Understanding the Induction Experience of Licensed Mental Health Counselors Working in New York City School Based Mental Health Clinics

The mental health symptoms and diagnosis rates of children and adolescents is rising in the United States (Oliver & Abel, 2018). To support the growing mental health rates and offset the work being provided by school counselors, school social workers, and school psychologists, schools are contracting with community mental health agencies to provide mental health counseling services in the school setting (Weist et al., 2017b). For some community mental health agencies, they are opening school based mental health clinics (SBMHCs) to provide more comprehensive mental health counseling services to reduce families having to seek services in their community (Weist et al., 2017b). The providers working in the school setting are licensed mental health professionals including professional counselors or mental health counselors and social workers (Mills & Cunningham, 2017). Prior research explored how school counselors acclimated to the school setting when new to the school community (Matthes, 1992; Curry & Bickmore, 2012;2013), however there is no prior research that explored the acclimation of licensed mental health counselors (LMHCs) within the school setting, including LMHCs working in SBMHCs. This study sought to understand the induction experiences of LMHCs working in SBMHCs located in New York City schools. Drawing from the teacher preparation literature, induction is the process where novice teachers supported and mentored typically at the beginning of their career (Curry & Bickmore, 2012, 2013; DeAngelis Peace, 1995). Utilizing a phenomenological qualitative approach to understanding the LMHCs experiences, nine participants were recruited and shared their induction process across two semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis which allowed for both a descriptive and interpretative understanding of the findings. As a result, the findings yielded six themes and twelve subthemes which are presented from a descriptive and interpretive lens. A discussion of the findings is presented alongside the relevant literature in addition to the strengths and limitations of the study. Recommendations for future research concludes the dissertation

Plants and Environment

Changing environmental condition and global population demands understanding the plant responses to hostile environment. Significant progress has been made over the past few decades through amalgamation of molecular breeding with non-conventional breeding. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms to stress tolerance has received considerable scientific scrutiny because of the uniqueness of such processes to plant biology, and also its importance in the campaign "Freedom From Hunger". The main intention of this publication is to provide a state-of-the-art and up-to-date knowledge of recent developments in understanding of plant responses to major abiotic stresses, limitations and the current status of crop improvement. A better insight will help in taking a multidisciplinary approach to address the issues affecting plant development and performance under adverse conditions. I trust this book will act as a platform to excel in the field of stress biology

Heat in U.S. Prisons and Jails

This white paper addresses three important but largely neglected questions: • How will increased temperatures and heat waves caused by climate change affect prisons, jails, and their staff and inmate populations? • What can correctional departments do to prepare for greater heat and minimize the dangers it poses? • What are the legal implications of excessive heat in prisons and jails

Environmental Health

Environmental health practitioners worldwide are frequently presented with issues that require further investigating and acting upon so that exposed populations can be protected from ill-health consequences. These environmental factors can be broadly classified according to their relation to air, water or food contamination. However, there are also work-related, occupational health exposures that need to be considered as a subset of this dynamic academic field. This book presents a review of the current practice and emerging research in the three broadly defined domains, but also provides reference for new emerging technologies, health effects associated with particular exposures and environmental justice issues. The contributing authors themselves display a range of backgrounds and they present a developing as well as a developed world perspective. This book will assist environmental health professionals to develop best practice protocols for monitoring a range of environmental exposure scenarios

Hamdard and Unani: The Contested Terrain of Indo-Muslim Medical Knowledge

This thesis is a historical anthropological study of the Indian branch of herbal pharmaceutical company Hamdard. I examine Hamdards commercial representation of the Indo-Islamic tradition of medicine called Unani, through a document analysis of a variety of company commissioned literature, including marketing pamphlets, conference proceedings, scientific journal articles, newsprint media, educational materials, and print advertisements. Established in 1906, Hamdard emerged and developed during a period of Indian Muslim cultural modernization, Hindu nationalism, and anti-colonial politicization. I analyze the ways in which Hamdard literature contextualizes a narrative of the companys growth within this history, which sets the backdrop for Unanis professional reform in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century India. An emergent theme in my textual analysis, which I address throughout my project, is how Hamdardas an Indian Muslim companynegotiates this identity while articulating belonging in India

In utero and Postnatal Oxycodone Exposure: Implications for Intergenerational Effects

Prescription opioid abuse during and after pregnancy is a rising public health concern. Adding a layer of complexity is the role of heredity in the overall development of these exposed offspring. The present work uses a preclinical rat model mimicking oxycodone (oxy) exposure in utero (IUO) and postnatally (PNO) to investigate comparative and intergenerational effects in the two different exposure groups. To understand the direct effects of IUO and PNO exposure on the F1 generation, we employed a systems biology approach encompassing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), electrophysiology RNA-sequencing, and pain assessment to elucidate molecular and behavioral changes in these offspring. 1H-MRS studies revealed significant changes in brain metabolites that were corroborated with changes in synaptic currents. RNA-sequencing of the prefrontal cortex further revealed alterations in the expression of key genes associated with synaptic transmission, neurodevelopment, mood disorders, and addiction. Von Frey testing showed lower pain thresholds in both oxy-exposed groups. Further, because addictive drugs produce significant and persistent changes in the synapse, we investigated the synaptic vesicle (SV) contents of the PNO and IUO groups. To that end, we found that the expression levels of key SV proteins associated with functional pathways and neurological disease were altered in oxy-exposed groups. While our earlier studies characterized the effects PNO and IUO exposure have on the F1 generation, we next sought to compare the overall development between F1 offspring and their progeny, the F2 generation. We observed significant differences in phenotypic attributes of both generations in each treatment group, and RNA-sequencing of the nucleus accumbens revealed alterations in the expression of key synaptic genes in both generations. Post-validation of these genes using RT-PCR highlighted the differential expression of several neuropeptides associated with the hypocretin system, a system recently implicated in addiction. Further, behavior studies revealed anxiety-like behaviors and social deficits in both treatment groups that persisted into the F2 generation. Collectively, our studies reveal a new line of investigation on the potential risks associated with oxy use during and after pregnancy, specifically the disruption of neurodevelopment and the intergenerational impact on behavior

Study of the South Carolina Department of Corrections

The purpose of this oversight study and investigation is to determine if agency laws and programs within the subject matter jurisdiction of a standing committee: are being implemented and carried out in accordance with the intent of the General Assembly; and should be continued, curtailed, or eliminated

Aboriginal Homelessness in Canada: A Literature Review

This paper presents a comprehensive review of scholarly literature on the topic of Aboriginal Homelessness in Canada. It answers the following four broad inquiry areas through a review and analysis of current (1988-2012), and primarily academic, literature: Inquiry Area #1 - Key Concepts: How are the concepts of ‘homelessness’ and ‘home’ defined, particularly for the Aboriginal population? Is there a unique meaning of homelessness for Aboriginal Peoples? Inquiry Area #2 - Causes: Why are Aboriginal populations (particularly youth, gender minorities, and urban groups) at a disproportionate risk of becoming homeless or over- represented in the Canadian homeless population? Inquiry Area #3 - Experiences: How do Aboriginal Peoples experience homelessness? What is the range of diversity in their lived experiences? Inquiry Area #4 - Action: What has been proposed in the areas of homelessness prevention and solutions for Aboriginal Peoples? What is working? What are some new ways authors are conceptualizing these issues? This literature review also endeavours to highlight gaps and weaknesses that currently exist in the academic literature and suggests future research avenues on this topic. This review is organized around broad themes that emerged throughout the literature which are reflected in the section headings. There is, however, a significant amount of overlap between sections because many subjects and personal experiences are interrelated and complex. This literature review has several target audiences. Since it provides an analysis of scholarly material an academic audience is a primary target. This review may also be of value to policy makers, service providers, politicians and community stakeholders because of its emphasis on solutions and pathways forward. Since it is written in plain language, it is also designed to be accessible to the general population. It is the hope of the reviewer that this document is disseminated as widely as possible, as to draw attention to the national Aboriginal homelessness crisis and hopefully inspire action

The Effects of Resistance Exercise, Resistance Training, and a Multi-Ingredient High Caffeine Pre-Exercise Supplement on the p38 and ERK1/2 Cellular Signaling Proteins.

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) have been implicated in cellular signal transduction leading to cellular growth and differentiation in skeletal muscle following exercise. This dissertation provides a review of the published literature describing the role and actions of the MAPK pathways particularly the ERK1/2 and p38 pathways in response to exercise and to nutritional supplements. Two separate but related investigations were conducted. The first sought to elucidate the effect of various permutations of acute resistance exercise programming using a high concentric velocity (high power) back squat exercise on the mitogen activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38. The second investigation examined the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with and without a multi-ingredient caffeinated pre-workout supplement on the same two MAPK pathways (p38 and ERK1/2), and other performance variables. Taken together these two studies show the response of ERK1/2 and p38 to resistance exercise programing variables and resistance exercise training status. This information taken in light of the previous research has significant implications for strength and conditioning coaches, trainers, and therapists who are seeking to increase muscular strength and hypertrophy for any number of reasons. RESEARCH ABSTRACT FOR STUDY 1 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three different high power back squat protocols and the associated muscular power production on the MAPKs, ERK1/2 and p38. Power fatigue across sets was also considered METHODS: Nine recreationally trained males (21.4±1.67 years, 202.9±21.4 lbs.), completed each of three speed squat protocols in randomized order. The three testing protocols consisted of 5 sets of 10 repetitions at 30% of 1RM; 5 sets of 5 repetitions at 70% of 1RM; and 5 sets of 3 repetitions at 90% of 1RM. Average and peak power measurements were obtained by Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer for 7 of the subjects. Resting and post exercise blood lactate and muscle biopsies were taken. Western blot analysis was completed for ERK1/2 and p38 as well as their phosphorylaed counterparts. RESULTS: Blood lactate increased similarly between the three testing protocols. Analysis of power measures identified a significant main effect for load (F=10.23, p= 0.004), but not for set, p >0.05). The average power was lower for the 90% protocol than for the 30% protocol (F= 28.96, p0.05). The average power was lower for the 90% protocol than for the 30% protocol (F= 28.96, p(2,16) = 5.514, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance load appears to affect power fatigue across five sets of resistance exercise. The heaviest load had the highest power fatigue, while the light and moderate loads did not show any evidence of power fatigue. The exercise modality, training status of the subjects, and/or the timing may account for the limited MAPK response to resistance exercise in this study. RESEARCH ABSTRACT FOR STUDY 2 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the acute and training effects with and without a multi-ingredient high caffeine pre-workout supplement on squat and bench press power, vertical jump, and the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (ERK1/2 and p38). METHODS: Twenty four of thirty physically active collegiate (19.5±0.269 yr) males completed this double blind placebo controlled investigation. Subjects in the Experimental group (EXP) (n=14) consumed a multi-ingredient, high caffeine (450mg) pre-exercise supplement 10-15 minutes before each training session. Subjects in the Control group (CON) (n=10) drank a non-caloric placebo at the same times. Both groups completed an eight week resistance training program (3days/wk). Squat and bench press power and vertical jump were measured before and after the 8 weeks of resistance training. Muscle biopsies were also taken before and after the first and last workouts of the training program. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were performed to test for differences between EXP and CON groups for power as well as total, phosphorylated and the relative ratio of phosphorylated to total ERK1/2 and p38. RESULTS: Squat power measurements showed a significant group by time interaction (F(1/22) =4.857, p=0.038). Vertical Jump and bench press power did increase with training, but did not differ between groups. Not only did ERK phosphorylation and the ratio of phophorylation increase after exercise (F (1,22) = 4.854, p = 0.38; F(1,22) = 5.159, p=0.033) but there was evidence that the ERK1/2 exercise response was is reduced after weeks of training (F(1,22) = 6.607, p=0.017). P38 was increased following training, but there was no effect of exercise bout on the phosphorylation on p38 in this study. DISCUSSION: Only one of the three power measurements, squat power, was benefited by the supplementation. EXP group than the CON group, the supplement did not affect any ERK1/2 or p38 measures. Eight weeks of pre-workout supplementation may provide some muscle performance benefit when combined with resistance exercise training. This study supports previous findings that ERK1/2 phosphorylation following exercise is blunted by exercise training