Social Problems of Tobacco Marketing in Southwestern Nigeria: A Behavioral Study

Tobacco industries has always shown much interest in marketing their line of products and have been very successful in portraying smoking as a socially acceptable behavior to billions of people throughout the world. Studies have shown in developed nations that tobacco marketing leads to the onset of smoking among adolescents; in Nigeria no such study has been done. The purpose of this research is to assess the potential influence of tobacco marketing on tobacco consumption and its effects on the society and among residents in the southwestern region of Nigeria. The survey was designed in which thirty-six items, self-administered questionnaire was administered to six hundred people in southwestern Nigeria using a cross-sectional design. The study involved 436 males (72.7%) and 164 females (27.3%). Of these, 336 came from rural areas and 264 came from urban areas respectively. Some 337 respondents (56.2%), indicated that they were influenced by tobacco marketing to smoke, while 263 (43.8%) indicated that they were not influenced. Chi square statistic was used to test the null hypotheses. The result shows a positive significant relationship that supports the notion that tobacco marketing has a positive influence on tobacco consumption in the study areas. This study also revealed that more males in the urban area are being influenced by tobacco marketing to smoke

Social marketing and healthy eating : Findings from young people in Greece

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12208-013-0112-xGreece has high rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases owing to poor dietary choices. This research provides lessons for social marketing to tackle the severe nutrition-related problems in this country by obtaining insight into the eating behaviour of young adults aged 18–23. Also, the main behavioural theories used to inform the research are critically discussed. The research was conducted in Athens. Nine focus groups with young adults from eight educational institutions were conducted and fifty-nine participants’ views towards eating habits, healthy eating and the factors that affect their food choices were explored. The study found that the participants adopted unhealthier nutritional habits after enrolment. Motivations for healthy eating were good health, appearance and psychological consequences, while barriers included lack of time, fast-food availability and taste, peer pressure, lack of knowledge and lack of family support. Participants reported lack of supportive environments when deciding on food choices. Based on the findings, recommendations about the development of the basic 4Ps of the marketing mix, as well as of a fifth P, for Policy are proposedPeer reviewe

A comparison of circuit training and high intensity interval training for population health

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityIn the fast-paced lifestyle of modern-day society, people often feel overwhelmed by their list of things to do. It is no surprise then that a lot of people claim that they have "no time" to exercise. Two short-duration programs-circuit training and high intensity interval training-seem to be the answer to this issue, and this report investigates each program to see if one is more beneficial than the other in regards to population health. Factors taken into consideration for this comparison include cardiovascular responses, metabolic responses, and psychological factors. Research was gathered through PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and interviews with certified physical trainers to reach an evidence-based conclusion on whether circuit training or high intensity interval training was more beneficial. The Published Data section presents relevant data from the scientific literature in The Effects of Circuits & High Intensity Interval Training on the Cardiovascular System, The Effects of Circuits & High Intensity Interval Training on Body Metabolism, and Psychological Changes Associated with Circuits & High Intensity Interval Training, and is presented by first detailing methodological data, followed by the study's findings. The implications of the results, along with any possible extraneous factors, will be evaluated in the Discussion section

The 60es turnaround as a test on the causal relationship between sociability and happiness

The nexus between relational life and life satisfaction is riddled with endogeneity problems. By investigating the causal relationship going from the first to the second variable we consider that retirement is a shock which increases the time investable in (outside job) relational life. As a consequence we instrument investment in relational goods with the aggregate exogenous age-retirement pattern. With such approach we document that investment in relational life has a positive and significant effect on life satisfaction. Consequences of our findings in terms of retirement effects and age-happiness pattern are also discussed.life satisfaction, relational goods, social capital

Essays on the Impacts of Environment on Uncertainty Attitudes and Consumption Choices

This thesis comprises three essays on the impact of the environment (i.e. objects or conditions which surround people) on uncertainty attitudes. The first chapter reports an online experiment by mimicking screen colours frequently used in asset trading software platforms and evaluates the impact of the graphical interface on decisions in risk and uncertainty. The findings in this chapter provide empirical evidence that people’s judgment in uncertainty depends on factors well beyond the traditional formulation of uncertainty through a set of state-contingent payoffs, and that the impact of these factors demonstrates disassociation between decisions in risk and in ambiguity. The next essay shows that people’s attitudes are sensitive to the inflow of information within their nation (environment). The announcement (a hike of interest rates) although positive and well anticipated, resulted in different reactions to the news. The media coverage prior to and after a monetary policy announcement creates different informed environment which affect people’s aversion to ambiguity and risk. The effect is detectable by controlling for individuals’ exposure to monetary policy news, and by disentangling precise news (after the announcement) and imprecise information (media discussions on change in monetary policy). These effects on individuals’ attitudes are driven by the channels for receiving economic information. The third chapter explores the expectation effects further by investigating the relationship between people’s uncertainty attitudes and their allocation of marginal income to consumption. This essay shows that people increase their marginal allocation to expenses when the associated risk and ambiguity aversion is high. The main results show that the ambiguity aversion explains the increased marginal allocation to household and discretionary expenses and contradicts other theories

Human experience in the natural and built environment : implications for research policy and practice

22nd IAPS conference. Edited book of abstracts. 427 pp. University of Strathclyde, Sheffield and West of Scotland Publication. ISBN: 978-0-94-764988-3

The role of customer experience in building brand loyalty within the service context

Customer experience theory, research, and practice represent an evolving area of study within the marketing discipline. Despite its importance, the customer experience concept remains vague and lacks a thorough theoretical foundation. This study addresses this gap in the literature and examines the antecedents and consequences of customer experience from customer perspectives. The study provides a conceptual framework building from a qualitative study and the existing literature. This article includes a formal test of the framework using a large-scale survey of British customers to examine their experience with resort-hotel brands. The results show price perception, core services, and word-of-mouth have a direct impact on how customers interpret their experiences with resort-hotel brands; perceived service quality plays a mediatory role in the relationship between servicescape, core service, and customer experience. Measuring validation strength of customer experience upon brand loyalty by best fit in combination with cross-sample predictive validity models is a valuable contribution of this study

Behavioral Aspects of Pricing

Buyers sometimes exhibit seemingly “irrational” behavior with respect to prices and use socially embedded heuristics to simplify their purchase decisions. In some cases small changes in prices can lead to much larger than anticipated changes in sales and profitability. Sellers need to understand the heuristics consumers use, the situations in which they emerge, and recognize how they can respond in markets where information and knowledge of product attributes and competitive prices is increasingly available via the Internet. This chapter explores consumers’ behavioral reactions to price through a review of contemporary literature in the field of pricing. The chapter delineates the nature and scope of these effects based upon a critical review of the most up-to-date empirical research in the field, and concludes by providing implications for innovation in pricing, and guidance for managers to reduce the disconnect between themselves and consumers