STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK RUMAH KNOCK DOWN PADA MASYARAKAT TANJUNG BATU SEBERANG

Produksi rumah knock down khususnya di wilayah tanjung batu seberang banyak sekali diminati. Kerajinan ini diwariskan turun menurun dari zaman kerajaan seriwijaya hingga saat ini. Permintaan produksi rumah kayu semakin meningkat dari tahun ketahun hal ini ternyata menjadi peluang sehingga banyak kalangan muda tergiur dengan usaha ini. Teori Strategi Pemasaran Kotler dan Armstrong (2004 dalam Varadarajan 2009). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Kualitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi Sebagai sumber utama, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data, Penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian mengacu pada pertanyaan utama : Bagaimana strategi pemasaran produk rumah knock down pada masyarakat Tanjung Batu Seberang ?. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 4 orang pengusaha rumah knock down di Kecamatan Tanjung Batu. Dengan dilengkapi 4 informan ini sehingga dapat memperkaya data, hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa strategi  masaran pemasaran di gunakan oleh semua informan dalam memasarkan produksi rumah knock down

Design dan Implementasi S-Box Dalam AVR ATMEGA8535 Sebagai Sistem Pengacak Suara Pada Jaringan Telepon

ABSTRAKSI: PSTN merupakan salah satu media komunikasi analog yang masih eksis hingga kini, bahkan jumlah penggunanya semakin meningkat tiap tahun. Dilihat dari segi tingkat pengamanan informasi, PSTN merupakan media paling rawan akan tindak penyadapan. Untuk itu dibutuhkannya teknik pengamanan/security suara yang cukup untuk pengamanan informasi yang dilewatkan di dalamnya. Dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan pengacakan data, fasilitas keamanan informasi akan semakin terjamin. Namun itu semua perlu adanya suatu perangkat pendukung dimana kehandalan dan ekonomis sistem pengaman sangat dibutuhkan dalam implementasi terhadap algoritma tersebut. Pemanfaatan mikrokontroller sebagai perangkat pendukung untuk mengimplementasikan algoritma pengamanan data sangat mungkin dilakukan, hal ini disebabkan semakin lengkapnya fitur mikrokontroller yang memungkinkan untuk diimplementasikan ke dalam berbagai jenis media, hal ini memberikan beberapa keuntungan diantaranya kepraktisan dan reabilitas alat semakin tinggi. Tugas akhir ini merancang dan mengimplementasikan S – Box (enkripsi data) ke dalam mikrokontroller AVR ATMEGA8535 sebagai system pengacakan suara pada saluran telepon. Sistem secara umum terdiri dari beberapa blok rangkaian yang bekerja baik pada sinyal digital maupun analog yang saling mendukung satu sama lain. Sinyal analog yang mampu diolah hanya terbatas pada sinyal suara dengan frekuensi kurang dari 3400Hz (range suara manusia) yang nantinya akan dienkrip lebih lanjut.Kata Kunci : Telepon, voice, S-Box, AVR ATMEGA8535.ABSTRACT: Public Switch Telephone Network PSTN is an analog exist communication media until now, even the number of its user is rising every year. Based on security aspect, PSTN is a very insecure media for taping. Therefore, it is needed voice security technique to save the information which through in it. By taking the benefits of random data, the facility of secure information will be kept. But, it needs a support device where the security system’s reliability and economic are much needed in implementing the algorithm. The advantage of Microcontroller as a support device to implement secure data algorithm can be done, because the feature of Microcontroller more complete so it can be implemented to any kinds of media, this thing give some advantages; the equipment’s practical and reliability is higher. This final project creates and implements S-Box (data encryption) into Microcontroller AVR ATMEGA8535 as a random voice system on telephone line. Basically, the system consists of some circuit blocks that works on digital signal or analog. Analog signal that can be processed is limited to voice signal, where the frequency is less then 3400 Hz (human’s range voice) that will be encrypted later.Keyword: Telephone, voice, S-Box, AVR ATMEGA8535

Asteroid family ages

A new family classification, based on a catalog of proper elements with $\sim 384,000$ numbered asteroids and on new methods is available. For the $45$ dynamical families with $>250$ members identified in this classification, we present an attempt to obtain statistically significant ages: we succeeded in computing ages for $37$ collisional families. We used a rigorous method, including a least squares fit of the two sides of a V-shape plot in the proper semimajor axis, inverse diameter plane to determine the corresponding slopes, an advanced error model for the uncertainties of asteroid diameters, an iterative outlier rejection scheme and quality control. The best available Yarkovsky measurement was used to estimate a calibration of the Yarkovsky effect for each family. The results are presented separately for the families originated in fragmentation or cratering events, for the young, compact families and for the truncated, one-sided families. For all the computed ages the corresponding uncertainties are provided. We found 2 cases where two separate dynamical families form together a single V-shape with compatible slopes, thus indicating a single collisional event. We have also found 3 examples of dynamical families containing multiple collisional families, plus a dubious case. We have found 2 cases of families containing a conspicuous subfamily, such that it is possible to measure the slope of a distinct V-shape, thus the age of the secondary collision. We also provide data on the central gaps appearing in some families. The ages computed in this paper are obtained with a single and uniform methodology, thus the ages of different families can be compared, providing a first example of collisional chronology of the asteroid main belt

Penerapan metode diskusi dan metode mind mapping pada pembelajaran tema 1 organ gerak hewan dan manusia kelas v di MIN 4 Palangka Raya

Pembelajaran harus memiliki komponen yang mempengaruhi proses belajar mengajar, salah satunya adalah metode pembelajaran. Di MIN 4 Kota Palangka Raya sudah menerapkan beberapa metode pembelajaran seperti ceramah, tanya jawab dan penugasan. Hanya saja pada saat pembelajaran guru kurang memvariasikan metode pembelajar yang membuat siswa merasa bosan dan tidak semangat untuk belajar. Sehingga rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah 1) Bagaimana penerapan metode diskusi dan metode mind mapping pada pembelajaran tema 1 organ gerak hewan dan manusia di kelas V MIN 4 Palangka Raya. 2) Bagaimana tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan metode diskusi dan metode mind mapping di kelas V MIN 4 Kota Palangka Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan metode diskusi dan metode mind mapping di kelas V MIN 4 Kota Palangka Raya dan untuk mengetahui tanggapan siswa mengenai penerapan metode diskusi dan metode mind mapping di kelas V MIN 4 Kota Palangka Raya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan motode deskriptif. Jadi jenis penlitiannya adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Subyek penelitian yaitu 1 guru wali kelas dan 5 siswa sebagai informan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan oleh peneliti adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi dan dianalisis melalui data collection, dan Reduction, data Display dan Conclusions Drawing. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh peneliti, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode diskusi dan metode mind mapping dilihat dari hasil observasi wawancara dan dokumentasi, penerapan metode juga sudah sesuai dengan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran walaupun ada beberapa aspek proses pembelajaran yang belum terlaksana dengan baik dan maksimal yaitu seperti tidak melakukan apersepsi, siswa mencatat hasil diskusi bersama temannya, guru tidak mengabsen kehadiran siswa, guru tidak menyampaikan kompetensi yang dicapai. 2)Tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan metode diskusi dan mind mapping juga beragam seperti menyebutkan bahwa pembelajarannya menyenangkan, dapat diahami dan tidak membosankan. Sebelum metode pembelajaran diterapkan siswa pasif dan kurang aktif dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, namun setelah diterapkannya metode diskusi dan metode mind mapping siswa menjadi aktif dan mudah dipahami oleh siswa sehinggan pembelajaran tidak membosankan. Dapat dilihat dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi siswa mengatakan bahwa pembelajarannya mudah dipahami serta menyenangkan. Suasana saat pembelajaran pun terasa menyenangkan dan tidak bosan. ABSTRACT Learning must have components that affect the learning process, one of which is the learning method. In MIN 4, Palangkaraya City has implemented several learning methods such as lectures, questions and answers and assignments. It's just that when learning the teacher does not vary the learning methods that make students feel bored and not eager to learn. So that the formulation of the problem of this research is 1) How is the application of the discussion method and the mind mapping method on learning theme 1 of animal and human motion organs in class V MIN 4 Palangka Raya. 2) How do students respond to the application of discussion methods and mind mapping methods in class V MIN 4 Palangkaraya City. This study aims to describe the application of the discussion method and mind mapping method in class V MIN 4 Palangkaraya City and to determine students' responses regarding the application of the discussion method and mind mapping method in class V MIN 4 Palangkaraya City. This study uses a qualitative approach, with a descriptive method. So the type of research is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were 1 homeroom teacher and 5 students as informants. Data collection techniques used by researchers are observation, interviews and documentation. The data validation technique uses triangulation and analyzed through data collection, and Reduction, Display data and Drawing Conclusions. The results of this study are 1) Based on the research results obtained by researchers, it can be concluded that the application of the discussion method and the mind mapping method seen from the results of interview observations and documentation, the application of the method is also in accordance with the learning implementation plan even though there are several aspects of the learning process that have not been carried out properly and optimally, such as not do apperception, students record the results of discussions with their friends, the teacher does not attend student attendance, the teacher does not convey the competencies achieved. 2) Students' responses to the application of the discussion and mind mapping methods were also varied as they stated that the learning was fun, understandable and not boring. Before learning methods are applied passive students and less active in teaching and learning activities, but after the implementation of the discussion method and mind mapping methods students become active and easily understood by students so that learning is not boring. Can be seen from the results of observations, interviews and student documentation said that learning is easy to understand and fun. The atmosphere when learning feels fun and not bored

Ages of young stars

Determining the sequence of events in the formation of stars and planetary systems and their time-scales is essential for understanding those processes, yet establishing ages is fundamentally difficult because we lack direct indicators. In this review we discuss the age challenge for young stars, specifically those less than ~100 Myr old. Most age determination methods that we discuss are primarily applicable to groups of stars but can be used to estimate the age of individual objects. A reliable age scale is established above 20 Myr from measurement of the Lithium Depletion Boundary (LDB) in young clusters, and consistency is shown between these ages and those from the upper main sequence and the main sequence turn-off -- if modest core convection and rotation is included in the models of higher-mass stars. Other available methods for age estimation include the kinematics of young groups, placing stars in Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams, pulsations and seismology, surface gravity measurement, rotation and activity, and lithium abundance. We review each of these methods and present known strengths and weaknesses. Below ~20 Myr, both model-dependent and observational uncertainties grow, the situation is confused by the possibility of age spreads, and no reliable absolute ages yet exist. The lack of absolute age calibration below 20 Myr should be borne in mind when considering the lifetimes of protostellar phases and circumstellar material.Comment: Accepted for publication as a chapter in Protostars and Planets VI, University of Arizona Press (2014), eds. H. Beuther, R. Klessen, C. Dullemond, Th. Hennin

War Through the Ages

Review of John Keegan, A History of Warfare. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993

Stellar ages from asteroseismology

Asteroseismology provides powerful means to probe stellar interiors. The oscillations frequencies are closely related to stellar interior properties via the density and sound speed profiles. Since these are tightly linked with the mass and evolutionary state, we can expect to determine the age and mass of a star from the comparison of its oscillation spectrum with predictions of stellar models. Such a comparison suffers both from the problems we face when modeling a particular star (as the uncertainties on global parameters and chemical composition) and from our misunderstanding of processes at work in stellar interiors (as the transport processes that may lead to core mixing and affect the model ages). For stars where observations have provided precise and numerous oscillation frequencies together with accurate global parameters and additional information (as the radius or the mass if the star is in a binary system, the interferometric radius or the mean density if the star is an exoplanet host), we can also expect to better constrain the physical description of the stellar structure and to get a more reliable age estimation. After a survey of stellar pulsations, we present some seismic diagnostics that can be used to infer the age of a star as well as their limitations. We then illustrate the ability of asteroseismology to scrutinize stellar interiors on the basis of a few exemples. In the years to come, extended very precise asteroseismic observations are expected, in photometry or in spectroscopy, from ground-based (HARPS, CORALIE, ELODIE, UVES, UCLES, SIAMOIS, SONG) or spatial devices (MOST, CoRoT, WIRE, Kepler, PLATO). This will considerably enlarge the sample of stars eligible to asteroseismic age determination and should allow to estimate the age of individual stars with a 10-20% accuracy.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, Proc. of the IAU Symp. 258 "The Ages of Stars", Baltimore USA 13-17 Oct 2008, eds D. Soderblom et al., CUP in pres