An Exploration into Technological Capabilities among early stage Indian product based Telecom start-ups

New technology based start-ups play a very important role in developing the economy of a country. In India, telecom sector has seen unprecedented growth over the last decade and this has led to emergence of several telecom related start-ups. However, product based B2B start-ups are rare and existing ones have to undergo several challenges in commercializing. Surprisingly not much research work has been undertaken in identifying capabilities among early stage start-ups although the early phase represents a very crucial phase for product based firms and has been known to determine the success or failure for start-ups. Present study explores the technological capabilities that enable commercialization among such early stage start-ups by adopting a multiple case (four independent cases) based inductive methodology with Indian telecom start-ups as the context. We have identified architectural design, algorithmic implementation and product adaptation as components of technological capability of such start-ups. We further drill in to each of the sub-components of the technological capabilities to unearth their antecedents and peculiarities in telecom product company context. As a result we also present a classification scheme for studying the product architecture in the telecom context. We analyze and point out differences in technological capability among telecom start-ups vis-�-vis established firms in the sector .

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) SPATIAL ANALYST TECHNIQUES A REFERENCE FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS

The Base Transverse Station (BTS) is one of the main units in the mobile communication system task. It represents the connection chain between the mobile station and the server, and it plays a major role for the completion of the process of communication between users. The towers locations (BTS) and its distributions have negative or positive effect on the active coverage power which affects the communication system. In this paper, the real locations for twenty two towers had been taken and these towers were distributed in six regions in the southern west side of sulaimany city in Iraq. By drawing the pattern for these BTS with radius equal to 200m and 300m using the Geographic Information System (GIS) program, a remarkable difference had been noticed in the radius of these cells. There active coverage areas which are suitable for good communication. Also there are interference regions and weak regions, which are areas with a weak signal or hidden areas; thus both can cause some types of fading. The weakness of the signal at these areas appears because of the irregular distribution of the towers. Finally, this paper summarizes the re-distribution of the towers and as a result the number of the towers had been - eliminated and the - weak area and the - Interference region - had been reduced in order to ensure maximum access of the active coverage area

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) SPATIAL ANALYST TECHNIQUES A REFERENCE FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS

The Base Transverse Station (BTS) is one of the main units in the mobile communication system task. It represents the connection chain between the mobile station and the server, and it plays a major role for the completion of the process of communication between users. The towers locations (BTS) and its distributions have negative or positive effect on the active coverage power which affects the communication system. In this paper, the real locations for twenty two towers had been taken and these towers were distributed in six regions in the southern west side of sulaimany city in Iraq. By drawing the pattern for these BTS with radius equal to 200m and 300m using the Geographic Information System (GIS) program, a remarkable difference had been noticed in the radius of these cells. There active coverage areas which are suitable for good communication. Also there are interference regions and weak regions, which are areas with a weak signal or hidden areas; thus both can cause some types of fading. The weakness of the signal at these areas appears because of the irregular distribution of the towers. Finally, this paper summarizes the re-distribution of the towers and as a result the number of the towers had been - eliminated and the - weak area and the - Interference region - had been reduced in order to ensure maximum access of the active coverage area

Traffic Control in Packet Switched Networks

This thesis examines traffic control options available in two existing routing solutions in packet-switched networks. The first solution is the shortest path hop-by-hop routing deployed with the OSPF or IS-IS routing protocol and the IP forwarding protocol. This is the initially deployed and still the most popular routing solution in the Internet. The second solution is explicit routing implemented with the RSVP-TE or CR-LDP signalling protocol and the MPLS forwarding protocol. This is the latest solution to have become widely deployed in the Internet. The thesis analyses the limitations of the two routing solutions as tools for traffic control and yields new insights that can guide the analysis and design of protocols involved in the process. A set of recommendations for modifications of the existing protocols is provided which would allow for a range of new traffic control approaches to be deployed in packet-switched networks. For future routing solutions which comply with the proposed recommendations two new algorithms are presented in the thesis. They are called the Link Mask Topology (LMT) algorithm, and the Link Cost Topology (LCT) algorithm. The two algorithms define a set of routing topologies and assign network traffic to routes available in these topologies aiming to simultaneously achieve high network throughput and fair resource allocation. While there are similarities in the operation of the two algorithms, their applicability is different as they allocate resources to multiple paths between two network nodes which are available in the defined routing topologies according to a different rule set. The LMT algorithm directs traffic sent between any pair of network nodes to a single route. The LCT algorithm directs traffic sent between a pair of network nodes to a number of routes. The performance of the two proposed algorithms is evaluated in the thesis with calculations comparing them to the shortest path routing algorithm in a number of test cases. The test results demonstrate the potentials of the two proposed algorithms in improving the performance of networks which employ shortest path routing

Integrated Network Management of Hybrid Networks

We describe our collaborative efforts towards the design and implementation of a next generation integrated network management system for hybrid networks (INMS/HN). We describe the overall software architecture of the system at its current stage of development. This network management system is specifically designed to address issues relevant for complex heterogeneous networks consisting of seamlessly interoperable terrestrial and satellite networks. Network management systems are a key element for interoperability in such networks. We describe the integration of configuration management and performance management. The next step in this integration is fault management. In particular we describe the object model, issues of the Graphical User Interface (GUI), browsing tools and performance data graphical widget displays, management information database (MIB) organization issues. Several components of the system are being commercialized by Hughes Network Systems. A revised version of this report has been published in Proceedings of the 1st Conference of Commercial Development of Space, Part One, pp. 345-350, Albuquerque, New Mexico, January 7-11, 1996.</ul

Metamodel-based framework in designing fault management in network management system

Fault management is the first element that matters in network management to ensure the high availability of the network. The existing fault management models are mostly specific to an organization’s standard. The proposed model can guide and help network managers to perform their routine task. Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop a generic and unified Fault Management Metamodel (FMM) that would create a fault management model, which in turn could be referred to as to better understand the flow of fault management. The FMM is developed by extracting and reconciling the fault management components from various fault management models. Then, the FMM is validated to ensure the correctness and logic of the proposed FMM. The FMM is validated using three validation techniques, which are the Frequency-based Selection, Face Validity and Tracing. The metamodelling framework that was used in this research is the Meta Object Facilities (MOF), and it was chosen because of its wide acceptance and coverage in many domains. The outcome of this research is the final validated FMM v1.2, which would guide network managers and other network users to better understand the fault management concepts flow and issues for their network. As for the future work, besides fault management, there are four other functional areas in network management that should be developed. The other areas are configuration management, accounting management, performance management and security management

A review of European applications of artificial intelligence to space

The purpose is to describe the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to the European Space program that are being developed or have been developed. The results of a study sponsored by the Artificial Intelligence Research and Development program of NASA's Office of Advanced Concepts and Technology (OACT) are described. The report is divided into two sections. The first consists of site reports, which are descriptions of the AI applications seen at each place visited. The second section consists of two summaries which synthesize the information in the site reports by organizing this information in two different ways. The first organizes the material in terms of the type of application, e.g., data analysis, planning and scheduling, and procedure management. The second organizes the material in terms of the component technologies of Artificial Intelligence which the applications used, e.g., knowledge based systems, model based reasoning, procedural reasoning, etc