Observing flow using fast neutron radiography and positron emission particle tracking

Dynamic flow of material has been studied using fast neutron radiography (FNR) and positron emission particle tracking (PEPT). A new fast neutron imaging system was commissioned at The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pretoria, as part of this study, although FNR measurements were ultimately performed at PhysikalischTechnische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig. The PEPT studies were undertaken at the PEPT Cape Town facility located at iThemba LABS, Cape Town. The steady state motion of media, within a laboratory-scale tumbling mill, was studied for a range of speed and media mixes, using both FNR and PEPT. Several operational parameters were derived from the data, which could be related to potential improvements to the milling efficiency. The blending of FNR and PEPT data for the study of steady state flow, was explored for the first time. In addition, the flow of water through porous media was studied using FNR, which enabled the determination of the hydraulic conductivity, and hence intrinsic permeability, of the media within the column. The potential of using FNR, without or without PEPT, for the study of material in motion is discussed

The Italian contribution to the construction of the linac for the European spallation source

AbstractThe European spallation source (ESS) uses a linear accelerator (linac) to deliver the high intensity proton beam to the target station for producing intense beams of neutrons. At the exit of the linac, the proton beam will have 2 GeV energy and 62.5 mA current. The construction of an accelerator with the contribution of different laboratories is not a new concept but so far the laboratories were controlled by the same government (e.g. in USA and Japan) or they delivered components for an intergovernmental institution like CERN. The European Spallation Source is a research facility that gathers 40 active in-kind (IK) contributors from 13 States, even outside the European Union, so its construction is not only a technical and scientific challenge, but also an economic, political and social experiment. The case of the Italian contribution is interesting because of the structure of Italian industrial ecosystem, mostly based on small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), which may be unsuitable for the case of a research infrastructure which construction requires a high level of R&D investments. Conversely, the well-known flexibility of SME to adapt to the requirements have balanced the weakness and the results are satisfactory. Following the overview of the Linac design, the paper will focus on the key issues of the Italian contribution, the state of the project (73% completion up to now) along with the point of view of the ESS management and the lesson learnt; the major outcomes for the economy and society will complete the discussion

Cosmic Ray Origin, Acceleration and Propagation

This paper summarizes highlights of the OG3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 sessions of the XXVIth International Cosmic Ray Conference in Salt Lake City, which were devoted to issues of origin/composition, acceleration and propagation.Comment: To appear in the Summary-Rapporteur Volume of the 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ed. B. L. Dingus (AIP, New York, 2000). Latex, 16 pages, no figures (Minor correction to text

Final report of the EURISOL Design Study (2005-2009) A Design Study for a European Isotope-Separation-On-Line Radioactive Ion Beam Facility

European Commission Contract N°515768 RIDS Published by GANI