5,933 research outputs found
Tahap penguasaan, sikap dan minat pelajar Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA terhadap mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggeris
Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti tahap penguasaan, sikap dan minat pelajar
Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi Mara Sri Gading terhadap Bahasa Inggeris. Kajian yang
dijalankan ini berbentuk deskriptif atau lebih dikenali sebagai kaedah tinjauan. Seramai
325 orang pelajar Diploma in Construction Technology dari Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi
Mara di daerah Batu Pahat telah dipilih sebagai sampel dalam kajian ini. Data yang
diperoleh melalui instrument soal selidik telah dianalisis untuk mendapatkan
pengukuran min, sisihan piawai, dan Pekali Korelasi Pearson untuk melihat hubungan
hasil dapatan data. Manakala, frekuensi dan peratusan digunakan bagi mengukur
penguasaan pelajar. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap penguasaan
Bahasa Inggeris pelajar adalah berada pada tahap sederhana manakala faktor utama yang
mempengaruhi penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris tersebut adalah minat diikuti oleh sikap.
Hasil dapatan menggunakan pekali Korelasi Pearson juga menunjukkan bahawa terdapat
hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dengan penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris dan antara
minat dengan penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa semakin positif
sikap dan minat pelajar terhadap pengajaran dan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggeris semakin
tinggi pencapaian mereka. Hasil daripada kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pelajar
dalam meningkatkan penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris dengan memupuk sikap positif dalam
diri serta meningkatkan minat mereka terhadap Bahasa Inggeris dengan lebih baik. Oleh
itu, diharap kajian ini dapat memberi panduan kepada pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam
membuat kajian yang akan datang
A minimalistic approach to appearance-based visual SLAM
This paper presents a vision-based approach to SLAM in indoor / outdoor environments with minimalistic sensing and computational requirements. The approach is based on a graph representation of robot poses, using a relaxation algorithm to obtain a globally consistent map. Each link corresponds to a
relative measurement of the spatial relation between the two nodes it connects. The links describe the likelihood distribution of the relative pose as a Gaussian distribution. To estimate the covariance matrix for links obtained from an omni-directional vision sensor, a novel method is introduced based on the relative similarity of neighbouring images. This new method does not require determining distances to image features using multiple
view geometry, for example. Combined indoor and outdoor experiments demonstrate that the approach can handle qualitatively different environments (without modification of the parameters), that it can cope with violations of the “flat floor assumption” to some degree, and that it scales well with increasing size of the environment, producing topologically correct and geometrically accurate maps at low computational cost. Further experiments demonstrate that the approach is also suitable for combining multiple overlapping maps, e.g. for solving the multi-robot SLAM problem with unknown initial poses
An Effective Multi-Cue Positioning System for Agricultural Robotics
The self-localization capability is a crucial component for Unmanned Ground
Vehicles (UGV) in farming applications. Approaches based solely on visual cues
or on low-cost GPS are easily prone to fail in such scenarios. In this paper,
we present a robust and accurate 3D global pose estimation framework, designed
to take full advantage of heterogeneous sensory data. By modeling the pose
estimation problem as a pose graph optimization, our approach simultaneously
mitigates the cumulative drift introduced by motion estimation systems (wheel
odometry, visual odometry, ...), and the noise introduced by raw GPS readings.
Along with a suitable motion model, our system also integrates two additional
types of constraints: (i) a Digital Elevation Model and (ii) a Markov Random
Field assumption. We demonstrate how using these additional cues substantially
reduces the error along the altitude axis and, moreover, how this benefit
spreads to the other components of the state. We report exhaustive experiments
combining several sensor setups, showing accuracy improvements ranging from 37%
to 76% with respect to the exclusive use of a GPS sensor. We show that our
approach provides accurate results even if the GPS unexpectedly changes
positioning mode. The code of our system along with the acquired datasets are
released with this paper.Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters,
201
3D Visual Perception for Self-Driving Cars using a Multi-Camera System: Calibration, Mapping, Localization, and Obstacle Detection
Cameras are a crucial exteroceptive sensor for self-driving cars as they are
low-cost and small, provide appearance information about the environment, and
work in various weather conditions. They can be used for multiple purposes such
as visual navigation and obstacle detection. We can use a surround multi-camera
system to cover the full 360-degree field-of-view around the car. In this way,
we avoid blind spots which can otherwise lead to accidents. To minimize the
number of cameras needed for surround perception, we utilize fisheye cameras.
Consequently, standard vision pipelines for 3D mapping, visual localization,
obstacle detection, etc. need to be adapted to take full advantage of the
availability of multiple cameras rather than treat each camera individually. In
addition, processing of fisheye images has to be supported. In this paper, we
describe the camera calibration and subsequent processing pipeline for
multi-fisheye-camera systems developed as part of the V-Charge project. This
project seeks to enable automated valet parking for self-driving cars. Our
pipeline is able to precisely calibrate multi-camera systems, build sparse 3D
maps for visual navigation, visually localize the car with respect to these
maps, generate accurate dense maps, as well as detect obstacles based on
real-time depth map extraction
MOMA: Visual Mobile Marker Odometry
In this paper, we present a cooperative odometry scheme based on the
detection of mobile markers in line with the idea of cooperative positioning
for multiple robots [1]. To this end, we introduce a simple optimization scheme
that realizes visual mobile marker odometry via accurate fixed marker-based
camera positioning and analyse the characteristics of errors inherent to the
method compared to classical fixed marker-based navigation and visual odometry.
In addition, we provide a specific UAV-UGV configuration that allows for
continuous movements of the UAV without doing stops and a minimal
caterpillar-like configuration that works with one UGV alone. Finally, we
present a real-world implementation and evaluation for the proposed UAV-UGV
configuration
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