Transaksi Jual Beli On-Line (Instagram) dengan Akad Salam

In this modern muamalah transaction new technological developments emerged, online buying and selling can be done through social media. Because of the influence of these technologies, it is considered important to examine further the practice of buying and selling on line and the validity of the contract. This is descriptive legal research, data collection is done by reviewing the literature on online buying and selling then analyzed by examining data, data classification and data analysis. His research results illustrate: the practice of buying and selling online through social media was carried out initially opening social media profiles, followed by looking at the products offered 2) Online buying and selling is permissible, harmonious and the terms of buying and selling online do not conflict with harmony and conditions in the legal system of Islamic engagement. 3) Online sale and purchase of greetings in accordance with the MUI DSN Fatwa No. 05 / DSN-MUI / IV / 2000 concerning Sale and Purchase Salam, because the contract does not violate existing Shari\u27a rules, so that in the future the existence of the Fatwa must be recognized and implemented in this modern economic activity

TiDeH: Time-Dependent Hawkes Process for Predicting Retweet Dynamics

Online social networking services allow their users to post content in the form of text, images or videos. The main mechanism driving content diffusion is the possibility for users to re-share the content posted by their social connections, which may then cascade across the system. A fundamental problem when studying information cascades is the possibility to develop sound mathematical models, whose parameters can be calibrated on empirical data, in order to predict the future course of a cascade after a window of observation. In this paper, we focus on Twitter and, in particular, on the temporal patterns of retweet activity for an original tweet. We model the system by Time-Dependent Hawkes process (TiDeH), which properly takes into account the circadian nature of the users and the aging of information. The input of the prediction model are observed retweet times and structural information about the underlying social network. We develop a procedure for parameter optimization and for predicting the future profiles of retweet activity at different time resolutions. We validate our methodology on a large corpus of Twitter data and demonstrate its systematic improvement over existing approaches in all the time regimes.Comment: The manuscript has been accepted in the 10th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2016

Written Evidence Submitted to the House of Commons-Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee’s Inquiry on Fake News

Executive Summary This submission provides evidence on four aspects: 1. What do we know about fake news, fake profiles/accounts, and fake attention on social media? 2. What are the causes of fake news, political bots and fake social media accounts? 3. What are the problems and impacts of fake news, political bots and fake accounts? 4. What can be done against fake news culture? This submission gives special attention to the role of online advertising in fake news culture. (§§1.1-1.16) Reports, research and analyses suggest that fake news, automated social media bots that post content online and fake online attention, as well as fake profiles play a significant role in political communication on social media. (§§2.1-2.6) The proliferation of fake news, political bots and fake accounts on social media has interacting economic, political and ideological causes. There are no technological fixes to the problems associated with fake news. (§§3.1-3.5) There are a number of potential problems associated with fake news, political bots and fake accounts that can limit and negatively impact the public sphere: the undermining of human communication’s validity claims; threats to democracy; one-dimensional, instrumental, highly polarised and symbolically/communicatively violent politics; spirals of intensifying political aggression and violence. (§§4.1-4.12) There is a number of feasible measures that can be taken in order to challenge fake news culture. These include: Outlawing targeted and behavioural political online advertising, the substitution of algorithmic activity by paid human work of fact-checkers and knowledge professionals, the legal requirement to introduce a fake news alert button, providing support to new types of online platforms and new formats that decelerate news and political communication and act as slow media, the advancement of and support for public service Internet platforms, giving the BBC an important role in advancing public service Internet platforms that foster advertising-free political debate that challenges fake news, the introduction of an online advertising tax on all ads targeted at users accessing the Internet in the UK in order to provide a resource base for funding public service and alternative Internet platforms that foster a new culture of political debate

Self-concept, social media and body related issues

The media/body image relationship has been studied extensively for the better part of a decade. However, with the rise of social media in the last five years, it is necessary to consider body image variables in the context of social media. The relationships between self-concept clarity, social comparison and social physique anxiety have not been extensively examined in relation to adolescent female body image. Some of these factors have been examined intensively in relation to body image, however there has been little exploration into the impact of individual difference variables such as the self-concept and how this may influence body image in adolescent girls as well as how it may influence self-presentation online (Campbell, Trapnell, Heine, Katz & Lavallee, 1996, Krayer, Ingledew & Iphofen, 2008 & Vartanian, 2009). A group of 12 adolescent girls participated in this research. Data was collected over a 16-week period, with questionnaires being administered online through direct links between two social media sites. The questionnaires consisted of demographic information, and were assessing Instagram activity, self-concept clarity, social comparison, social physique anxiety. A content analysis followed the questionnaire phase and examined the online profile content of participants in terms of photo composition, features, makeup, clothing and feedback. All measures were psychometrically evaluated and generated respectable levels of internal consistency and reliability. Correlational analyses established relationships between self-concept clarity and impression management, and between self-concept clarity, self-enhancement and self-deception. This suggested that a higher level of self-concept clarity among adolescent females corresponded to a greater sense of entitlement and narcissistic behaviour on their online profiles. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed

Undergraduate Admissions Decisions of Selective Institutions: The Impact of Social Media Information

This causal comparative study examines the impact of decisions made by college admissions personnel at colleges and universities ranked as Highly Competitive, Highly Competitive Plus, Most Competitive, Very Competitive, and Very Competitive Plus by Barron’s Profiles of American Colleges (2018). Admissions representatives were asked to evaluate social media content of hypothetical applicants to their institution then complete a trait inference task based on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false recognition paradigm. A total of 413 institutions were invited to participate in the online activity to establish the effect of online impression formation by admissions personnel and its impact on admissions decisions. The survey was completed by 44 institutional admissions representatives (n = 44). Admissions decisions results were then compared for effects of the treatment utilizing two one-way ANOVAs. A Welch’s t-test was then utilized to compare decisions between institutions with a self-reported policy regarding inclusion of social media in admissions decisions and those without such a policy in place. Results found significance on the false recognition paradigm, but not on admissions decisions based on the social media posts nor when institutions were classified by the presence of an institutional policy regarding its use in the admissions process. Thus, it was determined this sample of admissions personnel made spontaneous trait inferences from social media posts of hypothetical applicants. Suggestions for future research are included

Australian media's use of Facebook postings to report events of national interest

Online social networking sites such as Facebook have grown exponentially in recent times, yet little research has examined how the mainstream news media use the information available on these sites. This study explores how the Australian media used the social networking site Facebook in reporting three different news events: the disappearance of Australian backpacker Britt Lapthorne; the death of 4-year-old Darcey Freeman; and the devastating \u27Black Saturday\u27 Victorian bushfires. Sixty-four articles from Australian newspapers were identified pertaining to these three case studies within a seven month period from August 2008 to February 2009. An inductive thematic approach was used to identify the way in which information from Facebook was utilised by journalists within these news stories. Three main methods of utilising information from Facebook were established: the reporting of group activity to gather information, discuss developments, and gauge general public sentiment; the use of profiles to report the lives of newsworthy individuals via their postings; and responses via Facebook groups and profiles of the specific reaction of families, friends and the general public to an event. The rise of social networking presents new challenges for journalists in relation to how they use information ethically and responsibly, and the privacy implications associated with media reporting of postings on social networking sites are discussed

Social Media, Personality, and Leadership as Predictors of Job Performance

A thorough assessment of privacy concerns, reviewer bias, and applicant computer familiarity informs this longitudinal study incorporating features derived from social media, personality, leadership, traditional selection methodology, and objective measures of employee performance to build an empirical foundation for future research. To date, limited research has embarked upon an in-depth examination of the organizational implications of using social media data to assess job applicants. This dissertation addresses the question of whether social media data matters in the practical context of talent selection. I begin with a review of pertinent online communication theories, including media richness, cues filtered out, and social information processing theories before applying their concepts to social media. I review accumulated evidence that signals from social media use can predict personality and explore less-studied links between social media and full leadership behavior, with a focus on transformational leadership. The review also integrates privacy behavior. A survey covering personality, leadership, and privacy behavior, was completed by 107 call center agents who were subsequently invited to share their public Facebook profile. Of those, 48 volunteered to share quantitative and qualitative data from their public profile. A group of trained raters further coded profiles. The participants\u27 employer also provided performance and retention data. This study found mixed support for previously reported links between social media use and personality. An interaction of conscientiousness and computer skills predicted privacy skills and profile completeness, such that participants either high in both or low in both were more likely to have higher self-rated privacy skills and completed social media profiles. Raters were easily able to deduce demographic information from social media profiles, including gender, age, and ethnicity. Worryingly, evidence of bias in pass rates was detected based on raters\u27 hire vs no-hire recommendations, though the degree of bias varied by pass rate threshold. Finally, the various predictors were combined alongside scores from participants\u27 original pre-hire selection assessments to determine whether there was incremental value in including them as part of a holistic selection process. Some support was found for the incremental utility of the entire battery, as personality, social media activity, human ratings of social media profiles, and self-reported transformational leadership behavior uniquely contributed to a Cox regression model predicting retention. Support for the battery approach was much weaker when predicting efficiency (average handle time) as only transformational leadership provided statistically significant predictiveness beyond the pre-hire assessment. Altogether, this dissertation underscores the importance of relying on defensible selection methods to predict retention and performance outcomes. If social media is used in screening, it is best done in the context of other selection methods and should be based on computer-based automated screening rather than individual human ratings to reduce bias. This dissertation demonstrates that social media and leadership can add incremental prediction to selection decisions for entry-level jobs and makes recommendations for further research

Success in Challenging Times: Generating Social Capital [Summary Report]

Prompted by findings from the 2012 Kingston Smith funded national survey, Success in challenging times: Key lessons for UK SMEs, this new study focuses on the ways in which SMEs use and benefit from social capital is created through both offline activities such as networking events, and online activities including social media use. Offline and online networking activities are not mutually exclusive alternatives for SMEs. Successful SMEs network with a number of different communities, integrating a combination of both offline and online methods. SMEs’ websites are crucial and need to be optimised to improve search engine positioning. Social media sites, such as Facebook and LinkedIn are used widely to both showcase the business and build relationships with customers, but are not considered a substitute for face-to-face networking. The most popular reason for SMEs using social media is to develop their business image or to market products. The fast, easy and low cost access to people and businesses provided by Web 2.0 and social media helps them do this better. Online networking can enable SMEs to overcome the drawbacks of traditional face-to-face contact, such as limited numbers and diversity, and the associated high costs. SMEs that proactively engage with social media can systematically raise their profiles to successfully compete with larger organisations. Few SMEs claim to be experts in social media use. IT and social media are regarded as necessary evils and SMEs consider that there is no choice other than to engage very proactively in these areas. However, there is a need to manage this engagement strategically, along with traditional networking, to avoid a disproportionate amount of resource being dedicated to this area. Face-to-face (offline) networking events remain the most important form of all types of SME networking with roughly two thirds of SMEs devoting one to six hours per week to this activity. In general, locally oriented SMEs without a scalable business offering prefer face-to-face networking events, whereas globally oriented non-scalable SMEs put significant effort into social media. Networks included customers, associates and former employees who had moved on to become independent contractors. Networking is about making contacts, outside the SME, who can offer feedback or advice or be used to outsource work. These networks are regarded as a ‘community of people’ who might join in with a new business proposal or be used to provide external expertise. The methods SMEs use to increase social capital, must be fit for purpose and appropriate to their business model. Social media are complementary to, rather than a substitute for, traditional networking and events. The challenge facing SMEs is how best to integrate their online and offline activities to complement their business and generate social capital