Fostering Data Literacy Teaching with Quantitative Data in the Social Sciences

Quantitative literacy is an essential twenty-first century skill that universities are heavily invested in teaching to students. The social sciences play an important role in these efforts because they attract students who might otherwise avoid data and mathematically oriented courses and because they ground quantitative reasoning in political and social contexts that resonate with undergraduates. However, pedagogical best practices for social science instructors have been slow to emerge and the support needs of instructors and students remain difficult to discern. Ithaka S+R’s Teaching Support Services program explores the teaching practices and support needs of collegiate instructors. Our most recent project in this program, “Teaching with Data in the Social Sciences,” focused on identifying the instructional goals and practices of instructors in introductory and advanced social science courses and exploring strengths and weaknesses of existing institutional support services. As part of this study, we partnered with librarians from 20 colleges and universities in the United States, who conducted 219 interviews with social science faculty. These interviews form the basis of this report. “Fostering Data Literacy: Teaching with Quantitative Data in the Social Sciences” explores why and how instructors teach with data, identifies the most important challenges they face, and describes how faculty and students utilize relevant campus and external resources. Full details and actionable recommendations for stakeholders are offered in the body of the report, which offers guidance to university libraries and other campus units, faculty, vendors, and others interested in improving institutional capacities to support data-intensive instruction in the social sciences

Advice to Students Considering Graduate Work in English

Drawing on specific case histories from over 50 students who applied to graduate programs in English Literature, Composition, and Writing, this document represents my advice to students applying nationwide to do graduate work in the various subfields of English studies

Citizens of the teaching commons: The rise of SoTL among US professors of the year, 1981-2015

From 1981 to 2015, the US Professors of the Year program recognized 101 college and university teachers as national winners in its annual competition for faculty who demonstrated “extraordinary dedication to undergraduate teaching.” Their dossiers provide a window onto the leading edge of teaching and educational leadership over a critical thirty-five years when innovative faculty nationwide sought to engage a more diverse set of students, enliven the teaching repertoires of their fields, develop new media for instruction, and encourage more active learning in their classrooms and beyond. But that is not all. As the pace of pedagogical change picked up, so too did the level of engagement with colleagues both on and beyond campus on educational issues.  The roster of national winners has always included authors of text-books and other materials, but as time went on, a growing number were also making their approaches to pedagogical problems public through workshops, conference presentations, and publications. Increasingly engaged in the scholarship of teaching and learning, the US Professors of the Year reflect the emergence of a new view of the nature and source of teaching expertise and of what it means to be a “citizen” of the teaching commons

Open innovation development of private colleges in China

Since their large-scale emergence in the 1990s, private colleges in China have achieved significant development along with the transition of Chinese higher education from the elite stage to the universal stage. However, due to institutional deficiencies and resource constraints, private colleges cannot replicate the development model of public colleges and universities. Based on the needs for development and future competition, private colleges have to seek different development paths from public universities in order to break through resource constraints and improve their own development performance. We choose Tianfu College, a private college in China, as a research case, and adopt an inductive qualitative approach and an exploratory case study strategy based on grounded theory, with the development practice of knowledge production as the research subjects. The data is formed through semi-structured interviews, on-site observations, and the collection of secondary data. The research results show that 1) Private colleges in China can achieve good development performance in knowledge production through open innovation strategy. 2) Private colleges in China can adopt resource bricolage to break through resource constraints and achieve open innovation development performance in knowledge production. 3) Top management teams with high achievement needs and high ambiguity tolerance, entrepreneurial oriented organizational culture and organic organization help the private college in China achieve open innovation development performance in knowledge production. Our findings further expand the scope of open innovation research subjects, enrich the content of research on the development model of private colleges, and have positive practical implications for the development of private colleges in China.Desde a sua emergência em larga escala na década de 90 do século passado, as faculdades privadas na China alcançaram, no seu conjunto, um desenvolvimento significativo, que ocorreu juntamente com a transição do ensino superior chinês da fase elitista para a fase de popularização, e depois para a fase de universalização. Contudo, devido a deficiências institucionais e à limitação de recursos, as faculdades privadas não podem replicar o modelo de desenvolvimento das faculdades e universidades públicas. Com base numa necessidade de desenvolvimento realista e de concorrência futura, as faculdades privadas têm de procurar vias de desenvolvimento diferentes, de modo a ultrapassar as limitações de recursos e melhorar o seu próprio desempenho. Escolhemos Tianfu College, uma faculdade privada na China, como caso de investigação, e adotamos uma abordagem qualitativa indutiva e uma estratégia exploratória de estudo de caso baseada na Grounded Theory, sendo o tema de investigação a prática de desenvolvimento da produção de conhecimento. Os resultados da investigação mostram que 1) Um colégio privado na China pode alcançar um bom desempenho de desenvolvimento na produção de conhecimento através de uma estratégia de inovação aberta. 2) Um colégio privado na China pode adotar uma abordagem da bricolagem de recursos para quebrar as restrições de recursos e obter um desempenho de desenvolvimento de inovação aberta na produção de conhecimento. 3) Uma equipa de gestão de topo com elevada necessidade de concretização e elevada tolerância à ambiguidade, uma cultura organizacional orientada para o empreendedorismo e uma estrutura orgânica, são condições para se alcançar um elevado desempenho na produção de conhecimento através de inovação aberta. Os resultados permitem alargar o âmbito da investigação em inovação aberta, enriquecem o conteúdo da investigação sobre modelos de desenvolvimento das faculdades privadas, e têm implicações práticas positivas para o desenvolvimento das faculdades privadas na China

Lindenwood College Self-Study, 1993-1994

Lindenwood College Self-Study, 1993-199

Teaching Personal Selling with Volunteer Professional Salesperson Role-play Scenarios

Producing what is often referred to as “career ready” graduates is a challenge that most business department faculty take seriously; after all, we are measured to some extent by the success of our students. As a faculty member with twenty-plus years of experience in competitive sales environments, I believe that it is essential to create roleplay personal selling situations for students that simulate what happens in the consultative sales environment. Providing students with realistic situations calls upon the student to perform at a higher level. It is my position that these role-plays provide the best learning outcomes when conducted with professional sales people versus the use of peers or faculty to facilitate the role play. As educators, we have a luxury that doesn’t exist in most professional settings. That luxury is in our purpose; we are here to develop career-ready business leaders. While this purpose is also true for sales training staff in their respective organizations, they have to do this without exposing their weaknesses. Corporate Sales Trainers cannot, in most cases, bring in one of their top clients and ask them to run role play practices with their new sales trainees. In the collegiate environment, many of those top clients are more than willing to do just that; they volunteer their time to help coach a sales student. Their reasons for doing so are likely quite varied, but regardless of motive, I’ve rarely had difficulty recruiting sales and buying professionals to serve as role-play partners for students. They want to give back; making a contribution is a strong motivator. While I will readily admit that I don’t use professional volunteer buyers in all of my classroom role play scenarios in my sales and marketing coursework, I have reached the conclusion that professional sales people as volunteers are essential to creating a more realistic role play situation. Mary Ellen Weimer in her book Learner-Centered Teaching: Five Key Changes to Practice, states, “(this book) seeks to answer this question: What should teachers do to maximize learning outcomes for their students?” Specifically, as it relates to this topic, I concur with Weimer’s concept that “learner-centered teaching engages students in the hard, messy work of learning.” We need to help our students develop learning skills through personal practice. This situational instruction requires that the following stipulations be followed for the best possible outcome for student learning. These specifications include: selecting the most appropriate professional sales role-play volunteers, creating a case study that is robust enough, but is still easy to follow, and creating a simulation that closely replicates a consultative sales call. In the use of role plays, I believe that student learning maximizes by securing the best professional sales role play volunteers. It is important to find a professional sales person that will be generous with his/her time. Sadly, I’ve had some professionals that have wanted to help, but have then not completely “shown up” for the situation; while they may show up for the event, they’ve over extended themselves and spend the time distracted by what is happening in their lives. While this may be realistic for some sales call experiences, it doesn’t maximize the student’s learning. Also, you need a sales professional that is going to provide detailed and prolific feedback both verbally and in writing. Giving and receiving clear feedback is the “messy” part of learning, but individuals will not grow in their sales skills unless they get accurate and honest feedback. Finally, the sales professional needs to be nurturing. I’m not suggesting that they hold back in their feedback, but they need to be able to encourage and mentor the students – not necessarily beyond the role play, but at least for the time they spend with the student. All of these combined attributes of a professional sales role play volunteer provide a positive learning experience for the student. The second essential element of a strong professional sales role play scenario is to have a robust case study but to not make it overly complex. The important aspects of the case study include having a strong, but not excessively detailed background story. Digging into research to gain product knowledge such as the features, benefits, and advantages of a product or service is essential learning for students on how to approach a sales call. As a part of the scenario, some conflict needs to be included as well; this can take many different forms as either an objection or a challenge, but this conflict helps students understand that uncovering the client’s “pain” will lead them to better understanding how to meet the clients’ needs. I have also had success with role play circumstances that are somewhat ambiguous. This ambiguity exists in real life sales situations, so helping students understand that they’re not going to have all the answers and that they will need to do some investigation in the form of both research and questions to the client are relevant to the learning outcomes. Finally, the final essential piece of an effective professional sales role play scenario is the creation of a simulated environment that closely replicates a sales call. There are several elements that I believe are important in this simulated environment. First, it is best if the professional sales person has not met the sales role play student before the role play. Not having a prior introduction creates a dynamic similar to that first sales call and places the responsibility of creating rapport in the hands of the student. Next, I think it’s best if no other students are in the room during the role play. It can be videotaped for shared learning later, but having a peer audience changes the dynamic of the situation, and it is a more realistic simulation if an audience is not present. Creating a realistic role play that puts the sales call experience into perspective will help students better understand their strengths and weaknesses as it relates to the sales process. Ultimately, some will argue that this is too much effort to go through to create a professional sales volunteer role play in each class. To not over tax my volunteers and to better utilize class time, I frequently set up many volunteers for the same class period. Also, I usually don’t rely on the same volunteer for more than one class. Following this plan of action puts the pressure on the instructor to develop a strong network of professional sales people. However, I would argue that the effort to present more opportunities for students to practice sales in this way will make a substantial difference in our student’s success in a commission-based sales career. REFERENCES Weimer, M., 1947, & ebrary, I. (2013). Learner-centered teaching: Five key changes to practice (2nd ed.). San Francisco;Palo Alto, Calif;: Jossey-Bass

Science-Learning Strengthening Model in Islamic Educational Institution: Case Study at MAN 1 Yogyakarta

Advances in science and technology continue to develop and have a broad impact on various aspects of human life, including in the world of education. In order for students to be able to compete in the global world, educational institutions need to strengthen science learning to students. This study aims to explore the advantages of the science-learning strengthening model in Madrasa Aliyah in terms of context, input, process, and output aspects. This study uses a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that in terms of context, the program for strengthening science learning already exists in the vision and mission of the madrasa, which is to have the advantage of science and technology, which is followed up by madrasa policy to develop KTSP Research and science for local contents and extracurricular activities. From the input side, all were fulfilled except for the laboratory staff who were temporarily carried out by the KIR Trustees. From the process side, science learning strengthening has been carried out well and the output is also quite satisfiying. This can be seen from the score of the National Examination and the number of student achievements, especially in the fields of science and research both in the national and international levels

The Need For Academic Reform In Vietnamese Higher Education (VHE) To Align With Employers’ Expectations

The effort to comprehensively reform Vietnamese higher education (VHE) in order to produce an educated workforce better able to contribute to economic development is a major concern not only of educators and the Vietnamese government but also of employers, workers, and the general populace. Successful implementation of VHE’s “Vision 2020” relies on legal change together with macro-policies to support these educational initiatives. For the purposes of this study, however, the author focused on the current state of VHE in providing employable graduates to meet the needs of Vietnam’s knowledge economy in the 21st century. In particular, through an analysis of the advanced training programs (ATPs), the author argues that the wider use and expansion of ATPs is the key to the academic reform necessary to meet the expectations of Vietnamese employers in the 21st century