An efficient solver for multi-objective onshore wind farm siting and network integration

Existing planning approaches for onshore wind farm siting and network integration often do not meet minimum cost solutions or social and environmental considerations. In this paper, we develop an approach for the multi-objective optimization of turbine locations and their network connection using a Quota Steiner tree problem. Applying a novel transformation on a known directed cut formulation, reduction techniques, and heuristics, we design an exact solver that makes large problem instances solvable and outperforms generic MIP solvers. Although our case studies in selected regions of Germany show large trade-offs between the objective criteria of cost and landscape impact, small burdens on one criterion can significantly improve the other criteria. In addition, we demonstrate that contrary to many approaches for exclusive turbine siting, network integration must be simultaneously optimized in order to avoid excessive costs or landscape impacts in the course of a wind farm project. Our novel problem formulation and the developed solver can assist planners in decision making and help optimize wind farms in large regions in the future

Electronic Imaging & the Visual Arts. EVA 2019 Florence

The Publication is following the yearly Editions of EVA FLORENCE. The State of Art is presented regarding the Application of Technologies (in particular of digital type) to Cultural Heritage. The more recent results of the Researches in the considered Area are presented. Information Technologies of interest for Culture Heritage are presented: multimedia systems, data-bases, data protection, access to digital content, Virtual Galleries. Particular reference is reserved to digital images (Electronic Imaging & the Visual Arts), regarding Cultural Institutions (Museums, Libraries, Palace - Monuments, Archaeological Sites). The International Conference includes the following Sessions: Strategic Issues; New Science and Culture Developments & Applications; New Technical Developments & Applications; Cultural Activities – Real and Virtual Galleries and Related Initiatives, Access to the Culture Information. One Workshop regards Innovation and Enterprise. The more recent results of the Researches at national and international level are reported in the Area of Technologies and Culture Heritage, also with experimental demonstrations of developed Activities

Drawing Trees on Grids

Das Zeichnen von Graphen beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die durch einen Graphen repräsentierten Informationen für einen Betrachter übersichtlich und verständlich dargestellt werden können. Die Graphklasse der Bäume dient insbesondere zur Repräsentation von hierarchischen Strukturen. Neben den hierarchisch und radial darstellenden Verfahren werden Bäume auch auf dem orthogonalen Gitter gezeichnet, in welchem die Knoten auf ganzzahligen Koordinaten liegen und die Kanten entlang der horizontalen und vertikalen Gitterlinien verlaufen. Gewünscht wird eine gute Lesbarkeit der Zeichnungen und deren effiziente Berechnung. Für die formale Bewertung der Lesbarkeit existieren speziell für das Zeichnen von Bäumen definierte Ästhetikkriterien, wie eine ebenenweise Darstellung, die Ordnungserhaltung und Kriterien zur Darstellung von Subgraphisomorphien und Symmetrien. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit einer bislang wenig studierten Erweiterung des orthogonalen Gitters auf das hexagonale und oktagonale Gitter durch das Hinzunehmen von einer bzw. beider diagonalen Gitterrichtungen, und der Problemstellung, wie Bäume darauf gezeichnet werden. Dadurch können auch Bäume mit einem höheren Grad gezeichnet werden als auf dem orthogonalen Gitter. Die Einschränkung, dass nur Bäume gezeichnet werden können, deren Grad kleiner ist als die Anzahl der Gitterrichtungen des verwendeten Gitters, besteht jedoch weiterhin. Als Ästhetikkriterien werden die lokale Uniformität, die die Länge der ausgehenden Kanten eines Knotens festlegt, und Pattern, die deren Richtungen festlegen, eingeführt. Gegenüber dem bekannten linearen Flächenverbrauch von geradlinigen Zeichnungen von vollständigen Binärbäumen auf dem orthogonalen Gitter, werden für Zeichnungen von vollständigen d-nären Bäumen mit d > 2 nicht-lineare untere Schranken für die benötigte Fläche auf dem hexagonalen und dem oktagonalen Gitter gezeigt. Insgesamt werden für vollständige und beliebige, geordnete und ungeordnete Bäume obere und untere Flächenschranken für Zeichnungen auf dem hexagonalen und oktagonalen Gitter präsentiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass bei nicht-ordnungserhaltenden Zeichnungen zwar mehr als lineare, aber deutlich weniger als quadratische Fläche benötigt wird. Im Gegensatz dazu gibt es geordnete Bäume, deren ordnungserhaltende Zeichnungen exponentielle Fläche benötigen. Des Weiteren wird die Ermittlung der minimalen Zeichenfläche für geordnete d-näre Bäume ebenso als NP-vollständig bewiesen, wie das Zeichnen von ungeordneten d-nären Bäumen mit einheitlichen Kantenlängen. Schließlich werden zwei Linearzeitalgorithmen vorgestellt, die geordnete d-näre Bäume unter Einhaltung der genannten Ästhetikkriterien zeichnen

Cognitive Foundations for Visual Analytics

In this report, we provide an overview of scientific/technical literature on information visualization and VA. Topics discussed include an update and overview of the extensive literature search conducted for this study, the nature and purpose of the field, major research thrusts, and scientific foundations. We review methodologies for evaluating and measuring the impact of VA technologies as well as taxonomies that have been proposed for various purposes to support the VA community. A cognitive science perspective underlies each of these discussions

1967-68 Catalog

https://encompass.eku.edu/ug_cat/1049/thumbnail.jp

Theses and Dissertations Dealing with Nebraska and Nebraskans

1. AGRICULTURE A. GENERAL 1. Blake, Gordon J., Reasons for Entry into and Exit from Small Business, Farming and Ranching in Buffalo County, Nebraska, Since 1946, PhD, UN, \u2770, 216 p, ac. Information secured from farmers, ranchers, and small business· men rather than census reports; retirement and death chief reasons for abandoning farms while those who entered did so because they liked that type of life. 2. Bowden, Martyn John, Changes in Land Use in Jefferson County, Nebraska, 1857-1957, MA, UN, \u2759, 227p, c. Both quantitative and qualitative approach to land use; extensive bibliography. 3. Bush, Ralph Frederick, Trends of Adjustment of Size of Farming Units in Nebraska, MA, UN, \u2739, 119p, cm. The size of farming units increase during periods of prosperity while the opposite is true during depressions. 4. Collett, Clinton Ellsworth, The Agriculture Geography of Fillmore County, Nebraska, MA, UN, \u2717, 38p, cim. Locates various soil types and indicates crop most suitable for each; also a brief history of the county. 5. Cornelius, Grant Leland, Availability of Farm Land to Beginning and Established Farm Operators in Johnson County, Nebraska, MA, UN, \u2756, 65p, ac. Part of Nebraska Agriculture Experiment Station Project 487. Compares characteristics of beginning with established farm operators; based on questionnaires sent to county committeemen. 6. Fitzgerald, Denis Patrick, The Transitional Character of the Farm Landscape of Central Nebraska, MA, UN, \u2759, 243p, cmp. Deals with Boone, Nance, Garfield, Greeley, Valley, and Wheeler counties. 7. Fox, John G., County Commissioners\u27 and County Extension Board Members\u27 Perception of the Nebraska Extension Service, EdM, ColoSU, \u2768, ll8p, ac. 8. Grady, Gilbert Dean, Farm Tenancies in Nebraska, MS, UN, \u2765, 162p, ac. A study of the legal and economic aspects of prevailing types of leases in use. 9. Hayes, Frank Albert, Agricultural Geography of Dawes County, Nebraska, MA, UN, \u2716, 31p, c. Describes the various physiographic regions and type of agriculture practiced in each. 10. Hervey, Jackie Lee, The Analysis of the Components of Change in Number of Farmers in the North Central States, 1910- 1959, MS, UN, 62, 88p, aci. Covers area from Ohio on the east to Kansas and Nebraska on west; Boone, Custer, Greeley, Howard, Sherman, and Valley counties in Nebraska examined

Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Aesthetics, Possible Worlds of Contemporary Aesthetics Aesthetics Between History, Geography and Media

The Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade and the Society for Aesthetics of Architecture and Visual Arts of Serbia (DEAVUS) are proud to be able to organize the 21st ICA Congress on “Possible Worlds of Contemporary Aesthetics: Aesthetics Between History, Geography and Media”. We are proud to announce that we received over 500 submissions from 56 countries, which makes this Congress the greatest gathering of aestheticians in this region in the last 40 years. The ICA 2019 Belgrade aims to map out contemporary aesthetics practices in a vivid dialogue of aestheticians, philosophers, art theorists, architecture theorists, culture theorists, media theorists, artists, media entrepreneurs, architects, cultural activists and researchers in the fields of humanities and social sciences. More precisely, the goal is to map the possible worlds of contemporary aesthetics in Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa and Australia. The idea is to show, interpret and map the unity and diverseness in aesthetic thought, expression, research, and philosophies on our shared planet. Our goal is to promote a dialogue concerning aesthetics in those parts of the world that have not been involved with the work of the International Association for Aesthetics to this day. Global dialogue, understanding and cooperation are what we aim to achieve. That said, the 21st ICA is the first Congress to highlight the aesthetic issues of marginalised regions that have not been fully involved in the work of the IAA. This will be accomplished, among others, via thematic round tables discussing contemporary aesthetics in East Africa and South America. Today, aesthetics is recognized as an important philosophical, theoretical and even scientific discipline that aims at interpreting the complexity of phenomena in our contemporary world. People rather talk about possible worlds or possible aesthetic regimes rather than a unique and consistent philosophical, scientific or theoretical discipline

Housing quality and lost (public) space in Croatia

IN ENGLISH: In the post-socialist period and within the current social transition context, urban and rural Croatia has, just like other transition countries, experienced many changes in the social structure and space. One example is the housing quality which is a replica of the situation in the Croatian society and has also undergone some major changes. Socially oriented housing construction co-financed by the state and the cities is in an unfavourable position compared to private housing construction. In the last twenty years the amount of the social housing construction has been only a minor part of the total contruction work in the country. For instance, out of nine newly planned residential housing developments in Zagreb, the capital city, only three have been completed and the work on the rest of them has stopped and is unlikely to continue. Private construction work prevails especially on the edge of the city and is characterised by high density housing. This type of housing construction doesn't benefit the majority of citizens in search of accommodation (price per square meter is too high, low-quality building). There is also a big problem of the community facilities (primary and secondary infrastructure, schools, kindergartens, playgrounds, green areas, sidewalks, public transport etc.). The existing globalisation-transition circumstances of the Croatian society corroborate the fact which experts of various profiles often point out: ignoring the process of (urban) planning will irreparably damage the space. The city transformation shows the absence of comprehensive urban planning which results in an ever increasing number of random buildings which do not fit in the surroundings. This leads up to yet another important issue – the shrinking and, in some cases, disappearance of public space which becomes the “lost space“. In recent years there has been a lot of building in the city core and on the edge which does not quite fit in the existing urban structure, image or the skyline of the city. The current situation in the process of planning can be characterized as a conflict and imbalance between the powerful actors (mostly political and economic) and less powerful actors (mostly professional and civil). The actors who have the political power and influence and the ones who possess the capital are forming an “alliance” between two important layers of the social structure. The lack of civil and professional actors, “lost spatial actors”, and therefore of civic aggregation is also present and that is also the cause of public space “disappearance” and undermined process of public participation. --------------- IN CROATIAN: U postsocijalističkom razdoblju i trenutnom tranzicijskom kontekstu urbana i ruralna Hrvatska su, kao i ostale tranzicijske zemlje, doživjele mnoge promjene u društvenoj strukturi i samom prostoru. Na primjeru kvalitete stanovanja kao replike stanja u hrvatskom društvu mogu se vidjeti značajne promjene. Društveno usmjerena stambena izgradnja sufinancirana od strane države i gradova je stoga rjeđa i u nepovoljnijoj je situaciji prema privatnoj stanogradnji. Zadnjih dvadeset godina udjel socijalne stambene gradnje je zanemariv u ukupnoj izgradnji na razini zemlje. Primjerice, od devet planiranih stambenih naselja izgrađenih po modelu POS-a u Zagrebu samo su tri i završena. Na ostalima je proces gradnje zastao i ne čini se da će se privesti kraju. Privatna je gradnje prisutnija, posebno na rubovima grada, a obilježava je visoka gustoća gradnje. Ovakav tip gradnje ne odgovara većini stanovnika koji su u procesu potražnje stambene nekretnine (visoka cijena kvadratnog metra, a slaba kvaliteta gradnje). Postoji također i problem nedostatne opremljenosti susjedstva (primarna i sekundarna infrastruktura, škole, vrtići, igrališta, zelene površine, pješačke staze, javni transport itd.). Navedene globalizacijsko-tranzicijske okolnosti hrvatskog društva potvrđuju ono što eksperti različitih profila ističu, a to je da će ignoriranje procesa (urbanog) planiranja nepovratno uništiti prostor gradova. Ovakve transformacije pokazuju nedostatak sustavnog urbanog planiranja što rezultira sve većim brojem zgrada koje se ne uklapaju u neposrednu okolinu. To nadalje dovodi do drugog važnog aspekta – smanjivanja i u nekim slučajevima, nestanka javnog prostora koji postaje „izgubljeni prostor“. Posljednjih je godina izgrađen velik broj zgrada, i u središtu i na rubovima grada, koje se ne uklapaju u postojeću urbanu strukturu, izgled ili vizuru grada. Ovakvu situaciju obilježavaju sukob i neravnoteža između moćnijih društvenih aktera (većinom političkih i ekonomskih) i onih manje moćnih (većinom profesionalnih i civilnih). Politički i ekonomski akteri se često povezuju u „savez“ dvaju najjačih u društvenoj strukturi. S druge strane nedostatak utjecaja civilnih i profesionalnih aktera kao „izgubljenih prostornih aktera“ dovodi do „nestanka“ javnih prostora te smanjenja važnosti procesa participacije (sudjelovanja javnosti)