Digital Preservation Services : State of the Art Analysis

Research report funded by the DC-NET project.An overview of the state of the art in service provision for digital preservation and curation. Its focus is on the areas where bridging the gaps is needed between e-Infrastructures and efficient and forward-looking digital preservation services. Based on a desktop study and a rapid analysis of some 190 currently available tools and services for digital preservation, the deliverable provides a high-level view on the range of instruments currently on offer to support various functions within a preservation system.European Commission, FP7peer-reviewe

REDISCOVERING CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES BY INTERACTIVE 3D EXPLORATION: A PRACTICAL REVIEW OF OPEN-SOURCE WEBGL TOOLS

Georeferenced reconstructions can help understand the dynamic evolution of the urban context surrounding a historical site, supporting decision-making processes in the field of urban planning. The development of web applications that allow the interaction between 2D and 3D products, as well as their exploration, can facilitate virtual inspections and foster collaboration in digitization of interventions and site evolutions over time. The article discusses how virtual scene reconstructions and visits can provide alternatives to traditional in-situ tourism promotion, through digital storytelling solutions for the exploration of sites. The article also describes how 3D storytelling technologies are currently being used for dissemination cultural heritage sites. The case study of the Castello Farnese, an old XVI century heritage site in Piacenza (Italy), test the adoption of two distinct free and open-source JavaScript WebGL, Potree and Cesium, for the rendering of photogrammetric and laser scanning georeferenced scaled products and for the integration of narrative features such as annotations, camera animations, texts, and other multimedia contents. Potentials and limitations of both tools are discussed in detail, highlighting how they can be implemented for enhancing user experience in virtual tour and exploration of 3D products. In order to guarantee replicability for other case studies, source code of the implemented application is shared on GitHub along with its documentation for contributions

Smart Heritage for Urban Sustainability: A Review of Current Definitions and Future Developments

Smart heritage is still novel in heritage discourse, with a few relevant review articles. In this regard, a specific interpretation of smart architectural heritage and a framework for instructing its development is lacking. This article reviews the literature on smart heritage in sustainable development to fill the knowledge gap. As a methodology for this study, the integrative review approach and thematic analysis are adopted to review references located at the crossroads of historic, smart, and sustainable disciplines. The review and interpretation draw on literature from relevant fields to understand implementations, current states, and support to interpret smart heritage. Review outcomes indicate that smart heritage is becoming dynamic as technologies are increasingly applied to more detailed heritage branches. This article lists the factors that heritage should possess to be defined as smart, and it provides a framework that might be followed to achieve the aims of this discourse by stating that smart heritage discussions are relevant to smart cities, as they may have a mutual effect and interact to promote each other.

De la web 1.0 a la web 4.0: mapeo de las plataformas de patrimonio digital para las propiedades del patrimonio de la UNESCO en Indonesia

[EN] The advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has had and is having a major impact on Indonesian cultural resource management, and on the safeguarding methods of its tangible and intangible cultural heritages. Despite varied levels and visible gaps between rural and urban regions in terms of technology usage, innovative initiatives have been created, which correspond to the needs and expectations of a technology-savvy public. As a starting point, a number of public institutions dealing with tangible cultural heritage (e.g. museums, palaces, temples, World Heritage Sites (WHS)) do use innovative digital tools in order to communicate to various audiences, as well as to enrich visitors’ experience, especially taking into consideration young generations. This paper will firstly examine the role of ICTs in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) (e.g. Batik, Wayang puppet theatre, etc.); secondly, the authors will explain how ICTs can help to communicate and promote the values, history, and significances of ICH products, both for locals and tourists, with the goal of raising awareness on cultural identity. However, the knowledge of ICH still requires contacts with its own communities and is vulnerable, as it can be exposed to excessive cultural commoditization through e-platforms. This study aims at giving an overview and some examples of digital interventions for cultural heritage communication implemented by various stakeholders in Indonesia. In addition, this paper analyses to what extent a participatory approach engaging local communities, academics, private sectors, NGOs and the government, can ensure higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency, hence supporting the conservation of UNESCO tangible/ICH in Indonesia. This paper aims at: (1) presenting the development of digital heritage platforms in Indonesia; (2) providing a grid of analysis of digital heritage knowledge platforms dedicated to UNESCO tangible and ICH in forms of websites and mobile apps.[ES] La aparición de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) ha tenido y está teniendo un gran impacto en la gestión de los recursos culturales indonesios y en los métodos de salvaguarda de sus patrimonios culturales materiales e inmateriales. A pesar de los distintos niveles y las brechas existentes entre las regiones rurales y urbanas en términos de uso de la tecnología, se han creado iniciativas innovadoras que corresponden a las necesidades y expectativas de un público experto en tecnología. Como punto de partida, algunas instituciones públicas que se ocupan del patrimonio cultural material (por ejemplo, museos, palacios, templos, sitios patrimonio de la humanidad (WHS)) implementan herramientas digitales innovadoras para comunicarse con diverso público y enriquecer la experiencia de los visitantes, especialmente teniendo en cuenta a las generaciones jóvenes. Este artículo examinará primeramente el papel de las TIC en el patrimonio cultural inmaterial (PCI) (por ejemplo, Batik, teatro de marionetas de Wayang, etc.); en segundo lugar, los autores explicarán cómo las TIC pueden ayudar a comunicar y promover los valores, la historia y el significado de los productos del PCI tanto al público local, como a los turistas, con el objetivo de crear conciencia sobre la identidad cultural. Sin embargo, el conocimiento del PCI todavía requiere contactos con sus propias comunidades y es vulnerable, ya que está expuesto a la excesiva mercantilización cultural a través de plataformas electrónicas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión general y algunos ejemplos de intervenciones digitales en la comunicación del patrimonio cultural adoptadas por diversos organismos interesados en Indonesia. Además, este documento explica en qué medida un enfoque participativo, que involucra a las comunidades locales, académicas, sectores privados, ONG y al gobierno, puede garantizar niveles más altos de efectividad y eficiencia, y, por tanto, apoyar la conservación del patrimonio cultural  material/inmaterial de la UNESCO en Indonesia. Este documento tiene como objetivos: (1) presentar el desarrollo de plataformas de patrimonio digital en Indonesia; (2) proporcionar una matriz de análisis de plataformas de conocimiento del patrimonio digital dedicadas al patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial de la UNESCO en sitios web y aplicaciones móviles.Indonesian LPDP (Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan) Endowment Funds Scholarships, Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia; UNESCO Chair in ICT to develop and promote sustainable tourism in World Heritage Sites USI - Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland.Permatasari, PA.; Qohar, AA.; Rachman, AF. (2020). From web 1.0 to web 4.0: the digital heritage platforms for UNESCO’s heritage properties in Indonesia. Virtual Archaeology Review. 11(23):75-93. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.13121OJS75931123Adukaite, A., & Cantoni, L. (2016). Raising awareness and promoting informal learning on World Heritage in Southern Africa: The case of WHACY, a gamified ICT-enhanced tool. 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Concept and dimensions of web 4.0. International Journal of Computers & Technology, 16(7), 7040-7046. https://doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v16i7.6446Arya, I. T. (2016). Berlatih tari Cendrawasih [Learning Cendrawasih dance] [Mobile App Software]. Retrieved May 31, 2020 from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=id.ardev.taribali&hl=enAtzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The internet of things: a survey. Computer Networks, 54(15), 2787-2805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.010Avi, E. (2014). Gerakan sejuta data budaya dilaunching dari Bandung. [One million cultural database launched in Bandung]. Retrieved May 23, 2020 from https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-2602920/gerakan-sejuta-daya-budaya-dilaunching-dari-bandungBasole, R. C., & Karla, J. (2012). Value transformation in the mobile service ecosystem: a study of app store emergence and growth. Service Science, 4(1), 24-41. https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.1120.0004Berners-Lee, T. (2000). Weaving the Web. The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its Inventor. New York: Harper Collins.Blanco, S., Carrión, B., & Lerma, J. L. (2016). Review of augmented reality and virtual reality techniques in Rock Art. In Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation (pp. 176-183). https://doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3561Boily, L. (2004). Économie du savoir, identités plurielles et nouvelles formes d'exclusion. [Knowledge economy, plural identity and new forms of exclusion]. L'Interculturel et l'Économie à l'Œuvre (pp. 128-153). Paris: Les édition David.Boonstra, S. N. (2014). Changing wayang scenes Heritage formation and wayang performance practice in colonial and postcolonial Indonesia (Doctoral Dissertation). Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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Conservation of tangible cultural heritage in Indonesia: a review current national criteria for assessing heritage value. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 184, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.055Garbelli, M. (2015). World heritage sites, tourism, and ICT. Presentation material presented in UNESCO Summer School in ICT for Gastronomic tourism 2015, Milan, Italy.Garbelli, M., Adukaite, A., & Cantoni, L. (2017). Value perception of world heritage sites and tourism sustainability matters through content analysis of online communications. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 8(3), 417-431. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2016-0046Gunarto, H. (2007). Digital preservation of Borobudur world heritage. Journal of Ritsumeikan Studies in Language and Culture, 19(2), 263-278. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Digital-preservation-of-Borobudur-world-heritage-Gunarto/7ae35860a6f96a44f9e08392fc48aa4d48e7adec#paper-headerIndo3one3. (2019). Borobudur explorer. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ciihuy.borobudurexplorer&hl=enIndonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. (1992). Undang - undang no. 5 tahun 1992 tentang benda cagar cudaya [Law number 5, 1992 on cultural heritage]. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/46597/uu-no-5-tahun-1992Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. (2010). Undang - undang no. 11 tahun 2010 tentang cagar budaya [Law number 11, 2010 on cultural heritage]. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from http://www.bpkp.go.id/uu/filedownload/2/2/77.bpkpIndonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. (2017). Undang - undang no. 5 tahun 2017 tentang pemajuan budaya [Law number 5, 2017 on cultural cdvancement]. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from http://pemajuankebudayaan.id/undang-undang/Indonesian Ministry of State Owned Enterprises. (2019). Rumah Kreatif BUMN [The launching program of creative house for SMEs by Ministry of State Owned Enterprises]. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from http://www.bumn.go.id/berita/0-RUMAH-KREATIF-BUMN.Islam, R., Islam, R., & Mazumder, T. (2010). Mobile application and its global impact. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 10(6), 72-78. Retrieved May 22, 2020 from http://ijens.org/107506-0909%20IJET-IJENS.pdfJonathan, C. J., & Tarigan, R. (2016). The effects of e-tourism to the development of tourism sector in Indonesia. CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal, 10(2), 59. https://doi.org/10.21512/commit.v10i2.1669Katwinto, E. (2013). National Museum of Indonesia. Retrieved from Virtual Collection on Asian Masterpieces (VCM). website: http://masterpieces.asemus.museum/museum/detail.nhn?museumId=1067Kéfi, H., & Pallud, J. (2011). Digital heritage the role of technologies in cultural mediation in museums: An actor-network theory view applied in France. 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Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are undergoing rapid progress, which is having an increasing impact also on the management, preservation and promotion of arts and cultural heritage. Besides providing solutions for existing problems, new media technologies open up entirely new application scenarios. Based on these technologies, numerous arts and cultural heritage projects have recently been implemented and some relevant technological roadmaps have been identified. In this paper we analyse and discuss some issues related with technological support for artistic and cultural heritage applications and discuss aspects of a technological framework for future applications development that is based on an analysis of existing Information Technology (IT)-based applications and experience acquired recently from projects in the field

El Papel de la Web y las Redes Sociales en la Promoción Turística de un Bien Patrimonio Mundial. El Caso del Alcázar de Sevilla (España)

The information and communication technologies have revolutionized tourism and the promotion of cultural attractions. They constitute a tool with which to enhance the cultural heritage and economy of a territory in the context of tourism innovation. The article aims to analyze the potential of the website and social media of the Alcazar of Seville—declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO—in promoting tourism. The quality of this official website and social media was analyzed and evaluated through the 7 Loci model and the Nvivo tool, with weaknesses and strengths being identified. The analysis highlighted weaknesses in areas such as the content, which needs to be optimized, the impossibility of viewing the information in other languages, and the global management of the website and social media, which should be reviewed. The study also presents strengths, including excellent visibility and good positioning in the main search engines, links from the website to social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube) and the adequacy of the time needed to download the pagesLas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han revolucionado el turismo y la promoción de atractivos culturales. Estas son herramienta para potenciar el patrimonio cultural y la economía del territorio a partir de la innovación turística. El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el potencial de la web oficial y las redes sociales del Alcázar de Sevilla en la promoción turística, Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO. La calidad del sitio oficial y sus redes sociales fue analizada y evaluada a través del modelo 7 Loci y la herramienta Nvivo, identificando sus debilidades y fortalezas. El análisis destacó entre las debilidades, el contenido a optimizar, la imposibilidad de visualizar la información en otros idiomas y una gestión global para revisar. El estudio presenta fortalezas como excelente visibilidad y buen posicionamiento en los principales buscadores, enlaces a redes sociales (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram y Youtube) y que los tiempos para descargar las páginas son los adecuados