129,585 research outputs found
Learning and steering: changing implementation patterns and the Greek central government
Greece is frequently characterized as a laggard in the implementation of EU policy. This article examines the key characteristics of the Greek central government and links them to patterns of policy implementation. However, governments, like all organizations, have the capacity to learn. Thus, implementation patterns change over time. Observations and inferences from experience matched by the acquisition of new techniques and critical events help to improve the implementation of EU public policy. This is demonstrated bymeans of a case study (public procurement policy)
Autonomic management of multiple non-functional concerns in behavioural skeletons
We introduce and address the problem of concurrent autonomic management of
different non-functional concerns in parallel applications build as a
hierarchical composition of behavioural skeletons. We first define the problems
arising when multiple concerns are dealt with by independent managers, then we
propose a methodology supporting coordinated management, and finally we discuss
how autonomic management of multiple concerns may be implemented in a typical
use case. The paper concludes with an outline of the challenges involved in
realizing the proposed methodology on distributed target architectures such as
clusters and grids. Being based on the behavioural skeleton concept proposed in
the CoreGRID GCM, it is anticipated that the methodology will be readily
integrated into the current reference implementation of GCM based on Java
ProActive and running on top of major grid middleware systems.Comment: 20 pages + cover pag
Trust, Contracting, and Adaptation in AgriâFood Hybrid Structures
The paper considers the relationship between trust and governance structure from a Transaction Cost Economics perspective. The role of trust in the coordinating decisions is variously conceptualized according to the theoretical view adopted by the scholars. The present study adopt the threeâlevel schema introduced by Williamson (1996) and suggest that determinants of trust may operate both at institutional and governance structure level. The analytical framework depicted maintains that trust may determine a reduction of ex post transaction cost in the adaptation of hybrid structure. As a consequence trust appears to be able to extend the range of existence of the hybrids. The empirical part of the study is dedicated to a case study which illustrates the emerging of conditional trust (Fritz et al., 2008) and the role of trust in the adaptation process.hybrid, conditional trust, adaptation, contractual relationship., Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Industrial Organization, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
Simulation of an SEIR infectious disease model on the dynamic contact network of conference attendees
The spread of infectious diseases crucially depends on the pattern of
contacts among individuals. Knowledge of these patterns is thus essential to
inform models and computational efforts. Few empirical studies are however
available that provide estimates of the number and duration of contacts among
social groups. Moreover, their space and time resolution are limited, so that
data is not explicit at the person-to-person level, and the dynamical aspect of
the contacts is disregarded. Here, we want to assess the role of data-driven
dynamic contact patterns among individuals, and in particular of their temporal
aspects, in shaping the spread of a simulated epidemic in the population.
We consider high resolution data of face-to-face interactions between the
attendees of a conference, obtained from the deployment of an infrastructure
based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices that assess mutual
face-to-face proximity. The spread of epidemics along these interactions is
simulated through an SEIR model, using both the dynamical network of contacts
defined by the collected data, and two aggregated versions of such network, in
order to assess the role of the data temporal aspects.
We show that, on the timescales considered, an aggregated network taking into
account the daily duration of contacts is a good approximation to the full
resolution network, whereas a homogeneous representation which retains only the
topology of the contact network fails in reproducing the size of the epidemic.
These results have important implications in understanding the level of
detail needed to correctly inform computational models for the study and
management of real epidemics
Evidence synthesis on the occurrence, causes, consequences, prevention and management of bullying and harassment behaviours to inform decision making in the NHS
Background
Workplace bullying is a persistent problem in the NHS with negative implications for individuals, teams, and organisations. Bullying is a complex phenomenon and there is a lack of evidence on the best approaches to manage the problem.
Aims
Research questions
What is known about the occurrence, causes, consequences and management of bullying and inappropriate behaviour in the workplace?
Objectives
Summarise the reported prevalence of workplace bullying and inappropriate behaviour.
Summarise the empirical evidence on the causes and consequences of workplace bullying and inappropriate behaviour.
Describe any theoretical explanations of the causes and consequences of workplace bullying and inappropriate behaviour.
Synthesise evidence on the preventative and management interventions that address workplace bullying interventions and inappropriate behaviour.
Methods
To fulfil a realist synthesis approach the study was designed across four interrelated component parts:
Part 1: A narrative review of the prevalence, causes and consequences of workplace bullying
Part 2: A systematic literature search and realist review of workplace bullying interventions
Part 3: Consultation with international bullying experts and practitioners
Part 4: Identification of case studies and examples of good practic
Trusted operational scenarios - Trust building mechanisms and strategies for electronic marketplaces.
This document presents and describes the trusted operational scenarios, resulting from the research and work carried out in Seamless project. The report presents identified collaboration habits of small and medium enterprises with low e-skills, trust building mechanisms and issues as main enablers of online business relationships on the electronic marketplace, a questionnaire analysis of the level of trust acceptance and necessity of trust building mechanisms, a proposal for the development of different strategies for the different types of trust mechanisms and recommended actions for the SEAMLESS project or other B2B marketplaces.trust building mechanisms, trust, B2B networks, e-marketplaces
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