Entomological handbook for Aedes aegypti eradication

"Eradication of an insect from a large geographical area is a most difficult entomological accomplishment. Moderately effective measures often suffice to reduce insect populations to an inoffensive level, but eradication requires a sharpening and enlarging of all abatement activities. Therefore the Andes aegypti eradication program requires sincere devotion to duty and the best efforts of well trained, alert workers. This handbook provides the professional worker with information about this mosquito, its identification, significant habits, and the equipment and techniques used to seek out infestations, take and preserve samples, and identify the specimens. As mosquito populations are reduced, the task of the field inspector becomes increasingly more difficult and the role of identifications becomes even more significant in verifying eradication. The able supervisory inspectors and taxonomists will not confine their studies solely to this handbook, but will seek out and study other references, and will strengthen their abilities with field observations that may disclose new knowledge significant to the Program. " - p. 1Introduction -- Distribution -- Biology and habits of Aedes aegypti -- Life cycle -- Other common mosquitoes breeding in containers -- Mosquito collection and identification -- Pictoral key to some common mosquito larvae found in artificial containers -- Key to larval mosquitoes found in receptacles -- Pictoral key to some common adult mosquitoes associated with Aedes aegypti -- Key to adults of receptacle-breeding mosquitoesHarry D. Pratt, Kent S. Littig, Milton E. Tinker."Preliminary issue, September 1966."Includes bibliographical references (p. 43)

PERBEDAAN ANGKA FEKUNDITAS, FERTILITAS DAN DAYA HIDUP PADA PERKAWINAN PARENTAL NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DAN Aedes albopictus

Pemberantasan nyamuk Aedes spp bertujuan memutus rantai penularan penyakit demam berdarah dengue. Aedes aegypti sebagai vektor utama dan Aedes albopictus sebagai vektor kedua. Afar pengendalian vektor berhasil maka dalam menentukan strategi pemberantasan vektor diperlukan pengetahuan tentang ekologi nyamuk yang di duga menjadi vektor DBD dan angka perkembangbiakan (fertilitas dan fekunditas) nyamuk serta daya hidup Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis angka fekunditas, fertilitas dan daya hidup pada perkawinan parental nyamuk Aedess aegypti dan Aedes albopictus . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasy Experiment dengan Postest Only Design untuk mendapatkan informasi perbedaan angka fekunditas, fertilitas dan daya hidup pada perkawinan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus . Sampel adalah semua nyamuk hasil penetasan di laboratorium. Perolehan telur nyamuk dilakukan selama 42 hari. Perkawinan dilakukan dengan rasio 5:5. Angka fertilitas dihitung dari penetasan telur Ae. aegypti jantan dengan Aedes aegypti bbetina dan Aedes albopictus jantan dengan Aedes albopictus betina. Daya hidup dihitung berdasarkan banyaknya telur menetas, larva survive, pupa survive dan nyamuk survive. Uji statistik diperoleh tidak ada perbedaan angka fekunditas pada perkawinan parental nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus (p=0,265; ada perbedaan angka fertilitas pada perkawinan parental nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus (p=0,0001; ada perbedaan yang signifikan daya hidup (telur menetas,, pupa survive dan nyamuk survive) pada perkawinan nyamuk parental Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus (P=0,0001), tidak ada perbedaan signifikan daya hidup (larva survive) pada perkawinan nyamuk Parental Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus (p=0,227) Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui perbedaan angka fekunditas, fertilitas dan daya hidup pada perkawinan filial nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus Kata Kunci: Angka fertilitas, Angka fekunditas, daya hidup, nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictu

PERBEDAAN ANGKA FEKUNDITAS DAN FERTILITAS NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI PADA PEMAJANAN ANTI NYAMUK AEROSOL, BAKAR DAN ELEKTRIK BERBAHAN AKTIF D-ALLETHRIN

Demam berdarah adalah penyakit disebabkan infeksi virus DEN yang dibawa nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus betina. Nyamuk Aedes aegypti betina memegang peranan lebih dominan dalam penyebaran penyakit demam berdarah daripada nyamuk Aedes albopictus karena kesukaannya tinggal dalam rumah. Berbagai upaya pengendalian penyakit demam berdarah dilakukan. Salah satunya penggunaan anti nyamuk. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan telah terjadi penurunan jumlah telur yang dihasilkan nyamuk Aedes aegypti setelah pemajanan insektisida kimia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan angka fekunditas dan fertilitas nyamuk Aedes aegypti pada pemajanan anti nyamuk aerosol, bakar dan elektrik berbahan aktif d-allethrin. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian post test only control group design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh nyamuk dewasa Aedes aegypti betina berumur 2-3 hari yang berhasil ditetaskan di laboratorium. Sampel berjumlah 240 ekor nyamuk dewasa Aedes aegypti betina berumur 2-3 hari. Uji normalitas data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov smirnov. Analisis data diuji dengan One Way Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata angka fekunditas nyamuk Aedes aegypti hasil pemajanan anti nyamuk aerosol sebesar 38,37 dan angka fertilitas 22,43 ; 40,07 dan 21,6 pada pemajanan anti nyamuk bakar serta 51,03 dan 34 pada pemajanan anti nyamuk elektrik. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara angka fekunditas nyamuk Aedes aegypti hasil pemajanan anti nyamuk elektrik dengan angka fekunditas nyamuk Aedes aegypti kontrol (p = 0,002), anti nyamuk aerosol (p= 0,005) dan anti nyamuk bakar (p = 0,014). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara angka fertilitas nyamuk Aedes aegypti hasil pemajanan anti nyamuk aerosol, anti nyamuk bakar dan anti nyamuk elektrik dengan angka fertilitas nyamuk Aedes aegypti kontrol. Kata Kunci: Aedes aegypti, fekunditas, fertilitas, anti nyamuk, d-allethrin THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FECUNDITY AND FERTILITY RATE OF AEDES AEGYPTI IN THE EXPOSURE OF AEROSOL, COLI AND ELECTRIC ANTI MOSQUITO WITH D-ALLETHRIN ACTIVE INGREDIENT Dengue fever is disease caused by DEN virus infection that brought by female of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito. Female of Aedes aegypti mosquito have more more dominat part in spreading of dengue disease than female of Aedes albopictus mosquito because its bionomics remain in house. Various operation effort of dengue disease was done. One of them is anti mosquito usage. Some research mentioned that had happened fecundity and fertility decrease of Aedes aegypti mosquito after chemical insecticide exposure. The purpose of this research was to analyse the difference between fecundity and fertility rate of Aedes aegypti in the exposure of aerosol, coil and electric anti mosquito with d-allethrin active ingredient. Experimental with post test only control group design was used. Population were all adult female of Aedes aegypti mosquito that had 2-3 days old that survive incubated in laboratory. Samples were 240 adult female of Aedes aegypti mosquito that had 2-3 days old. Data normality was tested by Kolmogorov smirnov test and analysed by One Way Anova. Result of this research showed that fecundity mean rate of Aedes aegypti mosquito in aerosol exposure is 38,37 and fertility mean rate is 22,43 ; 40,07 and 21,6 in coil exposure ; 51,03 and 34 in electric exposure. There are significant difference between fecundity rate of Aedes aegypti mosquito that exposed electric with fecundity rate of control Aedes aegypti (p = 0,002), aerosol (p = 0,005) and coil (p = 0,014) There are no significant difference between fertility rate of Aedes aegypti that exposed aerosol, coil and electric with fertility rate of control Aedes aegypti. Keyword : Aedes aegypti, fecundity, fertility, anti mosquito, d-allethri

The Aedes aegypti Eradication Program

Introduction -- History -- -- How the program works -- Organization -- Field operations -- Working with the community -- -- The program thus far -- Special problems -- Research.Two years ago the Public Health Service began a program to eradicate Aedes aegypti (the yellow fever mosquito) from all the still-infested areas under United States responsibility. This mosquito is notorious as a vector of human diseases: of yellow fever, historically one of the most dreaded pestilential diseases; of dengue fever, often called "breakbone fever" because of the pain its victims suffer; and of other hemorrhagic fevers, for example, a severe new type now epidemic in the Orient and moving slowly westward. Here is the story, briefly, of why this mosquito must be eradicated, of how the eradication program works, and of what has been done thus far

Effect of Boiled Carica Papaya Leaf on Death of Aedes Aegypti Larvae

Background: In its life cycle Aedes aegypti larvae develop to become mosquito. Then the masquito develops to become vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever transmission. The life cycle of Aedes aegypti vector can be interrupted by killing Aedes aegypti larvae. The killing of Aedes aegypti larvae has been undertaken by fogging or abate powder administration. However, these methods can cause environmental pollution. Carica papaya leaf has long been recognized to have the potential to become an effective and safe larvacide since it contains papain enzyme. The effect of papain protease can kill Aedes aegypti larvae. This study aimed to determine the effect of boiled Carica papaya leaf on death of Aedes aegypti larvae.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic experimental study using randomized control trial design. The study was conducted in Curup Tengah village, Bengkulu Province. Study sample included 36 water containers containing Aedes aegypti larvae. These containers were divided into 2 groups: papain enzyme group and no papain enzyme (control) group. The data on the percentage of killed Aedes aegypti larvae were then compared and tested by Chi Square test. The effect of Carica papaya leaf was indicated by Odds Ratio.Results: Boiled Carica papaya leaf had an effect on the death of Aedes aegypti larvae. Carica papaya leaf that was administered on the larvae increased the risk of death among Aedes aegypti larvae four times as many (OR= 4.10; p= 0.043). Conslusion: Carica papaya leaf is effective to increase the risk of death among Aedes aegypti larvae.Keyword : Carica papaya leaf, Aedes aegypti larvae.Correspondence: Rustam Aji. Study Program in Nursing, Curup School of Health Polytechnics, Bengkulu. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(3): 236-240https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.03.0

Competition between Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae in the laboratory

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da competição larval intra e interespecífica entre Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus, sobre sobrevivência de larvas, tempo de desenvolvimento e comprimento de asa. O experimento foi realizado em três densidades com 5 proporções das espécies. A sobrevivência de Aedes aegypti apresentou-se superior a de Aedes albopictus em densidade intermediária e inferior em densidade alta. Somente Aedes albopictus teve seu tempo de desenvolvimento afetado. Diferenças encontradas nas comparações das combinações das espécies demonstraram que o comprimento médio de asas de Aedes aegypti, no geral, foi maior que Aedes albopictus. Nas duas espécies, a competição afetou mais o comprimento de asa e a sobrevivência que o tempo de desenvolvimento. Aedes aegypti parece apresentar maior capacidade competitiva em relação a Aedes albopictus em densidade intermediária.This study had the aim of evaluating the effects of intra and interspecies larval competition between Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, survival of larvae time taken to develop and wing length. The experiment was carried out with three densities and five proportions of the species. Aedes aegypti survival was greater than Aedes albopictus survival at intermediate density, while it was lower at high density. Only the time taken for Aedes albopictus to develop was affected. The differences found in comparing the species combinations demonstrated that the mean wing length of Aedes aegypti was generally greater than that of Aedes albopictus. For both species, competition had greater effect on wing length and survival than on the time taken to develop. Aedes aegypti seems to present better competitive capacity than does Aedes albopictus, at intermediate density

Color, Bacteria, and Mosquito Eggs as Ovipositional Attractants for \u3ci\u3eAedes Aegypti\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eAedes Albopictus\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Culicidae)

Selected bacterial washes, color, and mosquito eggs were comparatively examined as ovipositional attractants for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Any evidence of additive activity was noted. All colored washes alone were preferred over selected bacterial washes. The combinations of color and bacteria in a single wash were better attractants for oviposition than colored washes alone. The bacterial content of the breeding water was a more important factor than egg presence in oviposition site selection