494 research outputs found

    Virtual Cell Layout Based Dynamic Source Routing (vb-dsr) For The Mobile Subsystem Of The Next Generation Tactical Communications Systems

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    Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2002Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2002Telsiz ağlar, 1970’lerde ortaya çıkışlarından itibaren bilgisayar endüstrisinde çok yaygınlaşmıştır. Telsiz ağlar gezgin kullanıcılara nerede olduklarına bağlı olmadan heryerde iletişim kurma ve bilgiye erişim imkanı sağlar. Hiçbir sabit altyapıya gerek duymadan bu imkanı sağlayan ad hoc ağların zaman içinde gelişmesiyle ve askeri, ticari ve özel maksatlar için tercih edilir hale gelmesiyle, uygulamada bazı zorluklar başgöstermiştir. Çalışmamızda, bu zorlukları ve ad hoc ağlardan beklenenleri dikkate alarak Sanal Hücre Kalıbı (SHK) tabanlı Dinamik Kaynak Yol Atama (DKYA) yaklaşımını bir çözüm olarak sunuyoruz. SHK, etkili bir özkaynak yönetimi ve ağ ölçeklenebilirliği sağlayan çok-katmanlı öbek-yapılı bir yaklaşımdır. Biz SHK yapısının üzerine Dinamik Kaynak Yolatama protokolunu uyguladık. Sunduğumuz yaklaşım, SHK yapılı DKYA, iki düzeyli hiyerarşik öbek yapılı bir sistemdir. SHK yaklaşımında önerilen benzetim yaklaşımını geliştiriyoruz ve taktik iletişimlerin başarımlarının değerlendirmesinde bu benzetim yaklaşımını kullanıyoruz. Bu yöntemde, önceden gerçekleştirilen bilgisayar destekli askeri tatbikatlarda girilen emirleri, çok sayıdaki birliğe ait hareket, görev ve durum gibi verileri toplayan bir yapıcı (muharebe) model kullanarak tekrar işlemekteyiz. Daha sonra toplanan bu veriler daha da detaylandırılarak, başarı ölçütlerimize ait değerleri üreten benzetim kullanılmaktadır. Sistemi değerlendiren başarım ölçütleri, SHK-tabanlı DKYA’nın gezgin ad hoc ağlardan beklenenleri sağladığını göstermektedir.Wireless networks have become very popular in the computing industry after their emergence in the 1970’s. Wireless networks provide mobile user with ubiquitous communication capability and information access regardless of location. Mobile ad hoc networks, that manage it without a need to infrastructure networks, as evolved in time, exhibit some challenges to implement as they become more preferable for military, commercial and special purposes. By considering the challenges and expectations of mobile ad hoc networks, we propose an approach called VCL based DSR (VB-DSR), which uses Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol over Virtual Cell Layout (VCL) structure. VCL is a multi-tier cluster-based approach that provides an efficient resource management and network scalability. We implemented Dynamic Source Routing protocol over VCL structure. Proposed approach, VB-DSR, is a cluster-based two level hierarchical scheme. We also enhance the simulation approach proposed by VCL structure, and use it for the evaluation of tactical communication systems. In this approach, the commands entered during the military computer aided exercises are replayed by running a constructive (combat) model which generates mobility, posture and status data for a number of units, then these data are enhanced and drive a simulation which produces the data related to the performance metrics. The evaluated performance of the system shows that VB-DSR approach satisfies the requirements of mobile ad hoc networks.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

    Enhancing Cooperation in MANET Using the Backbone Group Model (An Application of Maximum Coverage Problem)

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    AbstractMANET is a cooperative network in which every node is responsible for routing and forwarding as a result consumes more battery power and bandwidth. In order to save itself in terms of battery power and bandwidth noncooperation is genuine. Cooperation can be enhanced on the basis of reduction in resource consumption by involving a limited number of nodes in routing activities rather than all. To get accurate selection of nodes to define a backbone several works have been proposed in the literature. These works define a backbone with impractical assumptions that is not feasible for MANET. In this paper we have presented the Backbone Group (BG) model, which involve the minimum number of nodes called BG in routing activities instead of all. A BG is a minimal set of nodes that efficiently connects the network. We have divided a MANET in terms of the single hop neighborhood called locality group (LG). In a LG we have a cluster head (CH), a set of regular nodes (RNs) and one or more border nodes (BNs). The CHs are responsible for the creation and management of LG and BG. The CHs use a BG for a threshold time then switches to another BG, to involve all nodes in network participation. The proposed model shows its effectiveness in terms of reduction in routing overhead up to a ratio (n2: n2/k) where k is the number of LGs

    Efficient Routing for Wireless Mesh Networks Using a Backup Path

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    Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has a proven record in providing viable solutions for some of the fundamental issues in wireless networks such as capacity and range limitations. WMN infrastructure includes clusters of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) connected through a fixed backbone of mesh routers. The mesh network can be constrained severely due to various reasons, which could result in performance degradation such as a drop in throughput or long delays. Solutions to this problem often focus on multipath or multichannel extensions to the existing ad- hoc routing protocols. In this paper, we propose a novel solution by introducing an alternative path to the mesh backbone that traverses the MANET part of the WMN. The new routing solution allows the Mobile Nodes (MNs) to establish direct communication among peers without going through the backbone. The proposed alternative ad-hoc path is used only when the mesh backbone is severely constrained. We also propose, for the first time in WMNs, using MNs with two interfaces, one used in the mesh backbone communication and the other engaged in the ad-hoc network. A scheme is presented for making the MN aware of link quality measures by providing throughput values to the AODV protocol. We use piggybacking on route reply messages in AODV to avoid incurring additional costs. We implemented our solution in an OPNET simulator and evaluated its performance under a variety of conditions. Simulation results show that the alternative ad-hoc path provides higher throughput and lower delays. Delay analysis show that the throughput improvement does not impose additional costs

    Energy Efficient Design of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

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    The concept of wireless is not new. When the packet switching technology, the fabric of the Internet was introduced by the Department of Defense, the ARPANET ,it understood the potential of packet switched radio technology to interconnect mobile nodes .The DARPA around early 70’s helped establish the base of ad hoc wireless networking. This is a technology that enables untethered wireless networking environments where there is no wired or cellular infrastructure. Wireless Ad hoc Networks since then is a fast developing research area with a vast spectrum of applications. Wireless sensor network systems enable the reliable monitoring of a variety of environments for both civil and military applications. The Energy efficiency continues to be a key factor in limiting the deployability of ad-hoc networks. Deploying an energy efficient system exploiting the maximum lifetime of the network has remained a great challenge since years. The time period from the instant at which the network starts functioning to the time instant at which the first network node runs out of energy, i.e. the network lifetime is largely dependent on the system energy efficiency. This thesis looks at energy efficient protocols, which can have significant impact on the lifetime of these networks. The cluster heads get drain out maximum energy in the wireless ad hoc networks. The proposed algorithm deals with minimizing the rate of dissipation of energy of cluster heads. The algorithm LEAD deals with energy efficient round scheduling of cluster head followed by allocation of nodes to the cluster heads maximizing network lifetime using ANDA

    Performance Optimization in Wireless Local Area Networks

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    Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) are becoming more and more important for providing wireless broadband access. Applications and networking scenarios evolve continuously and in an unpredictable way, attracting the attention of academic institutions, research centers and industry. For designing an e cient WLAN is necessary to carefully plan coverage and to optimize the network design parameters, such as AP locations, channel assignment, power allocation, MAC protocol, routing algorithm, etc... In this thesis we approach performance optimization in WLAN at di erent layer of the OSI model. Our rst approach is at Network layer. Starting from a Hybrid System modeling the ow of tra c in the network, we propose a Hybrid Linear Varying Parameter algorithm for identifying the link quality that could be used as metric in routing algorithms. Go down to Data Link, it is well known that CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) protocols exhibit very poor performance in case of multi-hop transmissions, because of inter-link interference due to imperfect carrier sensing. We propose two novel algorithms, that are combining Time Division Multiple Access for grouping contending nodes in non-interfering sets with Carrier Sense Multiple Access for managing the channel access behind a set. In the rst solution, a game theoretical study of intra slot contention is introduced, in the second solution we apply an optimization algorithm to nd the optimal degree between contention and scheduling. Both the presented solutions improve the network performance with respect to CSMA and TDMA algorithms. Finally we analyze the network performance at Physical Layer. In case of WLAN, we can only use three orthogonal channels in an unlicensed spectrum, so the frequency assignments should be subject to frequent adjustments, according to the time-varying amount of interference which is not under the control of the provider. This problem make necessary the introduction of an automatic network planning solution, since a network administrator cannot continuously monitor and correct the interference conditions su ered in the network. We propose a novel protocol based on a distributed machine learning mechanism in which the nodes choose, automatically and autonomously in each time slot, the optimal channel for transmitting through a weighted combination of protocols

    Ad-hoc wireless networking for supporting on-site communication

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    Ad-hoc networks are self-organized wireless networks. They have the potential to be widely used in emergency salvation, construction sites, and military fields. However, the research about the efficient usage of ad-hoc networking in engineering applications is still limited. In this research, a new approach for investigating problems related to deploying ad-hoc wireless networks for supporting on-site communication and collaboration is proposed. Several modes of communication which are common in on-site applications are considered including location information, text messaging, voice and video communications, and file transmission. A prototype system is implemented for testing these modes based on available ad-hoc network protocols and using mobile devices. In addition, in order to verify our proposed approach, several tests are designed and implemented to demonstrate the usefulness of the prototype system. The results from the tests showed that our prototype system is applicable for ad-hoc wireless networks. Furthermore, a new protocol based on clustering to improve data accessibility in ad-hoc networks is tested using a simulation tool to study its performance under different scenarios. The simulation results showed the impact of the area size, wireless range, number of nodes, and node speed on data accessibility

    Minimum Power Configuration for Wireless Communication in Sensor Networks

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    This paper proposes the Minimum Power Configuration (MPC) approach to power management in wireless sensor networks. In contrast to earlier research that treats different radio states (transmission/reception/idle) in isolation, MPC integrates them in a joint optimization problem that depends on both the set of active nodes and the transmission power. We propose four approximation algorithms with provable performance bounds and two practical routing protocols. Simulations based on realistic radio models show that the MPC approach can conserve more energy than existing minimum power routing and topology control protocols. Furthermore, it can flexibly adapt to network workload and radio platforms

    Effective bootstrapping of Peer-to Peer networks over Mobile Ad-hoc networks

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    Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are vigorous, revolutionary communication technologies in the 21st century. They lead the trend of decentralization. Decentralization will ultimately win clients over client/server model, because it gives ordinary network users more control, and stimulates their active participation. It is a determinant factor in shaping the future of networking. MANETs and P2P networks are very similar in nature. Both are dynamic, distributed. Both use multi-hop broadcast or multicast as major pattern of traffic. Both set up connection by self-organizing and maintain connection by self-healing. Embodying the slogan networking without networks, both abandoned traditional client/server model and disclaimed pre-existing infrastructure. However, their status quo levels of real world application are widely divergent. P2P networks are now accountable for about 50 ~ 70% internet traffic, while MANETs are still primarily in the laboratory. The interesting and confusing phenomenon has sparked considerable research effort to transplant successful approaches from P2P networks into MANETs. While most research in the synergy of P2P networks and MANETs focuses on routing, the network bootstrapping problem remains indispensable for any such transplantation to be realized. The most pivotal problems in bootstrapping are: (1) automatic configuration of nodes addresses and IDs, (2) topology discovery and transformation in different layers and name spaces. In this dissertation research, we have found novel solutions for these problems. The contributions of this dissertation are: (1) a non-IP, flat address automatic configuration scheme, which integrates lower layer addresses and P2P IDs in application layer and makes simple cryptographical assignment possible. A related paper entitled Pastry over Ad-Hoc Networks with Automatic Flat Address Configuration was submitted to Elsevier Journal of Ad Hoc Networks in May. (2) an effective ring topology construction algorithm which builds perfect ring in P2P ID space using only simplest multi-hop unicast or multicast. Upon this ring, popular structured P2P networks like Chord, Pastry could be built with great ease. A related paper entitled Chord Bootstrapping on MANETs - All Roads lead to Rome will be ready for submission after defense of the dissertation
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