A type preserving translation of F ickle into Java

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Run-time Variability with First-class Contexts

Software must be regularly updated to keep up with changing requirements. Unfortunately, to install an update, the system must usually be restarted, which is inconvenient and costly. In this dissertation, we aim at overcoming the need for restart by enabling run-time changes at the programming language level. We argue that the best way to achieve this goal is to improve the support for encapsulation, information hiding and late binding by contextualizing behavior. In our approach, behavioral variations are encapsulated into context objects that alter the behavior of other objects locally. We present three contextual language features that demonstrate our approach. First, we present a feature to evolve software by scoping variations to threads. This way, arbitrary objects can be substituted over time without compromising safety. Second, we present a variant of dynamic proxies that operate by delegation instead of forwarding. The proxies can be used as building blocks to implement contextualization mechanisms from within the language. Third, we contextualize the behavior of objects to intercept exchanges of references between objects. This approach scales information hiding from objects to aggregates. The three language features are supported by formalizations and case studies, showing their soundness and practicality. With these three complementary language features, developers can easily design applications that can accommodate run-time changes

MASPEGHI 2004 Mechanisms for Speialization, Generalization and Inheritance

Rapport de Recherche Projet OCL, N° I3S/RR-2004-15-FRInternational audienceMASPEGHI 2004 is the third edition of the MASPEGHI workshop. This year the organizers of both the ECOOP 2002 Inheritance Workshop and MASPEGHI 2003 came together to enlarge the scope of the workshop and to address new challenges. We succeeded in gathering a diverse group of researchers and practitioners interested in mechanisms for managing specialization and generalization of programming language components. The workshop contained a series of presentations with discussions as well as group work, and the interplay between the more than 22 highly skilled and inspiring people from many different communities gave rise to fruitful discussions and the potential for continued collaboration

Meyd un kale, froy un vayb : the characterisation of the feminine in early eighteenth century Yiddish chapbooks

This thesis is concerned with the behaviour of female characters in four, popular, non-ritualistic Yiddish chapbooks published at the beginning of the eighteenth century: Mayse fun a kale, Mageleyne lid, Mayse man un vayb, and Mayse fun Shloyme hameylekh. Most Yiddish chapbooks from this time do not narrate stories which include women as the main protagonists. However, these four rhymed booklets, published before the influence of either the Enlightenment and Hasidism, do include women as principal characters. The mimetic qualities of these four chapbooks, although obviously distorted in that they are presented from a highly educated male viewpoint, demonstrate a clear perspective on how women should behave, especially those whom the author could reach through his didactic, yet entertaining material. Through an analysis of the four booklets in question, one is able to derive a picture of how women were perceived in early modern Ashkenaz. It is also possible to draw a much smoother line of influence in the characterisation of the feminine from pre-modern Yiddish literature to modern Yiddish than drawn before now. Three specific questions are addressed in the thesis. The first of these concerns the dynamics in the relationships between men and women. How are relationships defined and prescribed? In light of this male/female dynamic, what is the relationship between gender and power? Finally, what is the cultural construction of gender, the prescriptions for proper behaviour, and how are women portrayed in chapbook literature? Keeping in mind that the mimetic quality of these fictive texts is a reflection of the attitudes of the author, it is the goal here to find the symbolic categories as they are defined in these four texts, and determine their meaning within the context of eighteenth century Ashkenaz. The thesis is presented in three parts. The first part presents introductory matters concerning terminology and orientations presented in the work. It also includes a background survey of the educational possibilities and limitations afforded women prior to the Haskole. The second part of the thesis details the characterisation of the feminine as presented in the texts, followed by the conclusions. Lastly, the texts themselves are presented in three formats: first, a scanned copy — with the discolourations and aging from the title page removed for demonstrative purposes — showing the original typefaces, decoration and publishing quality; the text is then presented in a more modern typeface, retaining however, original spellings; and lastly a translation of each text is included