Laboratory for Atmospheres: 2006 Technical Highlights

The 2006 Technical Highlights describes the efforts of all members of the Laboratory for Atmospheres. Their dedication to advancing Earth science through conducting research, developing and running models, designing instruments, managing projects, running field campaigns, and numerous other activities, are highlighted in this report

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems 2013

Challenges arising from an increasing traffic demand, limited resource availability and growing quality expectations of the customers can only be met successfully, if each transport mode is regarded as an intelligent transportation system itself, but also as part of one intelligent transportation system with “intelligent” intramodal and intermodal interfaces. This topic is well reflected in the Third International Conference on “Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems” which took place in Dresden 2013 (previous editions: Rome 2009, Leuven 2011). With its variety of traffic management problems that can be solved using similar methods and technologies, but with application specific models, objective functions and constraints the conference stands for an intensive exchange between theory and practice and the presentation of case studies for all transport modes and gives a discussion forum for control engineers, computer scientists, mathematicians and other researchers and practitioners. The present book comprises fifty short papers accepted for presentation at the Third Edition of the conference. All submissions have undergone intensive reviews by the organisers of the special sessions, the members of the scientific and technical advisory committees and further external experts in the field. Like the conference itself the proceedings are structured in twelve streams: the more model-oriented streams of Road-Bound Public Transport Management, Modelling and Control of Urban Traffic Flow, Railway Traffic Management in four different sessions, Air Traffic Management, Water Traffic and Traffic and Transit Assignment, as well as the technology-oriented streams of Floating Car Data, Localisation Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Image Processing in Transportation. With this broad range of topics this book will be of interest to a number of groups: ITS experts in research and industry, students of transport and control engineering, operations research and computer science. The case studies will also be of interest for transport operators and members of traffic administration

Discrete Wavelet Transforms

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) algorithms have a firm position in processing of signals in several areas of research and industry. As DWT provides both octave-scale frequency and spatial timing of the analyzed signal, it is constantly used to solve and treat more and more advanced problems. The present book: Discrete Wavelet Transforms: Algorithms and Applications reviews the recent progress in discrete wavelet transform algorithms and applications. The book covers a wide range of methods (e.g. lifting, shift invariance, multi-scale analysis) for constructing DWTs. The book chapters are organized into four major parts. Part I describes the progress in hardware implementations of the DWT algorithms. Applications include multitone modulation for ADSL and equalization techniques, a scalable architecture for FPGA-implementation, lifting based algorithm for VLSI implementation, comparison between DWT and FFT based OFDM and modified SPIHT codec. Part II addresses image processing algorithms such as multiresolution approach for edge detection, low bit rate image compression, low complexity implementation of CQF wavelets and compression of multi-component images. Part III focuses watermaking DWT algorithms. Finally, Part IV describes shift invariant DWTs, DC lossless property, DWT based analysis and estimation of colored noise and an application of the wavelet Galerkin method. The chapters of the present book consist of both tutorial and highly advanced material. Therefore, the book is intended to be a reference text for graduate students and researchers to obtain state-of-the-art knowledge on specific applications

Higher level techniques for the artistic rendering of images and video

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Inferring Genomic Histories of Structured Populations: Lessons from the Hominids

Demography is a major determinant of the variation of species. Understanding how it effects the genetic composition of populations allows us to infer history from genetic data. I contribute to this project in three ways. First, I estimate the historical trajectories of effective population size in Pan and Pongo. These analyses are based on past rates of coalescence, estimated within and between populations, and they use the largest known samples of whole genomes for each species. From these, I infer new histories of migration and separation in each genus. Second, the interpretation of past rates of coalescence is known to depend on whether a population is structured. I analyse a novel model of non-equilibrium island structure and propose an approach through which it can be used to aid the interpretation of estimated historical changes in effective population size. This is based on comparisons of the effects on theoretical distributions of coalescent times. The approach is then applied to examples arising in chimpanzee and human population history, in both cases suggesting effective population size changes are more likely due to changes in census population size, rather than island structure. The proliferation of ancient DNA sequencing presents a rich new resource. I develop a haplotype-based approach to help test more directly for ancestral structure. It is based on reconstructions of the ancestral recombination graph of a sample. The method incorporates an explicit coalescent analysis of locus ancestry under idealised demographic models. It jointly analyses samples of ancient and modern whole genomes in which modern sequences trace some recent part of their ancestry to populations from which the ancient sequences are drawn. I illustrate some of the possibilities and limitations of this tentative approach and apply it to questions about the peopling of North America.Gates Cambridge Trus