desarrollar sistemas IoT que utilizan modelos monol铆ticos de Ingenier铆a de Software y que no son f谩ciles de implementar. Es necesario plantear una base com煤n a trav茅s de una representaci贸n expl铆cita que permita abarcar todas las problem谩ticas que puedan resultar al tratar de implementar estas pr谩cticas. El objetivo de este proyecto es formalizar algunas de las mejores pr谩cticas de IoT utilizando la extracci贸n terminol贸gica y teniendo como base de representaci贸n el n煤cleo de la Esencia de SEMAT (Software Engineering Method and Theory), el cual permite describir una base com煤n liberando a las pr谩cticas de las limitaciones de los m茅todos monol铆ticos. Esto permitir谩 a los equipos de implementaci贸n de sistemas IoT visualizar el progreso de las actividades independientemente de los m茅todos de trabajo, tambi茅n permitir谩 compartir, adaptar, conectar y reproducir pr谩cticas para crear nuevas formas de trabajo que ayudar谩 a los desarrolladores a reutilizar sus conocimientos de forma sistem谩tica y a los ejecutivos a dirigir programas y proyectos IoT con una mejor calidad que permitan reducir costos.Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that consists of a series of interconnected entities (intelligent physical objects, services and software systems) that work in a coordinated manner. They seek to simplify and improve the efficiency of processes seeking a better quality of life for people. In the specialized literature, it was found that there are practices to develop IoT systems that use monolithic Software Engineering models and that are not easy to implement. It is necessary to establish a common base through a clean representation that allows covering all the problems that may result when trying to implement these practices. The objective of this project is to formalize some of the best practices of IoT using terminological extraction and having as a basis of representation the core of the Essence of SEMAT (Software Engineering Method and Theory) which allows to describe a common base freeing the practices of the limitations of monolithic methods. This will allow IoT system implementation teams to visualize the progress of activities regardless of work methods, it will also allow sharing, adapting, connecting and reproducing practices to create new ways of working that will help developers to systematically reuse their knowledge in a new way and executives to direct IoT programs and projects with better quality that reduce costs.Maestr铆aMag铆ster en Ingenier铆a de Sistemas y Computaci贸nTabla de Contenido P谩g. Resumen....................................................................................................................................... 16 Abstract........................................................................................................................................ 17 Introducci贸n ................................................................................................................................ 18 Cap铆tulo I: Marco Te贸rico ......................................................................................................... 21 1.1. Internet de las Cosas (IoT)..................................................................................................... 21 1.1.1. Arquitectura IoT.................................................................................................................. 21 1.1.1.1. Capa de percepci贸n.......................................................................................................... 21 1.1.1.2. Capa de red ...................................................................................................................... 21 1.1.1.3. Capa de aplicaci贸n ........................................................................................................... 22 1.1.2. Aplicaciones de IoT............................................................................................................ 22 1.2. Ingenier铆a de Software ........................................................................................................... 22 1.2.1. N煤cleo de la Esencia de SEMAT........................................................................................ 22 1.2.1.1. Elementos del N煤cleo de la Esencia de SEMAT............................................................. 23 1.3. Buenas Pr谩cticas .................................................................................................................... 29 1.3.1. Nombramiento correcto de buenas pr谩cticas...................................................................... 29 1.4. Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural (PLN).......................................................................... 31 1.4.1. Extracci贸n Terminol贸gica................................................................................................... 31 1.5. Revisi贸n Sistem谩tica de Literatura (RSL) ............................................................................. 33 1.6. Mapeo Sistem谩tico de Literatura (MSL) ............................................................................... 33 1.7. Grupos focales ....................................................................................................................... 34 Cap铆tulo II: Estado del Arte ...................................................................................................... 35 Cap铆tulo III: Planteamiento del Problema y Objetivos........................................................... 38 3.1. Descripci贸n del Problema ...................................................................................................... 38 7 3.2. Formulaci贸n del Problema..................................................................................................... 38 3.3. Justificaci贸n ........................................................................................................................... 39 3.4. Objetivos................................................................................................................................ 41 3.4.1. Objetivo General................................................................................................................. 41 3.4.2. Objetivos Espec铆ficos.......................................................................................................... 41 Cap铆tulo IV: Metodolog铆a .......................................................................................................... 42 4.1. Revisi贸n Sistem谩tica de Literatura (RSL) ............................................................................. 42 4.1.1. Planeaci贸n........................................................................................................................... 42 4.1.1.1. Definici贸n de las Preguntas de la Investigaci贸n .............................................................. 43 4.1.2. B煤squeda Primaria .............................................................................................................. 43 4.1.2.1. Especificaci贸n del Tipo de B煤squeda .............................................................................. 43 4.1.2.2. Selecci贸n de las Fuentes de Informaci贸n......................................................................... 44 4.1.2.3. Definici贸n de las Cadenas de B煤squeda .......................................................................... 44 4.1.3. Selecci贸n Preliminar........................................................................................................... 44 4.1.3.1. Eliminaci贸n de Documentos Irrelevantes........................................................................ 44 4.1.3.2. Eliminaci贸n de Documentos Duplicados......................................................................... 44 4.1.4. Selecci贸n............................................................................................................................. 45 4.1.4.1. Definici贸n de criterios de inclusi贸n ................................................................................. 45 4.1.4.2. Definici贸n de criterios de exclusi贸n ................................................................................ 45 4.1.5. Extracci贸n de Datos............................................................................................................ 45 4.1.5.1. Definici贸n de Criterios de Calidad .................................................................................. 45 4.1.5.2. Extracci贸n de Datos de cada Documento ........................................................................ 45 4.1.6. An谩lisis ............................................................................................................................... 45 4.2. Relaci贸n de los Componentes de Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT con los elementos del n煤cleo de la Esencia ..................................................................................................................................... 45 8 4.2.1. Selecci贸n de algunas de las Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT........................................................ 46 4.2.2. Construcci贸n del Vocabulario de T茅rminos de IoT............................................................ 46 4.2.2.1. Mapeo Sistem谩tico de Literatura (MSL) ......................................................................... 46 4.2.2.2. Construcci贸n del Extractor Autom谩tico de T茅rminos ..................................................... 48 4.2.2.3. Validaci贸n del Extractor Autom谩tico de T茅rminos......................................................... 48 4.2.2.4. Extracci贸n del Vocabulario con el Extractor Autom谩tico de T茅rminos.......................... 49 4.2.3. Selecci贸n de los Nombres para Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT.................................................. 49 4.2.4. Tabulaci贸n de Componentes de Pr谩cticas IoT con Elementos del N煤cleo de la Esencia... 49 4.3. Modelado de Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT con el N煤cleo de la Esencia .................................... 49 4.4. Validaci贸n de los Modelos de Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT....................................................... 51 4.4.1. Planeaci贸n del Grupo Focal................................................................................................ 51 4.4.2. Desarrollo del Grupo Focal................................................................................................. 52 4.4.3. An谩lisis de Datos y Reporte de Resultados ........................................................................ 53 Cap铆tulo V: Desarrollo de la Tesis............................................................................................. 54 5.1. Revisi贸n Sistem谩tica de Literatura (RSL) en IoT.................................................................. 54 5.1.1. Conclusiones de la Revisi贸n Sistem谩tica de Literatura ...................................................... 55 5.2. Relaci贸n de los Componentes de Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT con los elementos del n煤cleo de la Esencia ...................................................................................................................................... 57 5.2.1. Selecci贸n de algunas de las Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT........................................................ 57 5.2.2. Construcci贸n del Vocabulario de T茅rminos de IoT............................................................ 58 5.2.2.1. Mapeo Sistem谩tico de Literatura (MSL) ......................................................................... 59 5.2.2.2. Construcci贸n del Extractor Autom谩tico de T茅rminos ..................................................... 72 5.2.2.3. Validaci贸n del Extractor Autom谩tico de T茅rminos......................................................... 88 5.2.2.4. Extracci贸n del Vocabulario con el Extractor Autom谩tico de T茅rminos.......................... 89 5.2.3. Selecci贸n de los Nombres para Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT.................................................. 89 9 5.2.4. Tabulaci贸n de Componentes de Pr谩cticas IoT con el N煤cleo de la Esencia ...................... 90 5.3. Modelado de Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT con el N煤cleo de la Esencia .................................. 100 5.4. Validaci贸n de los Modelos de Mejores Pr谩cticas en IoT..................................................... 110 5.4.1. Planeaci贸n del Grupo Focal.............................................................................................. 110 5.4.1.1. Definici贸n del Objetivo.................................................................................................. 110 5.4.1.2. Identificaci贸n de los Participantes................................................................................. 111 5.4.1.3. Programaci贸n de la Reuni贸n.......................................................................................... 111 5.4.1.4. Preparaci贸n de los Materiales del Grupo Focal ............................................................. 111 5.4.1.5. Enviar Recordatorio a los Participantes......................................................................... 112 5.4.2. Desarrollo del Grupo Focal............................................................................................... 112 5.4.2.1. Presentaci贸n de los Participantes................................................................................... 112 5.4.2.2. Grabaci贸n de la Reuni贸n................................................................................................ 112 5.4.2.3. Entrega de Materiales .................................................................................................... 112 5.4.2.4. Presentaci贸n del Grupo Focal ........................................................................................ 113 5.4.2.5. Discusi贸n y Evaluaci贸n de los Modelos........................................................................ 113 5.4.2.6. Finalizaci贸n de la Reuni贸n............................................................................................. 113 5.4.3. An谩lisis de Datos y Reporte de Resultados ...................................................................... 113 5.4.3.1. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 1 ..................................................................... 113 5.4.3.2. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 2 ..................................................................... 114 5.4.3.3. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 3 ..................................................................... 114 5.4.3.4. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 4 ..................................................................... 115 5.4.3.5. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 5 ..................................................................... 115 5.4.3.6. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 6 ..................................................................... 116 5.4.3.7. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 7 ..................................................................... 116 10 5.4.3.8. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 8 ..................................................................... 117 5.4.3.9. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 9 ..................................................................... 117 5.4.3.10. Resultados de Validaci贸n de la Pr谩ctica 10 ................................................................. 118 5.4.3.11. Conclusiones de la Validaci贸n de los Modelos ........................................................... 118 Cap铆tulo VI: Conclusiones y Trabajo Futuro ........................................................................ 120 6.1. Conclusiones........................................................................................................................ 120 6.2. Cumplimiento de Objetivos................................................................................................. 121 6.3. Trabajos Futuros .................................................................................................................. 124 Referencias ................................................................................................................................ 125 Anexos........................................................................................................................................ 15
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