Passivity-Based adaptive bilateral teleoperation control for uncertain manipulators without jerk measurements

In this work, we consider the bilateral teleoperation problem of cooperative robotic systems in a Single-Master Multi-Slave (SM/MS) configuration, which is able to perform load transportation tasks in the presence of parametric uncertainty in the robot kinematic and dynamic models. The teleoperation architecture is based on the two-layer approach placed in a hierarchical structure, whose top and bottom layers are responsible for ensuring the transparency and stability properties respectively. The load transportation problem is tackled by using the formation control approach wherein the desired translational velocity and interaction force are provided to the master robot by the user, while the object is manipulated with a bounded constant force by the slave robots. Firstly, we develop an adaptive kinematic-based control scheme based on a composite adaptation law to solve the cooperative control problem for robots with uncertain kinematics. Secondly, the dynamic adaptive control for cooperative robots is implemented by means of a cascade control strategy, which does not require the measurement of the time derivative of force (which requires jerk measurements). The combination of the Lyapunov stability theory and the passivity formalism are used to establish the stability and convergence property of the closed-loop control system. Simulations and experimental results illustrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed control scheme.No presente trabalho, considera-se o problema de teleoperação bilateral de um sistema robótico cooperativo do tipo single-master e multiple-slaves (SM/MS) capaz de realizar tarefas de transporte de carga na presença de incertezas paramétricas no modelo cinemático e dinâmico dos robôs. A arquitetura de teleoperação está baseada na abordagem de duas camadas em estrutura hierárquica, onde as camadas superior e inferior são responsáveis por assegurar as propriedades de transparência e estabilidade respectivamente. O problema de transporte de carga é formulado usando a abordagem de controle de formação onde a velocidade de translação desejada e a força de interação são fornecidas ao robô mestre pelo operador, enquanto o objeto é manipulado pelos robôs escravos com uma força constante limitada. Primeiramente, desenvolve-se um esquema de controle adaptativo cinemático baseado em uma lei de adaptação composta para solucionar o problema de controle cooperativo de robôs com cinemática incerta. Em seguida, o controle adaptativo dinâmico de robôs cooperativos é implementado por meio de uma estratégia de controle em cascata, que não requer a medição da derivada da força (o qual requer a derivada da aceleração ou jerk). A teoria de estabilidade de Lyapunov e o formalismo de passividade são usados para estabelecer as propriedades de estabilidade e a convergência do sistema de controle em malha-fechada. Resultados de simulações numéricas ilustram o desempenho e viabilidade da estratégia de controle proposta

Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Haptic Sensing and Touch Enabled Computer Applications, EuroHaptics 2022, held in Hamburg, Germany, in May 2022. The 36 regular papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 129 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: haptic science; haptic technology; and haptic applications

Towards understanding human locomotion

Die zentrale Frage, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht wurde, ist, wie man die komplizierte Dynamik des menschlichen Laufens besser verstehen kann. In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur werden zur Beschreibung von Laufbewegungen (Gehen und Rennen) oftmals minimalistische "Template"-Modelle verwendet. Diese sehr einfachen Modelle beschreiben nur einen ausgewählten Teil der Dynamik, meistens die Schwerpunktsbahn. In dieser Arbeit wird nun versucht, mittels Template-Modellen das Verständnis des Laufens voranzubringen. Die Analyse der Schwerpunktsbewegung durch Template-Modelle setzt eine präzise Bestimmung der Schwerpunktsbahn im Experiment voraus. Hierfür wird in Kapitel 2.3 eine neue Methode vorgestellt, welche besonders robust gegen die typischen Messfehler bei Laufexperimenten ist. Die am häfigsten verwendeten Template-Modelle sind das Masse-Feder-Modell und das inverse Pendel, welche zur Beschreibung der Körperschwerpunktsbewegung gedacht sind und das Drehmoment um den Schwerpunkt vernachlässigen. Zur Beschreibung der Stabilisierung der Körperhaltung (und damit der Drehimpulsbilanz) wird in Abschnitt 3.3 das Template-Modell "virtuelles Pendel" für das menschliche Gehen eingeführt und mit experimentellen Daten verglichen. Die Diskussion möglicher Realisierungsmechanismen legt dabei nahe, dass die Aufrichtung des menschlichen Gangs im Laufe der Evolution keine große mechanische Hürde war. In der Literatur wird oft versucht, Eigenschaften der Bewegung wie Stabilität durch Eigenschaften der Template-Modelle zu erklären. Dies wird in modifizierter Form auch in der vorliegen Arbeit getan. Hierzu wird zunächst eine experimentell bestimmte Schwerpunktsbewegung auf das Masse-Feder-Modell übertragen. Anschließend wird die Kontrollvorschrift der Schritt-zu-Schritt-Anpassung der Modellparameter identifiziert sowie eine geeignete Näherung angegeben, um die Stabilität des Modells, welches mit dieser Kontrollvorschrift ausgestattet wird, zu analysieren. Der Vergleich mit einer direkten Bestimmung der Stabilität aus einem Floquet-Modell zeigt qualitativ gute Übereinstimmung. Beide Ansätze führen auf das Ergebnis, dass beim langsamen menschlichen Rennen Störungen innerhalb von zwei Schritten weitgehend abgebaut werden. Zusammenfassend wurde gezeigt, wie Template-Modelle zum Verständnis der Laufbewegung beitragen können. Gerade die Identifikation der individuellen Kontrollvorschrift auf der Abstraktionsebene des Masse-Feder-Modells erlaubt zukünftig neue Wege, aktive Prothesen oder Orthesen in menschenähnlicher Weise zu steuern und ebnet den Weg, menschliches Rennen auf Roboter zu übertragen.Human locomotion is part of our everyday life, however the mechanisms are not well enough understood to be transferred into technical devices like orthoses, protheses or humanoid robots. In biomechanics often minimalistic so-called template models are used to describe locomotion. While these abstract models in principle offer a language to describe both human behavior and technical control input, the relation between human locomotion and locomotion of these templates was long unclear. This thesis focusses on how human locomotion can be described and analyzed using template models. Often, human running is described using the SLIP template. Here, it is shown that SLIP (possibly equipped with any controller) cannot show human-like disturbance reactions, and an appropriate extension of SLIP is proposed. Further, a new template to describe postural stabilization is proposed. Summarizing, this theses shows how simple template models can be used to enhance the understanding of human gait

Recent Advances in Multi Robot Systems

To design a team of robots which is able to perform given tasks is a great concern of many members of robotics community. There are many problems left to be solved in order to have the fully functional robot team. Robotics community is trying hard to solve such problems (navigation, task allocation, communication, adaptation, control, ...). This book represents the contributions of the top researchers in this field and will serve as a valuable tool for professionals in this interdisciplinary field. It is focused on the challenging issues of team architectures, vehicle learning and adaptation, heterogeneous group control and cooperation, task selection, dynamic autonomy, mixed initiative, and human and robot team interaction. The book consists of 16 chapters introducing both basic research and advanced developments. Topics covered include kinematics, dynamic analysis, accuracy, optimization design, modelling, simulation and control of multi robot systems

Technology 2001: The Second National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, volume 2

Proceedings of the workshop are presented. The mission of the conference was to transfer advanced technologies developed by the Federal government, its contractors, and other high-tech organizations to U.S. industries for their use in developing new or improved products and processes. Volume two presents papers on the following topics: materials science, robotics, test and measurement, advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, electronics, and software engineering

Industrial Robotics

This book covers a wide range of topics relating to advanced industrial robotics, sensors and automation technologies. Although being highly technical and complex in nature, the papers presented in this book represent some of the latest cutting edge technologies and advancements in industrial robotics technology. This book covers topics such as networking, properties of manipulators, forward and inverse robot arm kinematics, motion path-planning, machine vision and many other practical topics too numerous to list here. The authors and editor of this book wish to inspire people, especially young ones, to get involved with robotic and mechatronic engineering technology and to develop new and exciting practical applications, perhaps using the ideas and concepts presented herein