Examining trade-offs between social, psychological, and energy potential of urban form

Urban planners are often challenged with the task of developing design solutions which must meet multiple, and often contradictory, criteria. In this paper, we investigated the trade-offs between social, psychological, and energy potential of the fundamental elements of urban form: the street network and the building massing. Since formal methods to evaluate urban form from the psychological and social point of view are not readily available, we developed a methodological framework to quantify these criteria as the first contribution in this paper. To evaluate the psychological potential, we conducted a three-tiered empirical study starting from real world environments and then abstracting them to virtual environments. In each context, the implicit (physiological) response and explicit (subjective) response of pedestrians were measured. To quantify the social potential, we developed a street network centrality-based measure of social accessibility. For the energy potential, we created an energy model to analyze the impact of pure geometric form on the energy demand of the building stock. The second contribution of this work is a method to identify distinct clusters of urban form and, for each, explore the trade-offs between the select design criteria. We applied this method to two case studies identifying nine types of urban form and their respective potential trade-offs, which are directly applicable for the assessment of strategic decisions regarding urban form during the early planning stages

Simulation-based Planning of Machine Vision Inspection Systems with an Application to Laser Triangulation

Nowadays, vision systems play a central role in industrial inspection. The experts typically choose the configuration of measurements in such systems empirically. For complex inspections, however, automatic inspection planning is essential. This book proposes a simulation-based approach towards inspection planning by contributing to all components of this problem: simulation, evaluation, and optimization. As an application, inspection of a complex cylinder head by laser triangulation is studied

Spatio-temporal analysis of vegetation dynamics of selected successional stages of dry acidic grasslands : experimental studies and model simulations

Austenfeld M. Spatio-temporal analysis of vegetation dynamics of selected successional stages of dry acidic grasslands : experimental studies and model simulations. Bielefeld (Germany): Bielefeld University; 2009.Eine allgemeine Entwicklungsumgebung wurde für die Analyse und Simulation von räumlich-zeitlichen Phänomenen in ökologischen Systemen entwickelt. Die gesamte Plattform basiert auf einer "Rich-Client-Platform" (RCP), die neue Konzepte der Modularisierung und allgemeinen Programmarchitektur mitbringt. Damit bietet sie die Grundlage für eine nachhaltige Weiterentwicklung und ist somit eine solide Basis für eine integrierte Entwicklungsumgebung für ökologische Modelle. Die Integration verschiedener statistischer Werkzeuge, Methoden der Bildverarbeitung und spezielle Visualisierungen qualifizieren diese Umgebung besonders für die Analyse der oben genannten räumlich-zeitlichen Prozesse. Aufgrund ihrer vergleichsweise geringen Komplexität wurden Sandlebensräume wiederholt für Studien von Vegetationsmustern und ihrer zugrunde liegenden biotischen Interaktionen genutzt. Für einen integrativen Überblick und weitere integrative Ansätze mit Hilfe von Simulationsmodellen wurde die oben genannte Plattform genutzt, um eine individuenbasierte Modellstruktur für die Analyse von Langzeiteffekten aufgrund von Umweltveränderungen auf die Stabilität von Sandlebensräumen zu entwickeln, die typischerweise von zwei Pionierarten, Corynephorus canescens und Polytrichum piliferum, dominiert werden. Das Modell wurde mit experimentellen Daten verifiziert, und die vom Modell erzeugten räumlich-zeitlichen Muster zeigten eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit natürlich gemessenen Mustern. Das Modell wurde dann genutzt, um Langzeiteffekte von Veränderungen der Temperatur, Nährstoffversorgung und Störungsraten in diesem System zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine generell hohe Stabilität des Systems unter veränderten Temperatur- und Nährstoffbedingungen, wobei temporal wiederkehrende, kleinräumige Störungen als Grundlage notwendig waren. Schließlich wurde noch eine Untersuchung über die Auswirkungen von Herbivorie und Konkurrenz auf Corynephorus canescens durchgeführt. In einem kontrollierten Freilandexperiment wurden die Auswirkungen von entfernter Biomasse von Blättern sowie die An- oder Abwesenheit eines intraspezifischen und interspezifischen Konkurrenten (Hieracium pilosella) auf die überirdische und unterirdische Allokation von Biomasse in der folgenden Regenerationsphase analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Corynephorus canescens die Fähigkeit besitzt, leichte bis mittlere Blattverluste (die typische natürliche Herbivorie von Kaninchen und Paarhufern simulieren sollten) zu kompensieren, ohne dabei an Konkurrenzstärke zu verlieren. Unterirdisch konnten keine Auswirkungen der simulierten Herbivorie bzw. Konkurrenz festgestellt werden. Aufgrund dieser zu vernachlässigenden Effekte wurde Herbivorie nicht in dem Modell berücksichtigt.A generic modeling environment for the analysis and simulation of spatio-temporal phenomena in ecosystems was developed. This framework was built upon a Rich Client Platform (RCP) which uses new concepts of extensibility and software architecture for sustainable development and provides a solid basis for an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for ecological models. The integration of various statistical tools, imaging routines and several specialized drawing panels makes this environment particularly suitable for the analysis of the above mentioned spatio-temporal ecological processes. Because of their comparatively low complexity, dry acidic grassland ecosystems have been repeatedly used for studying vegetation pattern formation and the underlying biotic interactions. In order to obtain an integrative view of the existing knowledge as well as to provide a possibility for further integrative analysis with the help of model simulations, the above described platform was used to develop an individual based Model structure for the investigation of long term effects of environmental changes on the stability of early successional stages of such dry acidic grasslands which are typically dominated by the two pioneer species Corynephorus canescens and Polytrichum piliferum. The model was validated with experimental data and the spatio-temporal patterns created by the model were in good accordance with the measured natural patterns. The model was then used to analyze the effect of changes in temperature, nutrient supply and disturbance rate on the long term behavior of this ecosystem. The results showed an overall high stability of this system under different temperature and nutrient scenarios as long as an intermediate disturbance frequency is assured. Finally, an experimental study on the effect of herbivory and competition on the Corynephorus canescens was conducted. In a controlled field experiment, the effects of the removal of various amounts of aboveground biomass on the above and belowground biomass allocation during the following regeneration phase was analyzed in the presence or absence of an intraspecific and interspecific competitor (Hieracium pilosella). The results show a rather high ability of C. canescens to compensate low to medium amounts of foliage loss (reflecting the typical natural herbivory induced by grasshoppers and rabbits) without significant changes in its competitive ability. Belowground, no biomass effects of foliage removal and/or competition could be detected. Because of these negligible effects, herbivory was not implemented in the above described model

Geographic Information Systems and Science

Geographic information science (GISc) has established itself as a collaborative information-processing scheme that is increasing in popularity. Yet, this interdisciplinary and/or transdisciplinary system is still somewhat misunderstood. This book talks about some of the GISc domains encompassing students, researchers, and common users. Chapters focus on important aspects of GISc, keeping in mind the processing capability of GIS along with the mathematics and formulae involved in getting each solution. The book has one introductory and eight main chapters divided into five sections. The first section is more general and focuses on what GISc is and its relation to GIS and Geography, the second is about location analytics and modeling, the third on remote sensing data analysis, the fourth on big data and augmented reality, and, finally, the fifth looks over volunteered geographic information.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Human Recognition and Identification: identification of Persons in the social context based on image processing

The aim of this Bachelor’s Thesis is to provide the therapeutic robot TUK with an identification software, so that it is able to recognize people in its environment. Moreover, it is intended that TUK can identify who it is interacting with, and thus adapt its behaviour depending on the situation. In the first part, the theoretical principles that have been used during the development of the software are presented. Several kinds of image processing techniques as well as classification algorithms are explained. In the second part, the implementation is shown step by step in order to give an overview of the whole system. Finally, the results obtained during several tests are presented and discussed. In conclusion, several guidelines for tackling some of the challenges are proposed, setting a possible way for further work

Development of New Models for Vision-Based Human Activity Recognition

Els mètodes de reconeixement d'accions permeten als sistemes intel·ligents reconèixer accions humanes en vídeos de la vida quotidiana. No obstant, molts mètodes de reconeixement d'accions donen taxes notables d’error de classificació degut a les grans variacions dins dels vídeos de la mateixa classe i als canvis en el punt de vista, l'escala i el fons. Per reduir la classificació incorrecta , proposem un nou mètode de representació de vídeo que captura l'evolució temporal de l'acció que succeeix en el vídeo, un nou mètode per a la segmentació de mans i un nou mètode per al reconeixement d'activitats humanes en imatges fixes.Los métodos de reconocimiento de acciones permiten que los sistemas inteligentes reconozcan acciones humanas en videos de la vida cotidiana. No obstante, muchos métodos de reconocimiento de acciones dan tasas notables de error de clasificación debido a las grandes variaciones dentro de los videos de la misma clase y los cambios en el punto de vista, la escala y el fondo. Para reducir la clasificación errónea, Łproponemos un nuevo método de representación de video que captura la evolución temporal de la acción que ocurre en el video completo, un nuevo método para la segmentación de manos y un nuevo método para el reconocimiento de actividades humanas en imágenes fijas.Action recognition methods enable intelligent systems to recognize human actions in daily life videos. However, many action recognition methods give noticeable misclassification rates due to the big variations within the videos of the same class, and the changes in viewpoint, scale and background. To reduce the misclassification rate, we propose a new video representation method that captures the temporal evolution of the action happening in the whole video, a new method for human hands segmentation and a new method for human activity recognition in still images

Practical Processing Techniques for Magnetic 3D Motion Tracking

Tohoku University北村喜文課

spinfortec2022 : Tagungsband zum 14. Symposium der Sektion Sportinformatik und Sporttechnologie der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft (dvs), Chemnitz 29. - 30. September 2022

Dieser Tagungsband enthält die Beiträge aller Vorträge und Posterpräsentationen des 14. Symposiums der Sektion Sportinformatik und Sporttechnologie der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft (dvs) an der Technischen Universität Chemnitz (29.-30. September 2022). Mit dem Ziel, das Forschungsfeld der Sportinformatik und Sporttechnologie voranzubringen, wurden knapp 20 vierseitige Beiträge eingereicht und in den Sessions Informations- und Feedbacksysteme im Sport, Digitale Bewegung: Datenerfassung, Analyse und Algorithmen sowie Sportgeräteentwicklung: Materialien, Konstruktion, Tests vorgestellt.This conference volume contains the contributions of all oral and poster presentations of the 14th Symposium of the Section Sport Informatics and Engineering of the German Association for Sport Science (dvs) at Chemnitz University of Technology (September 29-30, 2022). With the goal of advancing the research field of sports informatics and sports technology, nearly 20 four-page papers were submitted and presented in the sessions Information and Feedback Systems in Sport, Digital Movement: Data Acquisition, Analysis and Algorithms, and Sports Equipment Development: Materials, Construction, Testing