Marking complex assignments using peer assessment with an electronic voting system and an automated feedback tool

The work described in this paper relates to the development and use of a range of initiatives in order to mark complex masters' level assignments related to the development of computer web applications. In the past such assignments have proven difficult to mark since they assess a range of skills including programming, human computer interaction and design. Based on the experience of several years marking such assignments, the module delivery team decided to adopt an approach whereby the students marked each other's practical work using an electronic voting system (EVS). The results of this are presented in the paper along with statistical comparison with the tutors' marking, providing evidence for the efficacy of the approach. The second part of the assignment related to theory and documentation. This was marked by the tutors using an automated feedback tool. It was found that the time to mark the work was reduced by more than 30% in all cases compared to previous years. More importantly it was possible to provide good quality individual feedback to learners rapidly. Feedback was delivered to all within three weeks of the test submission datePeer reviewe

Societal impact evaluation: Exploring evaluator perceptions of the characterization of impact under the REF2014

© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.The relative newness of ‘impact’ as a criterion for research assessment has meant that there is yet to be an empirical study examining the process of its evaluation. This article is part of a broader study which is exploring the panel-based peer and end-user review process for societal impact evaluation using the UK’s national research assessment exercise, the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014, as a case study. In particular, this article explores the different perceptions REF2014 evaluators had regarding societal impact, preceding their evaluation of this measure as part of REF2014. Data are drawn from 62 interviews with evaluators from the health-related Panel A and its subpanels, prior to the REF2014 exercise taking place. We show how going into the REF exercise, evaluators from Panel A had different perceptions about how to characterize impact and how to define impact realization in terms of research outcomes and the research process. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future impact evaluation frameworks, as well as postulating a series of hypotheses about the ways in which evaluators’ different perceptions going into an impact assessment could potentially influence the evaluation of impact submissions. Using REF2014 as a case study, these hypotheses will be tested in interviews with REF2014 evaluators post-assessment.This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), UK. Grant number: ES/K008897/1

The effectiveness of manual stretching in the treatment of plantar heel pain: a systematic review

Background: Plantar heel pain is a commonly occurring foot complaint. Stretching is frequently utilised as a treatment, yet a systematic review focusing only on its effectiveness has not been published. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of stretching on pain and function in people with plantar heel pain. Methods: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 2010. Studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were independently assessed, and their quality evaluated using the modified PEDro scale. Results: Six studies including 365 symptomatic participants were included. Two compared stretching with a control, one study compared stretching to an alternative intervention, one study compared stretching to both alternative and control interventions, and two compared different stretching techniques and durations. Quality rating on the modified Pedro scale varied from two to eight out of a maximum of ten points. The methodologies and interventions varied significantly between studies, making meta-analysis inappropriate. Most participants improved over the course of the studies, but when stretching was compared to alternative or control interventions, the changes only reached statistical significance in one study that used a combination of calf muscle stretches and plantar fascia stretches in their stretching programme. Another study comparing different stretching techniques, showed a statistically significant reduction in some aspects of pain in favour of plantar fascia stretching over calf stretches in the short term. Conclusions: There were too few studies to assess whether stretching is effective compared to control or other interventions, for either pain or function. However, there is some evidence that plantar fascia stretching may be more effective than Achilles tendon stretching alone in the short-term. Appropriately powered randomised controlled trials, utilizing validated outcome measures, blinded assessors and long-term follow up are needed to assess the efficacy of stretching

Computer assisted self and peer assessment: applications, challenges and opportunities

This paper discusses self and peer assessment (SPA) using CASPAR (Computer Assisted Self and Peer Assessment Ratings) – a software tool designed to aid the administration of SPA. CASPAR was piloted on eight units from six subject areas (Hospitality, Leisure, Sport, Tourism, Retail and Events). Data were gathered through questionnaires from 146 students. The paper compares the SPA process and the application of CASPAR in a hospitality operations management unit with other units to identify good practice

Effects of physical exercise on adiponectin, leptin, and inflammatory markers in childhood obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: New findings on adipose tissue physiology and obesity-Associated inflammation status suggest that modification of the adipokine level can be relevant for the long-Term prevention of obesity-Associated chronic disease. Objectives: The scope of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of physical exercise in reducing the systemic inflammation related to obesity in children. Methods: We conducted a systematic review with meta-Analysis of controlled randomized trials, identified through electronic database search, which investigated the effect of physical exercise, without concomitant dietary intervention, on adiponectin, leptin, and/or other inflammatory markers in children up to age 18 years with a body mass index greater than the 95th percentile for age and sex. Results: Seven trials were included in the meta-Analysis, with a total of 250 participants. Compared with the control group without any lifestyle modification, the physical exercise resulted in a reduction in leptin [standardized mean difference (SMD)-1.13; 95% confidence interval (95%CI):-1.89 to-0.37; I2 = 79.9%] and interleukin-6 (SMD-0.84; 95%CI:-1.45 to-0.23, I2 = 0.9%) and an increase in adiponectin plasma concentration (SMD 0.69; 95%CI: 0.02-1.35; I2 = 74.3%). Conclusions: These results indicate that physical exercise improved the inflammatory state in children with obesity. It is unclear whether this effect can reduce the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adulthood. Clinical trials with a uniform intervention protocol and outcome measurements are required to put our knowledge on adipose tissue biology into a clinical perspective

The Effectiveness of Vestibular Rehabilitation on Balance Related Impairments among Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: Balance related dysfunction remains a debilitating clinical manifestation among people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) causing significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Imbalance is found to stem primarily from neurophysiological causes. Current management strategies have shown to have small but clinically insignificant results with little consideration towards vestibular sources of postural instability. Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) provides a promising treatment strategy to mediate balance dysfunction among people with pwMS.Design: Systematic Review, guided by PRISMA guidelines and presenting a best evidence synthesis.Data sources: 10 electronic databases were searched from inception until September 2019.Eligibility criteria for study selection: Article of original research, population of patients with multiple sclerosis aged over 18, interventions detailing VR protocols, measurement of outcomes pre-VR/post-VR.Results: Seven articles satisfied the eligibility criteria. 6/7 studies were rated as high quality and regarded as level one evidence. 5 studies consisted of standardised VR protocols while 2 studies consisted of customised VR. All studies identified improvements of mixed significance in balance, fatigue and dizziness outcomes post VR. Heterogeneity among VR prescription patterns limited optimal prescription guidelines.Conclusions: The available evidence shows promise that VR is a safe and ef- fective strategy to provide short term benefits in balance related dysfunction in pwMS. Recommendations of mixed strength are made based on the quality of current literature. Current evidence for optimal prescription and long-term effects of VR is limited. Further high-level studies evaluating the effects of VR in patients with multiple sclerosis with vestibular and/or balance dysfunction are required

Homoeopathy

Homoeopathy is a system of treating patients using very low dose preparations according to the principle: "like should be cured with like". This paper summarises the research evidence presented in a recent issue of Effective Health Care on the effectiveness of homoeopathy. Increasing numbers of patients are seeking information on complementary medicines from NHS health professionals. Results of a 1998 survey of use and expenditure on complementary medicine in England suggested that 28% of respondents had either visited a complementary therapist or had purchased an over the counter herbal or homoeopathic remedy in the past year. From this survey it was estimated that there could be over 470 000 recent users of homoeopathic remedies in England